Tiêu chuẩn iso 15818 2017

© ISO 2017 Earth moving machinery — Lifting and tying down attachment points — Performance requirements Engins de terrassement — Points d’ancrage pour le levage et l’arrimage — Exigences de performanc[.]

Earth-moving machinery — Lifting

En ins de te rassement — Point d’a cra e p ur le lev ge et

l’ar ima e — Exigence s de pe frma c

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© ISO 2017, P blshed in Sw itz rlan

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F reword i v

Introduction v

1 Sc ope 1

2 Nor mati ve r eferenc es 1

3 Terms an definitions 1

4 Lifing at achment points 4

4.1 L cation an n mbe 4

4.2 Str eng th 4

5 T ying -d wn at achment p ints 6

5.1 L cation an n mbe 6

5.2 A cc leration coeficient 6

5.3 Str eng th 7

6 At achment points — C mmo r equir ements 9

6.1 Common locational r eq irement 9

6.2 Mate ial req irement 1

6.3 Pul-pin type devic s 1

6.4 Common devic s .1

7 Identification 10

8 Lifing and tying -dow n instructio s 11

9 Ver ification 12

A nne x A (normative) Lifing and tying -down infor matio for disas embled machines 13

A nne x B (informative)Lif ing, loading, tying dow n and transp r ting e r th-moving machiner y — Metho s and r ecommendations 14

A nne x C (informative) Meth d for calculatio of for c es o tying -dow n at achment points in diag onal lashing disposition 19

Biblog raphy 20

ISO (he Int ernational Org nization for Stan ardization) is a worldwidefede ation of national s an ards

b dies (ISO membe b dies) The work of pr p ring Int ernational Stan ards is normaly car ied out

through ISO t ech ical committ ees Each membe b dy int er st ed in a subje t for w hich a t ech ical

committ ee has be n es a lshed has the right t o be r pr sent ed on that committ ee Int ernational

org nizations, g ove nmental an non-g ove nmental, in laison with ISO, also take part in the work

ISO cola orat es closely with the Int ernational Ele trot ech ical C mmis ion (IEC) on al matt ers of

ele trot ech ical s an ardization

The proc d r s used t o develo this document an those int en ed for it furthe maint enanc ar

desc ibed in the ISO/IEC Dir ctives, Part 1 In p rticular the dife ent a pro al c it eria ne ded for the

dife ent ty es of ISO document should be not ed This document was draft ed in ac ordanc with the

edit orial rules of the ISO/IEC Dir ctives, Part 2 ( e www iso org dir ctives)

A tt ention is drawn t o the p s ibi ity that some of the element of this document ma be the subje t of

p t ent right ISO shal not be held r sponsible for identifying any or al such p t ent right Detais of

any p t ent right identified d ring the develo ment of the document wi be in the Introd ction an / r

on the ISO ls of p t ent de larations r c ived ( e www iso org p t ent )

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenienc of use s an does not

cons itut e an en orsement

F or an ex lanation on the v lu tary natur of s an ards, the meaning of ISO spe if ic t erms an

ex r s ions r lat ed t o conformity as es ment, as wel as information a out ISO’ s adhe enc t o the

World Trade Org nization (WTO) principles in the Te hnical Bar ie s t o Trade (TBT) se the folowing

URL: www iso org iso / for word html

This document was pr par d b Te h ical Committ ee ISO/TC 1 7, Earth-mov in machine y,

Subcommitt ee SC 3, Machine charac te i s tic s , elec tric al a d elec tro ic sys tems , o e atio a d mainten nc e

This document has be n develo ed t o define the pe formanc r q ir ment of l f ing an tying -down

at achment point f itt ed on, or incorporat ed int o, earth-mo ing machine y for the purp ses of it

efe tive an safe transportation

Although man factur rs of machines do not ha e dir ct r sp nsibi ty for such transp rtation, the

method an pr cautions ne es ary for l f ing, tying down an disas embl ng for transportation ar

desc ibed in informative an ex es w hich can be used b the man factur r as guidanc w hen pr paring

the o e at or’ s man al

The tying -down r q ir ment an r commen ations given in this document ar int en ed t o mat ch

with widely a pled practic s such as those desc ibed in IMO/ILO/UNECE guidel nes Howeve , w he e

this is not the case, anothe or othe sup lemental methods for se uring the machine can be pro ided in

the o e at or’ s man al

Ear th-moving machinery — Lifting and tying -down

This document spe if ies the pe formanc r q ir ment for the l f ing an tying -down at achment

p int of earth-mo ing machine y as def ined in ISO 6 16

This document also a pl es to component an sub s embl es of earth-mo ing machine y which

the man factur r inten s to be l fted or tied down separately by using l fting or tying-down

at achment p int

NOTE 1 S me components (e.g tyres, tyres with whe ls, track sho as emblies, hydraulic cy lin ers) can b

securely tied down without specif ic tying -down at achment points

This document a plest o the folowing modes of transp rt :

— l f ing with c anes (e.g mo ie c anes, g ntry c anes);

— ro d transport (e.g truck, traie );

— rai transport, inclu ing combined transport (e.g wag ons with containe s, swa -b dies,

semi-traie s, trucks);

— sea transp rt

It isnot a plca le t o

— airl f or transp rt b air, or

— rai transp rt of machineson wag ons subje t t o sh nting

NOTE 2 National or local re ulations can b more string nt

This document does not inclu e r q ir ment for at aching the machine t o a platorm ofthe rai car,

b at, et c from w hich the machine is int en ed t o work

2 Normati ve r eferences

The folowing document , in w hole or in p rt, ar normatively r fe enc d in this document an ar

in ispensa le for it a pl cation F or dat ed r fe enc s, only the edition cit ed a pl es F or u dat ed

r fe enc s, the lat es edition of the r fe enc d document ( inclu ing any amen ment )a pl es

ISO 2 6 , Earth-mov in machiner y — Ac c es s sys tems

ISO 616 , Earth-mov in machiner y — B as ic t y pes — Identific atio a d te ms a d de initio s

ISO 640 -1, Earth-mov in machiner y — Sy mb l s fr o e ator c ontrols a d othe di s pla s — Part 1:

Commo sy mb ls

ISO 7 00, Gra hic al sy mb ls fr us e o eq ipment — R egi s te ed sy mb l s

3 Terms and definitions

F or the purposes of this document, the t erms an def initions given in ISO 6 16 an the folowing a ply

l f ing at achment p int

devic f itt ed on, or incorp rat ed int o, an earth-mo ing machine, used for lf ing the machine or

disas embled unit

Not e 1 to entry: The at achment point can b a hole, a lif ing eye or an specif ic part of the machine as specif ied

by the man facturer

3.2

l f ing ac es ory

combination of mat erials (e.g shackles, wir ro es, sl ngs, chains) used for l fing the machine or

disas embled unit

3.3

tying -down at achment point

devic f itt ed on, or incorp rat ed int o, an earth-mo ing machine, used for tying down w hen transp rting

the machine or disas embled unit

Not e 1 to entry: The at achment point can b a hole, a tying -down eye or an specif ic part of the machine as

specif ied by the man facturer

3.4

tying -down ac es ory

combination of mat erials (e.g chains, wir ro es, shackles, bracing, w he l chocks) used for tying down

an fast ening w hen transp rting a machine or disas embled u it

3.5

slng

as embly of slnging component , such as chains, wir ro es or t extie mat erial joined t o up e or lower

t erminals, suita lefor at aching t o a lftin at achment p int (3.1)

3.6

machine l f ing co figuratio

man factur r’s r commen ed p sition of the machine for l f ing

3.7

machine tying-down co figuratio

man factur r’s r commen ed p sition of the machine for transport

3.8 Mas es for calculatio

3.8.1

mas of e ch disas embled unit

mas of each u it of a machine (e.g comp nent, sub s embly, b se machine) that is disas embled for

transport

Not e 1 to entry: It is used for calculating for es ex erted on lftin attachme t p ints (3.1)or t y in -dow n atachme t

p ints (3.3)of the u it

3.8.2

w hole machine mas for calculatio

mas of the machine, inclu ing the hea ies combination of ca , cano y, o e at or-prot ective s ructur s,

if any, with al their comp nent an mou tings, an any combination of eq ipment an at achment

a pro ed b the man factur r of the machine, inclu ing ful-lq id sy st ems ex clu ing p y lo ds

Not e 1 to entry: It is used for calculating for es ex erted on lftin attachme t p ints (3.1)or t y in -dow n atachme t

p ints (3.3)of the whole machine

3 9

distributed l f ing for e

for e a pled ont o each lftin at achment p int (3.1) from lf ing eq ipment through lftin ac ces s ories

(3.2)d ring lf ing

Note 1 to entry: T e distribut ed lif ing for e ma nitu e an direction can b diferent or e ch lifing at achment

point d e t o u eq al distribution of lo ds an non-vertical lifing ac es ories

3.1

distributed tying -down for e

restraining for e

for e pot ential y a pled ont o each t y in -dow n attachment p int (3.3) from transp rt vehicle through

t y in -dow n ac c es s ories (3.4) d ring transport

3.1

wor king load lmit

WL

ma imum lo d (mas )that thelftin ac c es s or y (3.2) is designed t o l f un e the con itions spe ified b

the man factur r

bre king for e

calculated for e including safety factor for distributed lifting frc e (3.9) or distributed ty ing-dow n

r s raining (as carg o) of earth-mo ing machine mo ement in r lation t o the tra s port vehicle (3.1 )

a ains for es a pled on the machine d ring transp rt b means of the a pro riat e use of t y in -dow n

for e acting on the t y in -dow n attachment p int (3.3) d e t o the dir ction of for e r lative t o the

tra s port vehicle (3.1 ) actuat ed on the lo d in eithe the x- or y- dir ction d ring transport

4 Lifting at achment points

4.1 Location and number

Sufficient n mbe ofl f ing at achment point shal be plac d so that the lf ing for e de ived from

the machine mas is r latively wel dis ribut ed an b lanc d d ring l fing with a lf ing ac es ory or

ac es ories

Whe e the e is no a pro riat e c ntral l f ing at achment point ( e Figur B.2), lf ing at achment

p int shal be spac d the ma imum practical dis anc for a pro riat e s a i ty an b lanc

A l fing at achment point or p int should be designed t o hold the t erminal f it ings of the l fing

ac es ories in the for se n p sition t o a oid slp ing

4.2 Streng th

Depen ent on transp rt proc d r , the lf ing at achment p int shal fulf il the s r ngth r q ir ment

t o l f the w hole machine or t o l f the disas embled unit Ta le 1 shal be used t o def ine s r ngth

r q ir ment for symmetric lo dings

Alt ernatively, taking uneven lo dings int o ac ou t, the s r ngth r q ir ment for each lf ing at achment

p int shal be calculat ed in ivid aly using the mas of each disas embled u it or (3.8.1) the w hole

machine mas for calculation (3.8.2) an the location of the lf ing point r lative t o the c ntr of the

mas A pro f fact or of 1,5 for the pro f for e and a safety fact or of 4 for the br aking for e shal be used

in the calculations

The s r ngth of each l fing point shal be ve if ied ac ording t o Clause 9

Open-en lf ing at achment p int , such as ho ks, shal ha e a safety lat ch or othe devic t o pr vent

unint en ed diseng g ement of the mating l fing ac es ory

Table 1 — Lif ing at achment points — Strength requirements — Symmetric loadings

Dis ribut ed lf ing for e

m is the whole machine mas for calculation or mas of e ch disas embled u it kg)

g is the ac eleration d e t o the for e of gravity (g = 9,8 m/s

2

)

n is the n mb r of efective lif ing at achment points, for calculation of symmetric lo dings as defined b low:

1with one lif ing at achment point an 2 with two lif ing at achment points that are symmetricaly

locat-ed a out the centre of the machine mas , with eq al chain lengths an angles;

2with four or more lif ing at achment points that are symmetrical y located a out the centre of the

ma-chine mas , with eq alchain lengths an angles for rigid lo d;

3with thre lif ing at achment points that are symmetrical y located a out he centre of the machine

mas , with eq al chain lengths an angles;

3with four lif ing at achment points that are symmetrical y located a out the centre of the machine

mas , with eq al chain lengths an angles for non-rigid lo d;

4 with four lif ing at achment points that are symmetrical y located a out the centre of the machine

mas , with eq al chain lengths an angles for the case where adeq at e lo d b lancing is ensured for

non-rigid lo d (e.g frame os ilation, a le os ilation, lif ing ac es ories with b lancing capa ility)

θ is the angle b tween the vertical line an the sling le at he lif ing at achment point se Figure 1) It is

g neraly limited to prevent dama e t o the machine, for e ample, operator station, engine cover.T e angle

used for calculation shal b 60° or the ma imum pos ible angle ne ded t o prevent the machine from

b ing damag ed by the lifting devices as determined by the man facturer For sing le-le sling s, the lif ang le

is eq al to 0°

Figure 1 — Lif ing at achment points — Angle betwe n vertical lne and slng le

5 T ying -dow n at achment points

5.1 Location and number

The tying -down at achment p int shal be p sitioned so that damag e t o the tying -down ac es ory is

a oided w hen the p int ar used ac ording t o the man factur r’s ins ructions S e Figur 2

Key

1 rang e to ke p ap ropriate ang le

2 tying -down ac es ory (w ithin the rang e to ke p ap r opriate angle to prevent damag e to the ac es ory)

3 tr ack of the machine

4 tying -down attachment point

Figure 2— Tying -down at achment points — Appro riate angle rang e

A suff icient n mbe of tying -down at achment p int shal be pro ided t o alow ac epta le dis ribut ed

tying -down for es for tying -down ac es ories

If a tying -down p int is used in the calculation of n in b th the longitu inal an lat eral dir ctions, it

shal ha e the r q ir d s r ngth for b th longitu inal an transve se lo ds However, the tying -down

point does not ne d t o me t he r q ir ment in b th dir ctions simultaneously

5.2 Ac c eleration c oeficient

The ac ele ation coeff icient for the spe ific ty e of transp rtation (ro d, rai an sea) ar def ined in

Ta les 2, 3 an 4 These coefficient spe ify the ma imum for es on a machine for calculating s r ngth

r q ir ment asspe if ied in 5.3

NOTE Ta les 2, 3an 4 values are tak en from R eference [3]

Table 2 — A cceleratio coef icient during road transport

Table 3 — A cceleratio coef icient during rai transport

Table 4 — A cceleratio coef icient during maritime transport

5.3 Str eng th

Each tying -down at achment p int shal fulfil the s r ngth r q ir ment of eithe 5.3.1 or 5.3.2 as

a plca le for the modes of transp rtation (ro d, rai or sea) an shal be ve ified in ac ordanc with

Clause 9

5.3.1 When the numbe of efe tive tying -down atachment p ints n is 2 or les , each tying -down

attachment p int shal fulfi the str eng th r eq ir ement of Ta le 5

Table 5 — Tying-d wn at achment points — Strength requirements

Dir ction offor e r

la-t ive to transp rt vehicle

m is the machine mas for calculation or mas of e ch disas embled u it kg)

g is the ac eleration d e t o the for e of gravity (g = 9,8 m/s

2

)

n is the n mb r of efective tying -down at achment points, used simultane usly for e ch direction with a

ma imum of 2 for the calculation using this ta le

α is the angle b tween a horizontal plane an the tying -down ac es ory at the tying -down at achment point

It is recommen ed that he machine man facturer in icate in the operat or’ s man al that he angle alp a not b

ne ative

β

x

is the angle b tween the longitu inal a is an the tying-down ac es ory at he tying-down at achment

point in the lo ding plane of the transport vehicle

β

y

is the angle b tween the lateral a is an the tying-down ac es ory at he tying-down at achment point

in the lo ding plane of the transport vehicle, where β

is the resultant for e actuat ed by the lo d acting on e ch efective tying-down at achment point in the

longitu inal direction

F

Ry

is the resultant for e actuat ed by the lo d acting on e ch efective tying-down at achment point in the

transver e (lateral)direction

multiplied by the ac eleration d e to gravity, g, gives the ac eleration, a = C × g,of the lo d

For larger ma hines, or if one or more spe if ic tyin -down at a hment point w ould not withs an the req ired forc ,

another su plemental method or methods (uch as blo kin of suff icient t en th) to se ure the ma hine shal be in ic ted

in the operator’s man al Alternatively, if g arante d b the man fa turer an in ic ted in the operator’ s man al, an if

given as par of a ma hine tyin -down c nf ig ration req irement, the fiction c eff icient may be incre sed b usin spe ial

materials, for e ample, s rap ru ber, between the ma hine an the t anspor vehicle sura e ( e , for e ample, EN1 195

-1:20 3, Table B.1)

If the f iction c eff icient is diferent fom the referenc value (0,2), it shal be ensured b the e r h-movin ma hine

man fa turer an in ic ted in the operator’ s man al If the parkin brak e c pa ity ( e ISO 3450 or ISO 10265) is les than

f iction efor , f iction for c lculation shal be repla ed b the parkin brak e c pa ity Or the man fa turer shal in ic te

alternative res rainin method(s ) within the operator’s man al an lo d se urin do k et (e 8.4)

The e r h-movin ma hine mig t not be oriented in the same dire tion as the t anspor vehicle an c uld have more than

one pos ible orientation relative to that vehicle More ver, the ma hine man fa turer in general c n ot de ide an les

Therefore, it is re ommen ed that in e ch tyin -down c se for desig an verif ic tion c r ain ap ropriate an le ran es

are spe ified, together with a warnin in the operator’ s man al in ic tin that his ge met ic information ran e is the

ma imum

Efe t of usin cho ks may be inc rporated for c lculation p rposes In such c ses, use of cho ks shal be in ic ted in the

operator’ s man al an , if used, in the lo d se urin do k et ( e 8.4)