Cấu trúc : …..too + adj for sb to do sth : quá để làm gì VD: My father is too old to drive = My father is such an old man that he can’t drive = My father is so old that he can’t drive so
Trang 1MỘT VÀI CẤU TRÚC BIẾN ĐỔI CÂU HAY 1.It takes sb khoảng thời gian to do sth= sb spend khoảng thời gian doing sth
VD: it took her 3 hours to get to the city centre.= she spent 3 hours getting to the city centre.
S + V + Khoảng thời gian = It + take + (sb) + Khoảng thời gian + to + V
She have learned English for 5 years.-> It take her 5 year to learn English
2 Understand = tobe aware of
VD: do you understand the grammar structure?= are you aware of the grammar structure?
3 Like = tobe interested in = enjoy = keen on
VD: she likes politics = she is interested in politics
4.Because + clause = because of + N
VD: he can’t move because his leg was broken= he can’t move because of his broken leg
5 Although/ though/even though + clause = despite + N = in spite of + N
VD: Although she is old, she can compute very fast= Despite / In spite of her old age, she can compute very fast
6.Succeed in doing sth = manage to do sth
VD: we succeeded in digging the Panama cannel= we managed to dig the Panama cannel
7 Cấu trúc : … too + adj (for sb) to do sth : quá để làm gì
VD: My father is too old to drive = My father is such an old man that he can’t drive
= My father is so old that he can’t drive
so + adj + that Clause = it is such a/ an N that: quá đến nỗi mà
VD: She is so beautiful that everybody loves her.= it is such a beautiful girl that everybody loves her
Adj/ Adv + enough (for sb) to do sth: đủ để làm gì/ enough +N
VD: This car is enough safe for him to drive
VD: The policeman ran quickly enough to catch the robber
S + be + too + adj + (for s.o) + to + V = S + be + so + adj + that + S + can’t + V
-> The water is too hot for Peter to drink.The water is so hot that Peter can't drink
S + V + too + adv + to + V = S + V + so + adv + that + S + can’t + V
S + be + so + adj + that + S + V = S + be + not + adj + enough + to + V
S + be + too + adj + to + V = S + be + not + adj + enough + to + V
S + V + so + adv + that + S + V = It + V + such + (a/an) + N(s) + that + S +V
-> He speaks so softly that we can’t hear anything.He does not speak soft
8.Cấu trúc : prefer sb to do sth = would rather sb Vpast sth: thích, muốn ai làm gì
VD: I’prefer you not to smoke here = I’d rather you didn’t smoke here
Trang 2I prefer you to learn harder = I’d rather you learned harder
9.Prefer doing sth to doing sth : thích làm gì hơn làm gì
= Would rather do sth than do sth
VD: She prefers staying at home to going out
- She’d rather stay at home than go out
10 Can = be able to = be possible
11 Harly + had +S + Vpp when S + Vpast: ngay sau khi ……thi… …
= No sooner + had +S + Vpp than S + Vpast
VD: As soon as I left the house, he appeared
-Harly had I left the house when he appeared
-No sooner had I left the house than he appeared
12.Not……… any more : không còn nữa
No longer + dạng đảo ngữ
S+ no more+ V
VD: I don’t live in the courtryside anymore
No longer do I live in the coutryside
I no more live in the coutryside
13 At no time + dạng đảo ngữ : không khi nào, chẳng khi nào
VD: I don’t think she loves me
At no time do I think she loves me
14 Tobe not worth doing sth = there is no point in doing sth : không đáng, vô ích làm gì
VD:It’s not worth making him get up early
There is no point in making him getting early
15 It seems that = it appears that = it is likely that =it looks as if/ as though: dường như rằng
VD: It seems that he will come late= it appears that / it is likely he will come late
= he is likely to come late
=it looks as if he will come late
Các dạng câu thường gặp
16 Not………until …… : không cho tới khi
> Not until ……… Dạng đảo ngữ : không cho tới khi
17 Need to V = be necessary (for sb) to V
VD: you don’t need to send her message
It’s not necessary for you to send her message
18 Although + clause = Despite + Nound/gerund
19 S + be + adj = S + V + O
20 S + be accustomed to + Ving = S + be/get used to +Ving /N
21 S + often + V = S + be used to +Ving /N
Trang 3-> Nana often cried when she meets with difficulties.
= Nana is used to crying when she meets with difficulties
22 This is the first time + S + have + PII = S+be(past) + not used to + Ving/N
-> This is the first time I have seen so many people crying at the end of the movie
I was not used to seeing so many people crying at the end of the movie
23 S + would prefer = S + would rather S + Past subjunctive (lối cầu khẩn)
24 S + like sth/doing sth better than sth/doing sth = S + would rather + V + than + V = S + prefer sth/doing sth
to sth/doing sth
-> I prefer going shoping to playing volleyball
I would rather go shoping than play volleyball
26 S + be + Adj = S + find + it (unreal objective) + adj + to + V
e.g: Learning Maths is difficult for me
I find it difficult to learn Maths
27 It’s one’s duty to do sth = S + be + supposed to do sth
It’s your duty to clean the kitchen= You are supposed to clean the kitchen
28 S + be + PII + to + V = S + be + supposed to do sth
29 Imperative verb (mệnh lệnh)= S + should (not) + be + PII
Don’t read this book = This book shouldn’t be read
30 Imperative verb (mệnh lệnh)= S + should (not) + do sth
Don’t open the door = You shouldn’t open the door
31 S + like sth/doing sth = S + be + fond of/ keen on/ interested in + sth/ doing sth
-> I like do collecting stamps = I'm fond of collecting stamps
32 S + let + O + do sth = S + allow + S.O + to do Sth
-> My boss let him be on leave for wedding
=My boss allowed him to be on leave for wedding
33 S + once + past verb = S + would to + do sth.
34 S + present verb (negative) any more = S + would to + do sth.
Trang 435 S + V + because + S + V = S + V + to + infinitive
-> She studies hard because she wants to pass the final examination
She studies hard to pass the final examination
36 S + V + so that/ in order that+ S + V = S + V + to + infinitive
37 To infinitive or gerund + be + adj = It + be + adj + to + V
->To learn/Learning Maths is hard = It is hard to learn Maths
38 S + V + and + S + V = S + V + both and
39 S + V + not only + but also = S + V + both and
40 S + V + both and = S + V + not only but also
-> He translated fast and correctly.He translated not only fast but also correctly
41 S1+simple present+and+S2+simple futher =If+S1 + simple present + S2 + simple futher.
42 S1+didn’t + V1 + Because + S2 + didn’t + V2 = If Clause
43 Various facts given = Mệnh đề if thể hiện điều trái ngược thực tế.
44 S1 + V1 + if + S2 + V2(phủ định)= S1 + V1 + Unless + S2 + V2 (khẳng định)
45 S + V + O = S + be + noun + when + adj clause.
46 S + V + O = S + be + noun + where + adj clause.
47 S + V + O = S + be + noun + whom + adj clause.
48 S + V + O = S + be + noun + which + adj clause.
49 S + V + O = S + be + noun + that + adj clause.
50 S + V + if + S + V (phu dinh) = S + V + unless + S + V (khang dinh)
51 S + be + scared of sth = S + be + afraid of + sth
52 Let’s + V = S + suggest + that + S + present subjunctive
53 In my opinion = S + suggest + that + S + present subjunctive (quan điểm của tôi)
54 S + advise = S + suggest + that + S + present subjunctive
55 Why don’t you do sth? = S + suggest + that + S + present subjunctive
56 S + get + sb + to do sth = S + have + sb + do sth
-> She gets him to spend more time with her.She have him spend more time with her
Trang 557 S + aks + sb + to do sth = S + have + sb + do sth
-> Police asked him to identify the other man in the next room
Police have him identify the other man in the next room
58 S + request + sb + to do sth= S + have + sb + do sth
-> The teacher request students to learn by heart this poem
The teacher have students laern by heart this poem
59 S + want + sb + to do sth = S + have + sb + do sth
-> I want her to lend meI have her lend me
60 S + V + no + N = S + be + N-less
-> She always speaks no care She is always careless about her words
61 S + be + adj + that + S + V = S + be + adj + to + V
-> Study is necessary that you will get a good life in the future
Study is necessary to get a good life in the future
62 S + be + adj + prep = S + V + adv
Eg: My students are very good at Mathematics.-> My students study Mathematics well
63 S + remember + to do Sth = S + don’t forget + to do Sth
-> I remember to have a Maths test tomorrowI don't forget to have a Maths test tomorrow
64 It + be + adj = What + a + adj + N!
-> It was an interesting film.What an interesting film
65 S + V + adv = How + adj + S + be
-> She washes clothes quickly
How quick she is to wash clothes
66 S + be + ing-adj = S + be +ed-adj
The film is boring = I am bored with the film
67 Because + clause = Because of + noun/gerund
Because she is absent her from school -> Because of her absence from school…
Trang 6MỘT VÀI CẤU TRÚC BIẾN ĐỔI CÂU
1 too + adj + (for sb) to do st: quá ………….để cho ai làm gì
e.g: He is too young to join in this club
- He isn’t old enough to join in this club
2 so + adj + that clause: quá……… đến nỗi mà
e.g: The film is so interesting that I can watch it twice
- It is such a good film that I can watch it twice
3 be + such + a/an/x + adj + Noun that +clause quá………… đến nỗi mà
e.g: I have such lovely pictures that I have to look at them everyday
- The pictures are so lovely that I have to look at them everyday
4 be + adj + (for sb) enough to do st: đủ ……… cho ai làm gì
e.g: She isn’t intelligent enough to do that sum
- She is too stupid to do that sum
-She is so stupid that she can’t do that sum
-She is such a stupid person/girl that she can’t do that sum
5 It’s adj (for sb) to do st: làm sao để cho ai làm gì =Doing st +is+ Adj +(for sb)
e.g: It’s quite easy for me to read this book
Reading this book is quite easy for me
6 It’s | no good |no use | useless / not worth | worthless |+doing st: vô ích khi làm gì
e.g: I shouldn’t tell her the truth
- It’s no good/no use/useless/not worth/worthless telling her the truth
7 It’ s + time (for sb) to do st đã đến lúc ai đó phải làm gì = It’s + time +(that)+ S + V_ed
e.g: It’s time for me to learn harder
- It’s time I learned harder
It’s time for her to do her homework
- It is time she did her homework
8 It (takes/took) sb + time + to do st = Sb (spend/spent) + time (on) + doing st: ai đó mất bao lâu để làm gì
9 Sb (spend) + time + on st ai đó dành bao nhiêu thời gian vào cái gì
10 No sooner + MV(had) + S + V than SVO (past simple) chỉ ngay khi…thì…
- No sooner had Martin sat down than the phone rang
11 need doing st = need to be done cần được làm gì(bd)
need to do st cần phải làm gì(cd)
Trang 7I need to clean the room = The room need to be cleaned = the room need cleaning
12 It is the first/second…best time + HTHT
13
S + V (present perfect) … + time
It is + time … + since + S + V2/ed
Ex: I haven’t seen my father for one month
It is one month since I last saw my father
14
S + have / has not + V 3/ed
It is the first time + S + have / has + V 3/ed Ex: I haven’t seen that man here before
It’s the first time I have seen that man here
15 S + have / has not + V 3/ed … since (for)
S + last + V (past) … when … The last time + clause + was …
Ex: I haven’t heard him since August
The last time I heard him was in August
I haven’t seen him since I was a student
I last saw him when I was a student
16 Belong to: thuoc ve
Who does this bag belong to?= Whose is this bag?
HOMEWORK:
Trang 8I Choose the sentence A, B, C or D nearest in meaning to the one in italic.
1 Mr Brown was last seen in July 1928.
A Mr Brown has not been able to see since July 1928 B No one has seen Mr Brown since July 1928.
C Mr Brown didn’t see anyone in July 1928 D No one saw Mr Brown until July 1928.
2 She hasn’t seen her family for years.
A She didn’t see her family for a long time B It’s the last time she saw her family years ago.
C It’s years ago she has seen her family D It’s years since she last saw her family.
3 When did you begin to work here?
4 I haven’t seen my aunt for years.
5 My career as a teacher began 15 years ago.
II Rewrite the sentences:
1 They will change the date of the meeting again
The date………
2 The children liked to walk in the rain
The children enjoyed……… ……… ……… 3.My grandmother is very old She can’t work now
My grandmother is too……… … 4.The question was so difficult that no one could answer it
It was such……… 5.They will hold an international conference in Hanoi next month
An international conference……… 6.He thinks learning English is easy
He thinks it is……… 7.Who does this bicycle belong to?
Whose ………
8.We learned this lesson after a long time
It took ………
9.It was such a boring film that we left before the end
The film was ……… 10.I would like you to help me to put the chairs away
Would you mind………
11 The water was so cold that the children could not drink it
The water was not………
Trang 912.Peter is too young to see the horror film.
Peter is not………
13.Richard smoked cigarettes when he was a young man
Richard used………
14.That restautant is so dirty that no one wants to eat there
It is such………
15 After fighting the fire for 12 hours, the firemen succeed in putting it out
The firemen managed……… 16.She can’t have any more children because of her age
She is too………
17.I spent an hour doing this exercise
It took………
Trang 10ENTENCE TRANSFORMATION
1 The fox was unsuccessful in reaching the grapes.(VAIN)
→The fox tried in vain to reach the grapes.
2 The crops were badly affected by the storm (EFFECT)
→The storm had a badly effect on the crops.
3 The project received unanimous approval of the committee.(FAVOUR)
→The whole committee was/were in favour of the project.
4 The personnel officer promised him that she wouldn’t tell any one that he had been in the prison (WORD)
→The personnel officer gave him her word that she…
5 Nobody could possibly believe the story he told us (BEYOND)
→The story he told us was beyond belief
6 I had lost his phone number, so I could not contact him before (TOUCH)
→ I could not keep/get in touch with him because I had lost his phone number.
7 I enjoy being the boss of a small company (FISH)
→I enjoy being a big fish in a small pond.
8 The success of our local theater has made our city famous (MAP)
→The success of our local theater has put our city on the map.
9 She is not upset; she is only pretending (ACT)
→She is not upset; she is only putting on an act.
10 The bank robbers escaped in a stolen car (GETAWAY)
→The bank robbers made a getaway in a stolen car.
11 As people use a lot of wood-pulp, many trees are cut down.
→The more wood-pulp is used, the more trees are cut down
12 Because of the absence of the atmosphere on the moon, the sky there is black, just as in space.
→Because there is no atmosphere on the moon, the sky…
13 These young men became doctors after six years training.
→After these young men had been trained for six years, the became doctors
14 People believe that the Chinese invented paper in 105 A.D
→Paper is believed to have been invented by the Chinese in 105 A.D.
15 A man I don’t know told me about that.
→I was told about that by a man I don’t know.
16 That was a silly thing to say!
→What a silly thing to say!
17 We’ve run out of petrol.
→There is no more petrol left.
18 It takes six hours to drive from here to London.
→It is a six hour drive from here to London.
19 He was sorry he hadn’t said goodbye to her at the airport.
→He regretted not saying goodbye to her at the airport.
20 They failed to find out a solution to the problem.
→They didn’t succeed in finding out a …
21 Most stores will accept a credit card instead of cash (ALTERNATIVE)
→Most stores will accept a credit card as an alternative to cash.