Tiêu chuẩn tiêu chuẩn iso 15008 2017

Road vehicles — Er g onomic aspects oftransport This document spe ifies minimum r q ir ment for the imag e q alty an legibi ty of display s containing dynamic chang ea le visual informat

Road vehicles — Er g onomic aspects

Vé icule s ro tiers — Aspects e g n miques des système s de

comma de et d’infrmation de s tra sport — S écifications et mode s

o ératoire s p ur la présentation visue lle à b rd du v hicule

T ir d edition

2 17-0

Reference n mb r

ISO 1 0 8:2 17(E)

COPYRIGHT PROTECTED DOCUMENT

© ISO 2017, P blshed in Sw itz rlan

A ll rig hts r eserved Unles otherw ise spe ified, nopar of this p blc tion ma y be r epr od c d or utilz d otherw ise in an form

or b an me ns, ele tr onic or me hanic l, inclu in p oto opying , or postin on the internet or an intranet , w ithout prior

written permis ion Permis ion c n be req esed from either ISO at the ad r es below or ISO’s member bod y in the c u try of

F reword i v

Introduction v

1 Sc ope 1

2 Nor mati ve r eferenc es 1

3 Terms and definitions 1

4 Req irements and me sur ement metho s 4

4.1 General 4

4.2 Desig n view ing p sition an i umination r ang e 5

4.2.1 Desig n viewing p sition 5

4.2.2 I lumination r ang e 7

4.3 Displa y i umination, minimum contr ast , luminanc an p larity 7

4.3.1 Displa y i umination 7

4.3.2 Minimum contr as ratio 7

4.3.3 Displa y mode 1

4.4 Colour combinations 1

4.5 A lphanume ical char acte dimensions 1

4.5.1 General 1

4.5.2 Height 1

4.5.3 Width b height ratio: Prop rtion ofthe typefac 1

4.5.4 Str oke width b height r atio:Weight of the typefac 1

4.5.5 Sp cing 1

4.5.6 C se 1

4.6 Pixel matrix characte format 14

4.6.1 Up e an lowe case of alphan me ic L tin, Gr eek, Cyri ic characte s 14

4.6.2 Automotive symb ls 1

4.6.3 Non-L tin char acte s 1

4.7 Refle tions an glar e 1

4.8 Characte istics of pr esentation 1

4.8.1 Imag e ins a i ty 1

4.8.2 Imag e flashing 1

4.9 Red n ant information displa ys 1

A nne x A (normative) Definitio and me sur ement of characte dimensio s 18

A nne x B (informative)Colo r combinations 20

A nne x C (informative) Terminolog y of typog raphic terms and visual dictio ar y 21

Biblog raphy 25

ISO (he Int ernational Org nization for Stan ardization) is a worldwidefede ation of national s an ards

b dies (ISO membe b dies) The work of pr p ring Int ernational Stan ards is normaly car ied out

through ISO t ech ical committ ees Each membe b dy int er st ed in a subje t for w hich a t ech ical

committ ee has be n es a lshed has the right t o be r pr sent ed on that committ ee Int ernational

org nizations, g ove nmental an non-g ove nmental, in laison with ISO, also take part in the work

ISO cola orat es closely with the Int ernational Ele trot ech ical C mmis ion (IEC) on al matt ers of

ele trot ech ical s an ardization

The proc d r s used t o develo this document an those int en ed for it furthe maint enanc ar

desc ibed in the ISO/IEC Dir ctives, Part 1 In p rticular the dife ent a pro al c it eria ne ded for the

dife ent ty es of ISO document should be not ed This document was draft ed in ac ordanc with the

edit orial rules of the ISO/IEC Dir ctives, Part 2 ( e www iso org dir ctives)

A tt ention is drawn t o the p s ibi ity that some of the element of this document ma be the subje t of

p t ent right ISO shal not be held r sponsible for identifying any or al such p t ent right Detais of

any p t ent right identified d ring the develo ment of the document wi be in the Introd ction an / r

on the ISO ls of p t ent de larations r c ived ( e www iso org p t ent )

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenienc of use s an does not

cons itut e an en orsement

For an ex lanation on the meaning of ISO spe ific terms an ex r s ions r lat ed to conformity as es ment,

as wel as information a out ISO’s adhe enc to the Wor ld Trade Org nization (WTO) principles in the

Te h ical Bar ie s to Trade (TBT) se the folowing URL: www iso org iso/ for word html

The committ ee r sponsible for this document is ISO/TC 2 , Ro d vehicles , Subcommitt ee SC 3 ,

Erg n mic s

This third edition canc ls an r plac sthe se on edition (ISO 1 0 8:2 0 ), w hich has be n t ech icaly

r vised with the folowing chang es:

— Introd ction was modif ied;

— S o e was modified (hea y vehiclesp rtly ex clu ed);

— t es con itions for dir ct unl ght ha e be n chang ed;

— charact er height was modif ied;

— charact er pro ortion was modified;

— charact er weight c it erion was modified;

— int er haract er spacing was modified;

— word sp cing was modif ied;

— a new subclause on t ext casewasad ed;

— thesubclause on charact er outlnes was modif ied;

— a new subclause on charact er shadows wasad ed;

— thesubclause on Non-R oman t ext was modif ied an r named Non-L tin

Driving is a complex task r q iring contin ous al ocation of att entional r sour es t o b th driving

an non-driving tasks Be ause of this, driving is an int eractive b lanc betwe n co nitive, phy sical,

somat osensory, visual an psychomot or ski ls

Drive an vehicle form an int egrat ed syst em that inclu es the environment, vehicle controls, an

display s cole tively defined as the transport information and control sy st ems (TICS) Sinc driving

is an int eractive sy st ems activity, vehicle charact eris ics in combination with h man ca a i ties

cons itut e imp rtant act ors in the pe formanc of this TIC sy st em

In orde t o achieve o timal drive pe formanc , the purp se of TICS is t o sup ort drive s in their

primary task such that pe formanc , comfort an safety ar inc eased and o e al drive worklo d is

not neg tively influenc d b the use of TICS One set of fact ors influencing this proc s inv lves the

charact eris ics of visual display s Spe if ical y, those aspe t of display s designed t o ac ommodat e

h man ca a i ities, the rang e of i lumination con itions and location of the displa with r spe t

t o the driver This is espe ialy imp rtant sinc visual spe if ications mus inclu e a wide rang e of

environmental con itions an cons itut e only one ne es ary con ition for adeq at e pe formanc ,

comfort an worklo d The purpose of this document is t o s an ardiz visual pr sentation

Road vehicles — Er g onomic aspects oftransport

This document spe ifies minimum r q ir ment for the imag e q alty an legibi ty of display s

containing dynamic (chang ea le) visual information pr sent ed t o the drive of a p s eng er car b

on-b ard transp rt information an control sy st ems (TICS) used w hie the vehicle is in motion Hea y

vehicles ar ex clu ed for the r q ir ment of contras an font siz sinc these cha t ers r fe enc

ISO 45 3 w hich is only a pl ca le for p s eng er vehicles These r q ir ment ar int en ed t o be

in epen ent of displa t ech olo ies R efe enc t o t es methods an measur ment for as es ing

complanc with them ha e be n inclu ed w he e ne es ary

This document is a pl ca le mainly to pe c ptual, an some b sic co nitive, component of the

visual information, inclu ing characte legibi ity an colour r co nition It is not a pl ca le to othe

factors afe ting pe formanc and comfort, such as coding, format and dialo ue characte is ics, or to

displa s using:

— charact ers pr sent ed as a p rt of a symb l or pict orial information (e.g.CD symbol);

— supe imposed information on the ext ernal f ield (e.g head-up display s);

— pict orial imag es (e.g r ar view came a);

— ma san t op gra hic r pr sentations (e.g those for set ing na ig tion sy st ems); or

— q asi-s atic information (e.g AM/PM, km/ mies, k a PSI, On/Of information)

2 Normati ve r eferences

The folowing document ar r fe r d t o in the t ext in such a wa that some or al of their cont ent

cons itut es r q ir ment of this document F or dat ed r fe enc s, only the edition cit ed a ples F or

un at ed r fe enc s, the lat es edition of the r fe enc d document ( inclu ing any amen ment ) a ples

ISO 45 3, Ro d vehicles — Vi s ibi t y — Meth d fr es ta li shment o eyel ps es fr dri ve ’s eye loc atio

CIE 8 :1 89, S lar s pec tral ir adia ce

SAE J1 5 / 1:2 1 , Sta dard Metrolo y fr Vehic ular Di s pla s

CIE S 0 7 E:2 1 ILV, Inte n tion l lg tin v c ab lar y

3 Terms and definitions

F or the purp ses of this document, the t erms an definitions given in CIE S 0 7 E:2 1 ILV an the

folowing a ply

ISO an IEC maintain t erminolo ical data ases for use in s an ardization at the folowing ad r s es:

— IEC Ele tro edia: a ai a le at ht p:/ www ele tro edia org

— ISO Onlne brow sing platorm: a aia le at ht p:/ www iso org o p

adaptatio

adjus ment of the eye’s sensitivity t o the brig tnes s (3.2) ofthe o se ved visual field b chemical an

phy sical proc s es within the eye

Not e 1t o entry: Dark adaptation oc ur at a slower rate than do s light adaptation

low

Not e 2 to entry: Terms an def initions related to p ot ometric q antities (e.g iluminance, luminance, luminance

contrast an saturation) are given in CIE S 0 7/E:2 1 ILV In CIE S 0 7/E:2 1 ILV, it is refer ed as luminance

cyclo e n eyelipse

el iptical v lume combining the lef an the right eyel ps e (3.1 ) of the drive int o one single v lume

locat ed in the c ntr betwe n them

3.7

day co ditio

con ition with difuse ambient l ght

3.8

direct sunl ght co ditio

con ition un e w hich the viewing con itions ar mainly influenc d b dir ct l ght from the su on the

displa surfac

el iptical sha e of the drive eyerang e

Not e 1t o entry: As def ined in ISO 45 3

Not e 2t o entry: S e def inition of 9 th per entile eyel ipse in ISO 45 3

Note 3t o entry: It is the contraction of the words “eye” an “el ipse”.

3.1

flash

int en ed pe iodic v riation of the luminanc of a lght or visual information, normaly from “OF ” t o a

given v lue, ty icaly used for at racting att ention

Note 1 t o entry: Terms an def initions related t o p otometric q antities (e.g iluminance, luminance, luminance

c ontr s t r tio (3.4), saturation)are given in CIE S 0 7/E:2 1 ILV

3.12

flcker

unint en ed pe c ived t emporal v riation of the brig tnes s (3.2) of a visual s imulus, usualy g ene at ed

b r fr sh proc s of the displa cont ent or b v riation of the luminanc of the b cklght

Note 1 t o entry: Terms an def initions related t o p otometric q antities (e.g iluminance, luminance, luminance

c ontr s t r tio (3.4), saturation)are given in CIE S 0 7/E:2 1 ILV

3.13

disabi ity glare

daz l ng or disa lng efe t prod c d b a bright l ght

Note 1 t o entry: T is is a retinal efect, primarily caused by light s at er in the eye, which prod ces a luminous

veil over the retinal ima e an th s red ces contrast

3.1

dis omfort glare

dis racting or disrupting efe t of bright point our es in the field of view

Note 1t o entry: T is is a per eptualefect, interfering with visual at ention an selection

r pr sentation on plane surfac of the featur s of a con e t ed part of the earth surfac (espe ialy

of the ro d an traff ic environment), shown in their r pr sentative forms, siz s and r lationship in

ac ordanc with someconvention of r pr sentation

3.1

night co ditio

con ition of low ambient i umination un e w hich the ada tatio (3.1) level of the drive is mainly

influenc d b the p rtion of the ro d ahead co e ed b the vehicle’ s own headlght an sur oun ing

s r et l ght , an displa an ins rument brig tnes s (3.2)

Note 1t o entry: Low ambient ilumination is les than 5 lx

Not e 2 to entry: Terms an def initions related to p ot ometric q antities (e.g iluminance, luminance, luminance

c ontr s r tio (3.4), saturation)are given in CIE S 0 7/E:2 1 ILV

3.20

quasistatic informatio

<r conf igura le display s> information that has a lmit ed n mbe of s at es, w he e one or anothe s at e

is alway s displa ed an doesnot chang e fr q ently

E AMP E AM/PM, km/miles, k a PSI, on/ f information

3.21

re dabi ity

visual pro e ties of a se ies of charact ers or words that det ermine the ease with w hich they can be r ad

Not e 1t o entry: S e also le ibi t y (3.16)

3.22

redundantly presented informatio

information w hich is pr sent ed in p ralel b dife ent means or at dife ent p sitions

E AMP E 1 Spe d can b displayed in b th analo ue an digital format

E AMP E 2 T rn-by-turn navig tion can b displayed on a central display an in paralel in the instrument

<r conf igura le display s>information that does not chang e, espe ialy phy sical unit

E AMP E km, miles,k a, PSI, mp , k h

3.25

twiight co ditio

con ition betwe n nig t c onditio (3.1 )an da c ondition (3.7)

Not e 1t o entry: In twilight con ition, the set ing of the display il umination might b in day or night set ing

4 Requir ements and measur ement methods

The folowing r q ir ment shal be compled with t o ensur that imag eson the visual display s used in

on-b ard TICS eq ipment ar legible

Conformity of the pr sent ed imag es t o the r q ir ment spe ified in this document shal be t est ed at

an ambient t empe atur within the rang e of 1 °C t o 2 °C The t es shal not s art u ti the i umination

has r ached a s a le s at e The r q ir ment ar ac omp nied b s andard measur ment con itions in

t erms of ambient i uminanc and o se ve p sitions Methods for measur ment of contras shal be in

ac ordanc with SAE J1 5 / 1

4.2 Desig n view ing position and i lumination rang e

4.2.1 Desig n view ing position

The r q ir ment in this subclause ar a plca le t o display s in their ins aled vehiclelocations, as se n

from any p int in the drive eyel pses ac ording t o ISO 45 3 (for p s eng er vehicles only)

If the displa is f ix ed t o the vehicle, the r lev nt r q ir ment shal be compled with from the

r armos p int of the cyclo ean eyel ipse If the orientation of the displa is adjus a le, the displa ma

be adjust ed so that a p sition can be fou d in w hich al the r lev nt r q ir ment ar compled with

simultaneously F or dir ct sunlght con itions, the r q ir ment of contras ( e 4.3.2) shal only be

fulfil ed in the dir ction of the c itical spe ular lne (CSL) ( e Figur 1)

Stan ard default v lues for angles (45°/ 0° as an alt ernative for dir ct su l ght measur ment ar

ac epta le ( e SAE J1 5 / 1)

a) Display at right-hand side of driver

b) Side view

c) Plan view

Key

3 r earmost point of the cyclope n eyelipse 5 centr e of the cyclope n eyel ipse

Figure 1 — Design viewing positio

4.2.2.2 Night c onditio is r eplcated in a dar k envir onment , such that the max imum i uminanc on

the o je t to be measur ed shal not exc ed 1 lx, with a relative toler anc of ± % For the measur ement

pr oc d re, se SA E J1 5 / :20 5, Ta le 1

4.2.2.3 T w ilght c onditio is r eplcated with a measur ement con ition spe ified in SA E J1 5 / :2 1 ,

4.1.2.4 an Ta le 1 The ambient lg ht measur ed on the surfac of the displa y (on the s andar d difuse

r efle tor) shal be 2 0 lx , with a r elative toleranc of ± % If the displa y seting is br ought into the

night-time setting man aly or automaticaly (e.g trig g er ed b the head lamp sw itch or a su lo d sensor), the

displa yed information shal me t the twilght r eq ir ement in 4.3.2 in thenight-time setting If the drive

can man aly chang e the setting of the displa y to a highe contrast , the measurement ma y be made in

that displa y setting

4.2.2.4 Day c ondition w ith difuse ambient lght is r eplcated with ambient lght omni-dir ectional

to the p int of measurement The ambient lght measur ed on the surfac of the displa y (on the standar d

difuse r efle tor) shal be 5 klx , with a relative toleranc of± % F r the measur ement pr oc d r e,

se SA E J1 5 / :2 1 , 4.1 an Ta le 1

4.2.2.5 Direct sunlght c onditio is r eplcated w ith a s an ar d measurement con ition T e

i uminanc at the p int of measurement shal be 45 klx , with a r elative toleranc of ± % For the

measurement pr oc d re, se SA E J1 57 1:2 1 , 4.1an Ta le 1

4.2.2.6 F r da y an dir ect su lg ht an for twilg ht con itions in the measur ement proc d r e

in ac ordanc with SA E J1 57 1, an artificial i umination sys em w ith lg ht type simiar to that of

CIE 85:1 89, Ta le 4 (± 0 %) shal be used Light sour ces with lar g e spikes in the spe trum (e.g

fluor esc nt lamps) should be a voided; metal halde lamps ar e mor e a pr opriate due to their ener g y in

the blue p rt of the spe trum The colour temperatur e is se on ary to this is ue

4.3 Display i lumination, minimum c ontrast , luminanc e and polarity

4.3.1 Display iluminatio

Due t o the ve y wide rang e of ambient i luminations that det ermine the ada tation level of the drive ,

the displa i umination should ha e a brightnes control w hich alow s adjus ment o e a suita le rang e

4.3.2 Minimum c ontrast ratio

4.3.2.1 Requir ements

The minimum contras ratio betwe n symb l an b ckgrou d shal be as folow s:

— 5:1 for night con ition;

— 3:1 for twi ght condition;

— 3:1 for da con ition;

— 2:1 for dir ct u lght con ition

This is espe ialy imp rtant if charact ers ar close t o the minimum r q ir ment for the dimensions

( e 4.5) L we contras should be ex clu ed ex cept or charact ers that ar int entionaly gr y-shaded or

desaturat ed in colour t o in icat e some inactive s atus

4.3.2.2 Characte outl ning

If suff icient contras ratio betwe n the charact er an it b ckgroun can ot be pro ided d ring

transient s at es, such as dawn an d sk con itions, ad itional means shal be a pled This can be an

outlne aroun the charact er, in w hich case, a minimum contras shal bepro ided betwe n the b dy of

the charact er/u filed ar a an it outl ne

The s roke width of the outl ne b charact er height ratio should be les than 0,04 for charact ers with

se if an les than 0,0 for charact ers without e if If the siz of a charact er is so smal that he s roke

width of the outlne would be les than 0,3 mm, an outlne should bea oided t o ensur r ada i ty ( e

Figure 2 — Outl ned character

Words or phrases writt en in outl ned u f iled charact er ( ransp r nt b dy) font should not be used

4.3.2.3 Characte shad ws

If suff icient contras ratio betwe n the charact er an it b ckgrou d can ot be pro ided, ad itional

means shal be a pl ed In lmit ed cases, this can be the use of a dark shadow or glow behin or

aroun the t ext r spe tively, as long as the t ext an it b ckgrou d can s i l maintain 7 % of the

minimum contras In these cases, the minimum contras shal be pro ided between the b dy of the

charact er/unf iled ar a and it shadow

If a shadow is used, the dir ction of the lght sour e shal be betwe n 2 ° an 1 5° from horizontal ( e

Figur 3) Text an it b ckgrou d shal not be b th dark in colour

The shadow shal not be discon e t ed from it t ext, or in othe words, the e shal be no g p betwe n

a charact er an it shadow The shadow shal not be so larg e that it hides r lev nt information in the

b ckgrou d or f il s in the insides of charact ers The shadow should be sof as it mo thly fades int o the

b ckgrou d

The width of the shadow should be les than 7 % of the st em width of the r gular weight of the

ty efac , even w hen the b ld weight is used ( e Figur 4) The use of shadow s and outlnes should be

r s rict ed for use on s atic la els, non-dynamic t ext or t ext f ield titles

Figure 3 — Shadow angles

Figure 4 — Shadow in relatio to font weight

4.3.2.4 Chang ing backg r ound

If the b ckgrou d arou d the t ext or symb l is spatialy changing in luminanc or colour, minimum

contras ratio should be r ached with the wors case b ckgrou d in the ar a adjac nt t o t ext or symb l

The contras ratio shal be calculat ed from at leas two measur ment in dife ent ar as ofthe displa

If the b ckgroun is dynamic, an ad itional outlne should be a pled arou d the charact ers t o pro ide

a suff icient contras ratio ( e Figur 2) In this case, the contras ratio should be measur d between

the outlne and the b rde lne

4.3.2.5 Co trast ratio me surement

Al contras measur ment shal be car ied out at the c ntr p int of the cyclo ean eyel pse, as shown

in Figur 1 F or bench t op measur ment , s an ard v lues for angles (45°/ 0° ma be used for dir ct

su l ght measur ment ( e SAE J1 5 / 1) F or a displa in the ins rument clust er, v lues for angles

(0°/ 5° can also beused

F or matrix displa s, the measur ment shal be taken o e a cole tion ar a co e ing at leas

(3 × 3) pix els ( e Figur 5) The measur ment ac uracy wi l be r d c d if the measur ment ar a is les

than (3 × 3) pix els If the ar a of the charact er t o be measur d does not contain at leas (3 × 3) pix els or

the phot omet er sp t siz is larg er than the ar a of the charact er, f in a larg er ar a on the charact er that

has at leas (3 × 3) pix els an that a pears visualy t o ha e the same luminanc Measur this ar a

F or segment display s, the measur ment shal be taken within a single segment The diamet er of the

cole tion ar a shal be les than 8 % of the r lev nt dimension of the segment t o be measur d

During the contras measur ment, the displa luminanc should be adjust ed in the night con ition t o

“ night ma imum”an in day light or dir ct su lght con ition t o “ ma imum brightnes ” In the twi ight

con ition, at leas one displa i lumination set ing (e.g da /night set ing) that me t the spe if ied

r q ir ment w hen the headlamps/ arking lamps ar in an “ON”(or activ t ed) s at e shal be pro ided

F or a common displa that delve s dife ent imag es t o a drive an p s eng ers, the contras of the

drive ’ s imag es shal be measur d with the pas eng er’ s imag e in ful y w hit e an in fuly black R eq ir d

contras shal be fulf iled in the worse con ition

NOTE An ghost ima e from d namic c os talk is not covered by this document

Key

1 colection ar ea (p otometer me sur ement spot)

2 pix l in brig ht state

3 pix l in dark state

Figure 5 — Co trast ratio me surement o matrix display s

4.3.3 Display mode

If a displa show s l ght symb ls on a dark b ckgrou d, this is caled a neg tive displa mode If dark

symb ls ar shown on a lght b ckgrou d, this is caled a positive displa mode Both displa modes ar

k own t o give satis act ory pe formanc The choic is det ermined b the a e ag e luminanc of those

ar as fr q ently viewed in seq enc The efor , neg tive displa mode should be used u de the night

con ition In da con ition, eithe ma be used, w hie taking int o ac ount the oft en dark immediat e

sur ou dings of display s in vehicles (e.g the dashb ard) F or non-shelt er d display s, positive displa

mode can be used for r d cing the visibi ity ofr fle tions On the othe han , it should be conside ed

that he r fle tions in the ca ’ s windshields d e t o p sitive displa mode on a non-shelt er d displa can

ha e an imp ct on the visibi ty on the ro d sc ne

4.4 Colour c ombinations

R eg rdles of the colour an colour combinations betwe n a symb l or charact er an it b ckgroun ,

minimum luminanc contras ratio shal be pro ided ( e 4.3.2)

F or phy siolo ical an psycholo ical r asons, not al symb l/ ackgrou d colour combinations ar

ac epta le Be a use of this, w hen sele ting colours in ful colour displa s, c rtain symb l/ ackgrou d