Tiêu chuẩn iso 12217 3 2015

3.2.3 downfloo ing angle ϕ D angle of he l at w hich the downflo ding o enings a art from those ex clu ed in 6.3.1.5 be ome imme sed, w hen the b at is in calm wat er an in thea pro riat

Smal craft — Stability and buoyancy

Part 3:

Petits n vire s — Év lu tion et caté orisation de la sta ilité et de la

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© ISO 201 , P blshed in Sw itz rlan

A ll rig hts r eserved Unles otherw ise spe ified, nopar of this p blc tion ma y be r epr od c d or utilz d otherw ise in an form

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written permis ion Permis ion c n be req esed from either ISO at the ad r es below or ISO’s member bod y in the c u try of

F reword v

Introduction vii

1 Sc ope 1

2 Nor mati ve r eferenc es 2

3 Terms an definitio s 2

3.1 Primary 2

3.2 Downflo ding 4

3.3 Condition an mas 5

3.4 Othe definitions 7

4 Symbols 9

5 Proc ed re .10

5.1 Max imum lo d 1

5.2 Sai ng or non-sai ng 1

5.3 Tes s to be a pled 1

5.3.1 General 1

5.4 A lte natives 1

5.5 Variation in input par amete s 1

6 Tests to be appl ed to no -saiing boats 12

6.1 General 1

6.2 Ha itable non-sai ng multih l b at 1

6.3 Downflo ding 1

6.3.1 Req ir ement for downflo ding o ening s 1

6.3.2 Downflo ding height with max imum lo d 1

6.3.3 Downflo ding height — outb ar d b at when s arting 1

6.4 Re es siz 1

6.4.1 A pplcation 1

6.4.2 Simplfied methods 1

6.4.3 Dir ect calculation method 2

6.5 Ofset-lo d tes

2 6.5.1 General 2

6.5.2 Simplfied proc d r e for ofset-lo d tes 2

6.5.3 Ful pr oc d r e for ofset lo d-tes 24

6.5.4 Pr oc d re for g unwale lo d tes 2

6.6 He l d e to win action 2

6.6.1 General 2

6.6.2 C lculation 2

6.6.3 Req ir ement 2

6.7 Level flotation tes 2

6.8 Basic flotation tes 2

6.9 Ca siz -r eco e y tes 2

6.1 Dete tion an r emo al of wate 2

7 Tests to be appl ed to sai ing boats .29 7.1 General 2

7.2 Downflo ding 3

7.3 Re es siz 3

7.4 Flotation tes s 3

7.4.1 Level flotation tes 3

7.4.2 Basic flotation tes 3

7.5 Ca siz -r eco e y tes 3

7.6 K nock own r eco e y tes 3

7.7 Win s ifnes tes 3

7.7.2 Practical tes 3

7.7.3 C mplanc b calculation 34

7.7.4 Req ir ements 3

7.8 Inve ted buo ancy 3

8 S fety sig ns 37 9 A pplcatio 37 9.1 De iding the desig n categ ory 3

9.2 Meaning of the desig n categ ories .3

A nne x A (normative) F l metho for req ired downflo ding heig ht 38 A nne x B (normative) Methods for calculating downflo ding angle 41

A nne x C (normative) Metho for flotatio tests 43

A nne x D (normative) Flotation mater ial an elements 48

A nne x E (normative) Calculatio metho for basic flotation r eq irement 50

A nne x F (normative)Infor matio for owner’s manual 52

A nne x G (informative) Summar y of requirements .57

A nne x H (informative)Wor kshe ts 59

A nne x I (informative)I lustratio of rec es retention level 76

Biblog raph y 77

ISO (he Int ernational Org nization for Stan ardization) is a worldwide fede ation of national s an ards

b dies (ISO membe b dies) The work of pr p ring Int ernational Standards is normaly car ied out

through ISO t ech ical committ ees Each membe b dy int er st ed in a subje t for w hich a t ech ical

committ ee has be n es a l shed has the right t o be r pr sent ed on that committ ee Int ernational

org nizations, g ove nmental an non-g ove nmental, in laison with ISO, also take part in the work

ISO cola orat es closely with the Int ernational Ele trot ech ical C mmis ion (IEC) on al matt ers of

ele trot ech ical s an ardization

The proc d r s used t o develo this document an those int en ed for it furthe maint enanc ar

desc ibed in the ISO/IEC Dir ctives, Part 1 In p rticular the dife ent a pro al c it eria ne ded for the

dife ent ty es of ISO document should be not ed This document was draft ed in ac ordanc with the

edit orial rules of the ISO/IEC Dir ctives, Part 2 ( e www.iso.org dir ctives)

A tt ention is drawn t o the p s ibi ity that ome of the element of this document ma be the subje t of

p t ent right ISO shal not be held r sponsible for identifying any or al such pat ent right Detais of

any p t ent right identif ied d ring the develo ment of the document wi be in the Introd ction an / r

on the ISO ls of p t ent de larations r c ived ( e www.iso.org p t ent )

Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenienc of use s an does not

cons itut e an en orsement

F or an ex lanation on the meaning of ISO spe if ic t erms an ex r s ions r lat ed t o conformity

as es ment, as wel as information a out ISO’ s adhe enc t o the WTO principles in the Te h ical

Bar ie s t o Trade (TBT) se the fol owing URL: F or word - Sup lementary information

The committ ee r sp nsible for this document is ISO/TC1 8, Smal c ra t

This third edition canc ls an r plac s the se on edition (ISO 1 2 7-3:2 1 ), of w hich it cons itut es a

minor r vision It incorporat es the fol owing modifications:

— Introd ction an Cla use 9.2: the r fe enc to the E ro ean Dir ctive has be n updated ( 20 3 /53 /EU);

inconsist encies

— Biblo ra hy:r fe enc t o ISO 7 1 has be n ad ed;

— Edit orial an c os -r fe encing cor e tions ha e be n made t o definitions 3.2.2 an 3.2.3 an t o

ISO 1 2 7 consis s of the folowing p rt , un e the g ene al title Smal c ra t — Sta i t y a d b o a cy

as ses s ment a d c ateg ri zation:

— Part 1: No -s ai n b at o h l len th gr ate th n or eq al to 6 m

— Part 2 : S i n b at o h l len th gr ate th n or eq al to 6 m

— Part 3 : B oat o h l len th les s th n 6 m

This p rt of ISO 1 2 7 ena les the det ermination of the lmiting environmental conditions t o be

det ermined for w hich an in ivid al b at has be n designed

It ena les the b at t o be as igned t o a design cat eg ory a pro riat e t o it design an ma imum lo d

The design cat eg ories used al gn with those in the R ec eational Craf Dir ctive of the Euro ean Union,

EU Dir ctive 2 1 / 3 EU

of ISO 1 2 7

Smal craft — Stability and buoyancy assessment and

Part 3:

CAUTION — Compl ance with this part of ISO 1221 7 d es n t guarantee total safety or total

fre dom of risk from capsize or sinking

IMPORTANT — The electronic fi e of this document co tains colo r w hich are co sidered to be

useful for the cor ect un er tanding of the document User sho ld therefore co side printing

this document using a colo r printer

This p rt ofISO 1 2 7 spe ifies methods for v aluating the s a i ty an buoy ancy of inta ct ( i.e u damaged)

b at The flotation chara cteris ics of c af susc ptible to sw amping ar also encomp s ed

The ev luation of s a i ty an buo ancy pro e ties using this p rt ofISO 1 2 7 wi ena le the b at t o

be as igned t o a design cat eg ory (C or D )a pro riat e t o it design an ma imum lo d

This p rt of ISO 1 2 7 is a plca le t o b at of h l length les than 6 m, w hethe pro eled b h man

or me hanical p we , ex cept ha ita le sai ng multih ls Bo t of h l length les than 6 m w hich ar

f itt ed with a ful de k an q ick-draining cockpit (s) complying with ISO 1 8 2 ma alt ernatively be

as es ed using ISO 1 2 7-1 or ISO 1 2 7- 2 (for non-sai ing and sai ng b at , r spe tively), in w hich

case highe design cat eg ories ma beas igned

In r lation t o ha ita le multih l s, this p rt of ISO 1 2 7 inclu es as es ment of susc ptibi ity t o

inve sion, def inition of via le means of esca e an r q ir ment for inve t ed flotation

This part of ISO 1 2 7 ex clu es:

— inflata le an rigid-inflata le b at co e ed b ISO 618 , ex cept for r fe enc smade in ISO 618 t o

— surfbo rds, inclu ing p we ed surfb ards;

— hydrofoi s, foi s a i iz d b at an hover raf w hen not o e ating in thedisplac ment mode; an

— subme sibles

NOTE Displacement mode me ns that the b at is only su ported by hydrostatic for es

It does not inclu e or ev luat e the efe t on s a i ity of t owing, fishing, dr dging or lf ing o e ations,

w hich ne d t o be separat ely conside ed if a pro riat e

2 Normati ve referenc es

The folowing document , in w hole or in p rt, ar normatively r fe enc d in this document an ar

in ispensa le for it a pl cation F or dat ed r fe enc s, only the edition cit ed a pl es F or u dat ed

r fe enc s, the lat es edition of the r fe enc d document ( inclu ing any amen ment )a pl es

ISO 2 9 :2 0 , Rigid c elular plas tic s — Dete min tio o wate a s orptio

ISO 3 64-1, Gra hic al sy mb ls — S fet y c olo rs a d s afet y s ig s — Part 1: Des ig princ iples fr s afet y

s ig s a d s afet y markin s

ISO 86 6, Smal c ra t — Princ ip l data

ISO 90 3-1, Smal c ra t — Seac ock s a d thro g -h l fit in s — Part 1: Metal c

ISO 90 3- 2, Smal c ra t — Seac ock s a d thro g -h l fittin s — Part 2 : No -metal c

ISO 1 240, Smal c ra t — Ow ne ’s ma u l

ISO 1 8 2, Smal c ra t — Watertig t c ockpits a d q ick-drainin c ockpits

ISO 1 2 6, Smal c ra t — Windows, p rtlights, h tches, deadlg ts a d do rs — Str n th a d

watertig tnes s r q ir ments

ISO 1 2 7-1:2 1 , Smal c ra t — Sta i t y a d b o a cy as ses s ment a d c ateg ri zatio — Part 1: No

-s ai n b ats o h l len th gr ate th n or eq al to 6 m

ISO 1 2 7- 2:2 1 , Smal c ra t — Sta i t y a d b o a cy as ses s ment a d c ateg ri zatio — Part 2 : S i n

b ats o h l len th gr ate th n or eq al to 6 m

ISO 14946, Smal c ra t — Max imum lo d c ap c it y

ISO 1 08 , Smal c rat — B ilge -p mpin sys tems

ISO 1 08 , Smal c rat — Ma -o e b ard pr ventio  a d r c ove y

3 Terms and definitions

F or the purposes of this document, the fol owing t erms and def initionsa ply

NOTE The me nings of certain symb ls used in the def initions are given in Clause 4

volume o en to the air that might r tain wate within the range of lo ding con itions an

cor esp n ing trims

E AMP E Cock its, wels, open volumes or are s b u ded by bulwarks or co mings

Not e 1 to entry: Ca ins, shelter or locker provided with closures ac ording to the req irements of ISO 1 2 6

are not reces es

Not e 2 t o entry: Cock its that are open af to the se are considered to b reces es Flush decks without bulwarks

or co mings are not reces es

quick-draining reces

r c s fulfil ing al the r q ir ment of ISO 1 8 2 for “q ick-draining cockpit an r c s es”

Note 1t o entry: ISO 1 8 2 contains req irements with which most sailing dinghies can ot comply

Note 2t o entry: A ccording to its characteristic , a cock it may b considered t o b q ick-draining for one design

cat eg ry, but not or a higher cate ory

3.1.4

watertight reces

r c s fulfil ing al the r q ir ment of ISO 1 8 2 for “wat ertight cockpit an r c s es”

Note 1 t o entry: This term only implies req irements in respect of watertightnes an sil heights, but not those

for draina e

3.1.5

ful y enclosed boat

b at in w hich the horizontal proje tion of the she rl ne ar a comprises any combination of:

— wat ertight de k and supe s ructur , an / r

— q ick-draining r c s escomplying with ISO 1 8 2, an / r

— wat ertight r c s es complying with ISO 1 8 2 with a combined v lume of les than (L

HB

H

F )/40,

an

al closing a pl anc s ha ing their degr e of wat ertightnes in ac ordanc with ISO 1 2 6

Note 1 t o entry: The size of reces es permit ed for some b ats of design cat eg ry C is restricted by the

req irements of 6.4

3.1.6

partial y protected boat

b at w hich doesnot fulf il the definition of a fuly-enclosed bo t an in w hich the plan proje t ed ar a of

de king, ca ins, shelt ers, out bo rd engine wel s or othe rigid covers w hich ar wat ertight from a o e

ac ording t o ISO 1 2 6an w hich immediat ely shed wat er dir ctly o e b ard ( i.e not via drains)an

— comprisesat leas one-third of the plan proje t ed ar a of the she rl ne, an

— inclu es al the ar a within L / from the b w, an

— inclu es at leas 1 0mm inbo rd from the she rlne,

ex cept hat the ar a of any wat ertight r c s es with a t otal v lume of les than (L

HB

HF

M)/40 ma shed

wat er via drains

Note 1t o entry: T is is ilustrat ed in Figure 1

Note 2t o entry: Outb ard engine wel s are considered to provide a covering suita le for this p rpose

1 r eces ar ea open fr om a ove (les than two-thir ds of the total she rline ar ea)

2 she r line

3 open shelter or enclosed ca in

Figure 1 — Partialy protected b at

3.1 7

habitable boat

b at ha ing a fuly enclosed ca in with rigid ro f f itt ed with one or mor bun s, benches,

pipe ot , hammocksor simi ar locations that can be used for sle ping w hen the b at is u de wa

Not e 1 t o entry: A b at is considered t o b “ha ita le” if a fa ric closure is used inst ead of a rigid do r, or the

ca in has fa ric sides

Not e 2t o entry: T e folowing are not considered t o ren er a b at “ha ita le” :

— a cock it ent, or

— an open-sided cu d inten ed t o provide limited protection from spray, provided it is not f itt ed with fa ric

closures al rou d

Not e 3 t o entry: Locations used for sle ping have minimum dimensions of 1,5 m dia onal length, 0,4 m width

at he widest point, an with a minimum he dro m of 0,4 m over the length The ca in sole an compartments

designated by the builder t o b used ex clusively for st ora e an referenced in the owner’ s man al are not inclu ed

3.2 Dow nflooding

3.2.1

downfloo ing o ening

any o ening in the h l or de k ( inclu ing the edg e of a r c s ) that might admit wat er int o the int erior

or bi g e of a bo t, or a r c s , a art from those ex clu ed in 6.3.1.5

downfloo ing height

h

smales height a o e the wat erl ne t o any downflo ding o ening (a art from those ex clu ed in

downflo ding p int w hich might be within pipes or d ct inside the h l

Note 1t o entry: Downflo ding height is e pres ed in metres

3.2.3

downfloo ing angle

ϕ

D

angle of he l at w hich the downflo ding o enings (a art from those ex clu ed in 6.3.1.5) be ome

imme sed, w hen the b at is in calm wat er an in thea pro riat e lo ding con ition at design trim

Note 1t o entry: Downflo ding angle may b determined using either of the methods in An e B

Note 2 to entry: Where openings are not symmetrical a out he centreline of the b at, the case resulting in the

smal est angle is used

Note 3t o entry: Downflo ding angle is e pres ed in de re s

3.3 Condition and mas

3.3.1

empty c af co ditio

empty b at inclu ing f it ings an eq ipment as l st ed below but ex clu ing al o tional eq ipment an

fit ings not inclu ed in the man factur r’ s b sic outfit:

a) s ructur : comprising al the s ructural part , inclu ing any f ix ed b l as ke l an / r dro

keel/c ntr b ard/da g erb ard( ) an ru de ( );

b) balas : any f ix ed b l as ins aled;

c) int ernal s ructur an ac ommodation: bulkheads an p rtitions, insulation, lning, bui t-in

furnitur , flotation mat erial, win ow s, hat ches and do rs, pe manently ins aled mat r s es an

upholst ery mat erials;

d) pe manently ins aled engine( ) an fuel sy st em: comprising inb ard engine(), inclu ing al sup les

an controls as ne ded for their o e ation, pe manently ins aled fuel sy st ems, inclu ing tan s;

e) fluids in pe manently ins aled sy st ems: r sid al working fluids as ne ded for their o e ation ( e

ex mplesbelow), but ex clu ing cont ent of fluid b l as sy st ems an tan s, an main st orag e tan s

w hich ar inclu ed in ma imum lo d;

E AMP ES fluids in hot or cold wat er, fuel,lubricating or hydraulic oil syst ems

f) int ernal eq ipment: inclu ing:

— al it ems of eq ipment pe manently at ached t o the c af, e.g tan s, t oi et sy st em(), wat er

trans e eq ipment ;

— big e pumping sy st em( ), co king an heating devic s, co lng eq ipment, venti ation sy st em();

— ele trical ins al ation an eq ipment, inclu ing pe manently ins aled batt eriesmou t ed in the

p sition int en ed b the buide ;

— fix ed na ig tional an ele tronic eq ipmen

— fix ed fir fighting eq ipment, w he e f itt ed;

g) ext ernal eq ipment: inclu ing:

— al pe manently at ached s an ard or spe if ied de k fit ings, e.g guardrai s, pulpit an

pushpit , b w sprit and their at achment , b thing platorms, b arding lad e s, st ee ing

eq ipment, winches, spray ho d( );

— awning( ), cockpit ta les, gratings, signal mast (s), w he e f itt ed;

— mast (s), b om( ), s an ing an ru ning rig ing, in the st owed p sition r ady for use; al s an ing

an ru ning rig ing in plac ;

Not e 1t o entry: T e mas in the empty c af con ition is denoted by m

E

an is e pres ed in kilo rams

3.3.2

l ght c af co ditio

empty c af con ition plus s andard eq ipment (3.4.1 ) plus r mo a le b l as (w hethe sold or

lq id) w hen sup led an / r int en ed b the man factur r t o be car ied w hen the b at is aflo t, with

element p sitioned as folow s:

a) w he e pro ision is made for pro ulsion b out bo rd engine( ) of mor than 3 kW, the hea ies

engine( ) r commen ed for the b at b the man factur r, mou t ed in the working position( );

b) w he e b tt eries ar f itt ed, they ar mou t ed in the p sition int en ed b the buide , and if the e

is no spe if ic st owag e pro ided for b tt eries, the mas of one b tt ery for each engine over 7 k W is

alowed for, an locat ed within 1,0 m of the engine location;

c) al upwin sai s sup led or r commended b the bui de as s an ard, onb ard an rigg ed r ady

for use, but not hoist ed, e.g mainsai on b om, role furlng sai s furled, hanked for sai s on s a

st owed on for de k

Not e 1t o entry: For the minimum mas of outb ard engines an b tt eries, refer t o Ta les C.1an C.2

Note 2to entry: T e mas in the light c af con ition is denot ed by m

L

an is e pres ed in kilo rams

3.3.3

maximum load

gr at es lo d w hich the b at is designed t o car y in ad ition t o the l ght c af condition, comprising:

— thec ew l mit at 7 kg each (ad lt) or 3 ,5 kg (chid);

— thepe sonal efe t of the c ew;

— st or san carg o ( if any), dry pro isions, consuma le l q ids;

— cont ent of al pe manently ins aled st orag e tanks f il ed t o 9 % of their ma imum ca acity,

inclu ing fuel, drin ing wat er, black wat er, gr y wat er, lubricating an hydraulc oi, b it tan s

an / r lve wels plus b las wat er at 1 0 % ca acity;

— consuma le lq ids in p rta le tan s(drin ing wat er, fuel)filed t o 9 % of the ma imum ca acity;

— dinghy or othe smal c af int en ed t o be car ied a o rd, an any out bo rd mot or as ociat ed with

them;

— l fe aft (s)if car ied in ex ces of the minimum r q ir d in es ential safety eq ipmen

— non-edible st or san eq ipment normal y car ied on the b at an not inclu ed in the man factur r’ s

l s of s an ard eq ipment, e.g lo se int ernal eq ipment an t ools, spar p rt , ad itional anchors

or sai s, dinghy an out bo rd if car ied a o rd;

— an alowanc for the ma imum mas of o tional eq ipment an fit ings not inclu ed in the

man factur r’ s b sic outf it

Not e 1t o entry: Liferaf s are not inclu ed in es ential safety eq ipment for Cate ories C an D

Note 2t o entry: As a guide, not les than 2 kg per on should b alowed for per onal efects on ha ita le b ats

Note 3t o entry: As a guide, the mas of yachting liferafs varies from ap ro imately 1 + 2C (kg)t o double this,

ac ording t o specif ication

Note 4 to entry: T e mas of ma imum lo d is denot ed by m

L

an is e pres ed in kilo rams

3.3.4

maximum load con ition

b at in the lght c af con ition with the ma imum lo d ad ed so as t o prod c the design trim

Note 1t o entry: T e mas in the ma imum lo d con ition is denot ed by m

LDC

an is e pres ed in kilo rams

3.3.5

loaded ar ival co ditio

b at in the ma imum lo d condition min s 8 % of the ma imum ca acity of f ix ed or porta le st orag e

tan s for fuel, oi s an drin ing wat er, an min s 9 % of edible st or s, but inclu ing the wors

combination of o tional fit ings or eq ipment with r spe t t o s a i ity

Note 1t o entry: In this con ition, tan s have 1 % of their ma imum capacity remaining

Note 2t o entry: T e mas in the lo ded ar ival con ition is denoted by m

ma imum n mbe of pe sons (with a mas of 7 kg each) used w hen as es ing the design cat eg ory

Note 1t o entry: A half n mb r denotes a child weighing les than 37,5 kg

3.4.3

design trim

longitu inal at itu e of a b at w hen upright, with c ew, fluids, st or s an eq ipment in the p sitions

designat ed b the designe or bui de

Note 1 to entry: Crew are as umed t o b in positions designated by the builder In the a sence of builder’ s

instructions, c ew an g ar are as umed to b positioned in a man er most likely to provide a favoura le test

result, provided that such positions are consistent with the proper operation of the b at an that c ew are

as umed to b either stan ing at designated positions f itt ed with han holds, or se ted

3.4.4

es ential safety eq ipment

lo se eq ipment conside ed es ential t o the safe o e ation of the b at, w hich ma inclu e dis r s flar s

an rocket , l febuo with lght an b tt ery, f irs aid b x, wir cutt ers for s an ing rig ing, lfejacket ,

safety harnes es an l nes, p rta le f ir f ighting eq ipment, flashlght, binoculars, radio (e.g VHF), b l

an cone visual signals, chart an na ig tional publcations in the cor esp nding design cat eg ory

Note 1t o entry: Quantities car ied may vary ac ording t o the size of b at, design cate ory an c ew limit

Note 2 t o entry: As a guide, the mas alowed for es ential safety eq ipment but ex clu ing an liferaf (s) should

not b les than 3

H(kg)

Note 3t o entry: Liferaf s are not considered to b es ential safety eq ipment in design cate ories C an D

low density material

mat erial with a spe ific gra ity of les than 1,0 primari y incorp rat ed int o the b at t o enhanc the

buo ancy w hen swamped

3.4.5.4

rib colar

hea y d ty tubular col ar fitt ed arou d the pe iphe y of the b at an alway s int en ed t o be inflat ed

w heneve the b at is being used

3.4.5.5

inflated ba

b g made of flexible mat erial, not int egral with h l or de k, ac es ible for visual inspe tion an

int en ed alway s t o be inflat ed w hen the b at isbeing used

Not e 1 t o entry: Ba s int en ed to b inflated aut omaticaly when immer ed (e.g at he masthe d as a me ns to

prevent inver ion)are not re arded as flotation elements

3.4.6

length of h l

L

length of the h l measur d ac ording t o ISO 86 6

Not e 1t o entry: Length of h l is e pres ed in metres

3.4 7

loaded water line

wat erlne of the b at w hen upright in the ma imum lo d con ition

3.4.8

reference sai are

A

S

actual profile ar a of sai s set a af a mas , plus the ma imum prof ile ar a of al mas s, plus r fe enc

triangle ar a( ) forward of each mas as def ined in ISO 8 6

Not e 1t o entry: S il are is e pres ed in sq are metres

3.4 9

reces retention level

level of wat er in r c s es, w hen the b at is at design trim, at w hich 2 % of theup e mos pe iphe y of

the sur ou ding co ming (measur d in horizontal plane p ralel t o wat erl ne at design trim) would be

co e ed b wat er, as uming that al g t es, do rs or drainag e o enings ar conside ed t o be sealed

Not e 1t o entry: T is def inition is il ustrat ed in An e I

standard equipment

devic s inclu ing out bo rd mot ors (ex clu ing those for t en e s), lo se furnitur an furnishings such as

ta les, chairs, non-pe manently ins aled mat r s es, curtains, et c p rta le bi g e pumping eq ipment,

anchors, chain, warps, sais, lo se ext ernal eq ipment such as fen e s, b atho k an b arding lad e ,

o rs ( if a pro riat e), an es ential safety eq ipment

Note 1 to entry: Where outb ard engine(s) are f it ed, the he viest engine(s) recommen ed for the b at by the

man facturer is(are) inclu ed, the mas alowed for out bo rd engines an their b t eries (if not permanently

instal ed)not b ing les than that given in columns 1an 3 of Ta les C.1 an C.2

Note 2 to entry: As a guide, the mas alowed for anchor , anchor chain, warps an fen er should not b les

than a out 0,2 L

H2,2

(kg) In some cases u to double this mas may b ap ropriate

3.4.1

watertightnes de re

degr e of wat ertightnes asspe if ied in ISO 1 8 2an ISO 1 2 6

Note 1t o entry: T e de re of watertightnes is summarized as fol ows

De re 1: De re of tightnes providing protection a ainst efects of contin ous immer ion in water

De re 2: De re of tightnes providing protection a ainst efects of temporary immer ion in water

De re 3: De re of tightnes providing protection a ainst splashing water

De re 4: De re of tightnes providing protection a ainst water drops fal ing at an angle of u t o 1 ° from

proje t ed prof ile ar a of h l, supe s ructur s, de k ouses, out bo rd mot ors an sp rs a o e the

wat erlne at thea pro riat e lo ding con ition, the b at being upright

Note 1 t o entry: Canopies an s re ns that can b erected when u der way in b d weather are inclu ed, e.g

angle of he l near s theupright othe than upright)in the a pro riat e lo ding con ition at w hich the

transve se s a i ity righting moment is z ro;det ermined as uming that the e is no ofset lo d, an that

al p t ential downflo ding o enings ar as umed t o be wat ertight

Note 1 to entry: Where a b at has reces es which are not q ick-draining, ϕ

V

is t o b taken as the downflo ding

angle to these reces es, u les the los of buoyancy d e to such reces es is fuly ac ou ted for in det ermining ϕ

V

Note 2t o entry: Angle of vanishing sta ility is e pres ed in de re s

Win a e are of h l in prof ile at the ap ropriat e lo ding con ition, se 3.4.1

A

S

m2

R eference sail are , se 3.4.8

A′

S

m2

Stan ard sail are , se 7.7.2.4

Be m waterline ac ording to ISO 86 6 on the lo ded waterline In the case of multi

h l s, this is the sum of the ma imum wat erline b am of e ch of the h l s

C — Crew limit ac ording t o 3.4.2

F m Fre b ard amidships to the lo ded waterline ac ording to ISO 86 6

h m A ctual downflo ding height me sured ac ording to 3.2.2an 6.3.2

5.1 Max imum load

De ide on the c ew lmit an the ma imum lo d that the b at is int en ed t o car y in ac ordanc with

the definitions The c ew l mit shal not ex ce d that det ermined b the seating or s an ing sp c

r q ir ment of ISO 14946

IMPORTANT — E sure that the maximum load is not underestimated

NOTE If a b at is as es ed with diferent amou ts of ma imum lo d, diferent design cate ories may b

as igned ac ording to the lo d

5.2 S i ing or non-sai ing

Det ermine w hethe the b at is sai ng or non-sai ng Non-sai ng b at ar those w he e

A

S

< 0,0 × (m

LDC)

Al othe b at ar sai ng b at Ta le 2 gives v lues of r fe enc sai ar a for dife ent ma imum lo d

con ition mas es

Table 2 — Minimum reference sai are for sai ing boats

5.3.1.1 Non-sai ng b at shal be as es ed using Clause 6 an 5.3.1.2 (if a pr opriate)

Sai ing b at othe than ha ita le multih l s shal be as es ed using Cla use 7 Ha ita le multih l

sai ng b at shal be as es ed using ISO 1 2 7- 2 F or ha ita le non-sai ing multih l s se 6.2below

NOTE 1 A ha ita le b at is def ined in 3.1.7

NOT 2 For an giv en test, the req irements may vary ac ording to the chosen option, e.g for

downflo ding height

5.3.1.2 If a sai ng b at can also be used as a non-sai ng b a e.g with o rs or eng ine, it shal also

g eneraly be as es ed as a non-sai ng b a se also 7.1 The desig n categ ory finaly g iven is that for

which the b at satis ies al the r elev nt r eq irement S e A nnex G

NOTE 1 Bo ts may b given diferent c ew limits an / r design cate ories ac ording to whether they are

b ing used as sailing or non-sailing b ats

NOTE 2 A tt ention is drawn to option 3 in Ta le 3, which may b ap ropriat e in some cases

5.3.1.3 Ifa sai ng b at also used as a non-sai ng b at has be n as es ed using o tions 7, 8 or 9 of

Ta le 7, if it is u a le to p s an y non-sai tes then the b at is de med to be ac epta le ifthe safety sign

given in Figure 8 is displa yed in a prominent p sition When this sign is fited, it shal comply with Clause 8

5.4 A lternati ves

If the b at does not r ach the desir d design cat eg ory, modify the ma imum lo d an / r the n mbe of

c ew an r peat the as es ment

Bo t w hich ar fuly enclosed ma alt ernatively be as es ed using ISO 1 2 7-1 or ISO 1 2 7- 2, for

non-sai ng an sai ing bo t r spe tively, in w hich case they ma be a le t o at ain design cat eg ory A or B

5.5 Var iation in input parameter

Use s of this p rt of ISO 1 2 7 shal conside the efe t on compl anc of v riations in the empty c af

mas within the bui de ’s man facturing t ole anc s

6 Tests to be appl ed to non-sai ing boats

Non-sai ing b at ma be as es ed b any one of six o tions ac ording t o length of h l, amou t of

flotation an de king, an w hethe the b at is fitt ed with suita le r c s es complying with ISO 1 8 2

These o tions an the cor espon ing t es s t o be a pled ar given in Ta le 3

NOT For an giv en test, the req irements may vary ac ording to the chosen option, e.g for

downflo ding height

The design cat eg ory finaly given in r spe t ofs a i ity an buo ancy is that for w hich the b at atisf ies

al the r lev nt r q ir ment

Fuly enclosed b at ma alt ernatively be as es ed using ISO 1 2 7-1, in w hich case highe design

cat eg ories ma be as igned

Whe e b at ar f itt ed with a b w lo ding ramp then eithe the b w ramp mus be wat ertight t o

Table 3 — Tests to be appled to no -sai ing b ats

Ap lica le t o engine power of

6.6g

6.2 Habitable non-sai ing multihul boats

6.2.1 Ha ita le non-sai ng multih l b at , if consider ed to be susc ptible to inve sion when used in

their desig n categ ory, in ad ition to Clause 6 shal also comply w ith:

a) ther q ir ment for inve t ed buo ancy given in ISO 1 2 7- 2:2 1 , 7.1 , an

b) ther q ir ment for esca e aft er inversion given in ISO 1 2 7- 2:2 1 , 7.1

NOTE A ha ita le b at is def ined in 3.1.7

6.2.2 Bo ts ofdesig n categ ory C ar e considered to be susc ptible to inve sion if:

is the v lume of displac ment in the lght c af con ition, in cubic metr s

6.2.3 Bo ts of design categ ry D ar e consider ed not to be susc ptible to inve sion if t hey comply

w ith 6.5 an 6.6

6.3 Downflooding

NOTE T ese req irements are t o ensure that a level of watertight inte rity ap ropriat e to the design

cat eg ry is maintained

6.3.1 Requirements for d w nflo ding o ening s

6.3.1.1 A ll closing a planc s (as defined in ISO 12 1 ) such aswin ows, p rtlig ht , hatches, deadlg ht

and do rs shal comply with ISO 1 2 6, ac or ding to desig n categ ory an a planc location ar ea

Openings t o c ntr bo rd or dro keel casings f itt ed t o ha ita le sai ing b at shal comply with

wat ertightnes degr e 3 if their height is les than that cor espon ing t o Ar a I

6.3.1.2 No hatches or o ening type win ows shal be fited in the h l with the lowes part of the

o ening les than 0,2 m (desig n categ ory C) or 0,1 m (desig n categ ory D) a o e the lo ded water line,

exc pt for emer g ency esca e hatches on desig n categ ory C b ats, where 0,1 m isalowa le

6.3.1.3 S acocks complying with ISO 90 3-1 an ISO 9 93-2, r espe tively, tog ethe with means of

pr eventing flow into the b at when the seacock is o en shal be fited to thr oug h-h l pipe fitting s located

with any p rt of the o ening below eithe the he led or upright water line when fuly lo ded, a art fr om:

a) engine exhaus s, or

b) drains forming an int egral part of the h l an of eq al s r ngth an tightnes ext en ing from the

outlet t o a o e the fuly lo ded upright wat erlne b at leas 0,0 m for design cat eg ory C or 0,04 m

for design cat eg ory D; an also a ove the he led wat erl ne def ined asfolow s:

1) 0° for non-sai ing b at ;

2) 7°for sai ing multih l s;or

3) 3 ° or imme sion of the she rl ne, w hicheve oc urs f irs , for monoh l sai ing b at

NOTE 1 Me ns of preventing flow int o the b at may comprise:

— a pipe or hose e ten ing a ove the he led wat erline, or

— a pipe or hose le ding to a downflo ding point a ove the he led waterline,or

— a non-return valve, or

— a pipe or hose con ected to a system that can ot lo d the interior of the b at, or

— for se cocks not con ect ed int ernaly, a permanent cap or me ns of securing the se cock in the closed position

Ins ructions for the cor e t an safe o e ation of seacocksshal be inclu ed in the owne ’ s man al

NOTE 2 Special req irements for se cocks on bilg system dis harg s are given in ISO 1 0 3

6.3.1.4 Opening s within the b a such as outb ard eng ine tru ks, fr ee-flo ding fish b it tan s or

o ening s in c ntr eb ar d casing s, shal be consider ed as p s ible downflo ding o ening s

6.3.1.5 The r equir ements g iven in 6.3.2 an 6.3.3 a ply to al downflo ding o ening s exc pt:

a) wat ertight r c s eswith a combined v lume les than (L

HB

2) ha e a combined c os -se tional ar a smale than thr e times the minimum ar a r q ir d t o

comply with ISO 1 8 2 for q ick-draining cockpit ;

c) non-o ening a planc s;

d) o ening a planc s locat ed in the t opsides w hich comply with ISO 1 2 6 w hich ar :

1) r fe enc d in the owne ’ s man al as wat ertight closur t o be kept sh t w hen un e wa , an

2) clearly marked on the inb ard side “ KE P SHUT WHEN UNDER WAY” in uppe case lett ers not

les than 4,8 mm high, an

3) p sitioned so that the lowes p rt of the o ening is a o e the lo ded wat erlne b at leas 5 %

of the minimum downflo ding height r q ir d b 6.2.2 or in the case of means of esca e fitt ed

t o ha ita le multih l s conside ed t o be susc ptible t o inve sion ( e 6.2 an 7.1) p sitioned

with the b tt om of the clear o ening not les than 0,1 m a ove the lo ded wat erl ne w hen the

b at is uprigh

e) o ening a planc s w hich ar f itt ed in a comp rtment of such r s rict ed v lume that, even if

flo ded, the b at satisfies al the r q ir ment ;

f) o ening a pl anc s locat ed othe than in the t opsides w hich comply with ISO 1 2 6 t o tightnes

degr e 2 an w hich ar r fe enc d in the owne ’s man al as being “KEE SHUT WHEN UNDER

WAY”an clearly marked as such on the a planc on the inbo rd side in up e case lett ers not les

than 4,8 mm high;

g) engine exhaus s or othe o enings that ar only conne t ed t o wat ertight sy st ems;

h) discharg e pipes f itt ed with non-r turn v lves;

i) o enings in the sides of out bo rd engine wels w hich ar of

1) wat ertightnes degr e 2 an ha ing the lowes point of downflo ding mor than 0,1 m a o e

the lo ded wat erlne, or

2) wat ertightnes degr e 3 an ha ing the lowes p int of downflo ding mor than 0,2 m a o e

the lo ded wat erlne and also a o e the t op of the transom in wa of the engine mou ting,

pro ided that wel drain holes ar f itt ed, se Figur 2, or

3) wat ertightnes degr e 4 an ha ing the lowes p int of downflo ding mor than 0,2 m a o e

the lo ded wat erlne and also a o e the t op of the transom in wa of the engine mou ting,

pro ided that wel drain holes ar fitt ed, an that the p rt of the int erior or non-q ick-draining

spac s int o w hich wat er ma be admitt ed has a length les than L / an from w hich wat er up

t o 0,2 m a o e the lo ded wat erlne cannot drain int o othe p rt of the int erior or non-q

ick-draining spac s of the b at, se Figur 2

5 non-q ick-dr aining space

Figure 2 — Openings in o tboard engine wel s

6.3.2 Downflo ding heig ht with max imum load

6.3.2.1 Test

This t es is t o demons rat e suff icient margins of fr eb ard for the b at in the ma imum lo d con ition

befor wat er is ship ed a o rd

The downflo ding height t es is not r q ir d t o be con uct ed on the folowing b at :

— those w hich, w hen t est ed in ac ordanc with C.4.3, ha e be n shown t o sup ort, in ad ition t o the

(7 C + 1 % of the dry mas of st or s and eq ipment inclu ed in thema imum t otal lo d), or

— thoseb at that do not take on wat er w hen he led t o 9 ° from the upright in the l ght c af condition

This t es shal be pe formed using peo le as desc ibed below, using t es weight t o r pr sent peo le

(at 7 kg pe pe son), or b calculation (using a l nes plan an displac ment de ived b a weighing or

measur d fr eb ards)

a) S le t a n mbe of peo le eq al t o the c ew lmit, ha ing an a e ag e mas of not les than 7 kg

b) In calm wat er, lo d the bo t with al it ems of ma imum lo d, with the peo le p sitioned so as t o

achieve the design trim

c) Measur the height from the wat erl ne t o the p int at w hich wat er could f irs begin t o ent er any

downflo ding o ening ex cept those ex clu ed in 6.3.1.5 Whe e a downflo ding o ening is fuly

prot ect ed b a highe co ming arou d the r c s from w hich it leads, the downflo ding height

shal be measur d t o the lowes p int of that co ming, se Figur B.1 Whe e an o ening in the h l

is pe manently at ached t o a wat ertight pipe or tru k rising t o a highe level within the b at, the

downflo ding height is taken t o the c itical height within that pipe or tru k

Downflo ding height t o downflo ding p int within q ick-draining or wat ertight r c s es shal be

measur d as though the folowing o enings ar closed:

— fr eing p rt fitt ed with non-r turn fla closur s w hich ar wat ertight rom the ext erior t o degr e

3of ISO 1 2 6, or

— drainsha ing a combined c os -se tional ar a smale than thr e times the minimum ar a r q ir d

t o comply with ISO 1 8 2 for q ick-draining cockpit

6.3.2.2 Req irements

a) Det ermine the design cat eg ory b comparing the measur ment with the r q ir ment for

minimum downflo ding height, as modified b b) t o f) below, using eithe

1) the method of Annex A, w hich g ene aly gives the lowes r q ir ment, or

b) F or b at as es ed using o tions 1, 3, 5 or 6, the r q ir d downflo ding height within L / of the

bow shal be inc eased asshown in Figur 4

a) Design categ ory C b) Design categ ory D

2 b sic downflo ding r eq ir ement

3 incr eased req ir ement orward

Figure 4 — Inc e se in req ired downfloo ing height — o tio s 1, 3, 5 and 6 ( e Table 3)

c) Bo t as es ed using o tions 1, 3 or 5 ar pe mitt ed a 2 % r d ction in r q ir d downflo ding

height in the wa of an out bo rd engine mounting p sition, pro ided that the width of this r d ction

is minimiz d

d) The r q ir d downflo ding height at the transom shal be r d c d b 0,0 m for b at of design

cat eg ory Cusing o tion 1, pro ided that uch b at ha e a wat ertight r c s af (e.g cockpit)

e) Bo t as es ed using Figur 3 shal be pe mit ed downflo ding o enings ha ing a combined

f) F r sai ing b at also eq ip ed for use as non-sai ing bo t , the r q ir d downflo ding height

for c ntr bo rd, dro k eel or da ger -b ard casings on the c ntr l ne shal be half of that

dete mined b a) a ov e

6.3.3 Downflo ding height — o tboar d boats when star ting

In ad ition an only a plca le t o b at with pro ision for ext ernaly mou t ed out bo rd engine( ), the

folowing r q ir ment shal be satisf ied

— When the b at is in the l ght c af con ition, with engine(s) f it ed and one pe son of not les

than 7 kg p sitioned 0,5 m forward of the engine at achment point, the leas height from the

wate l ne to the p int at which the bo t could f irs begin to ente any downflo ding o ening shal

be gr ate than 0,1 m

— The mas ofpetrol engines shal be taken from columns 1an 3 of Ta lesC.1 an C.2 as a pro riat e

t o thema imum powe r commen ed for theb at b the buide F or othe engines, the mas of the

actual engine shal be used

6.4 Rec es size

6.4.1 A pplcatio

This r q ir ment is a plca le only t o fuly enclosed b at of design cat eg ory Cfor w hich the minimum

fr eb ard t o the r c s co ming does not ex ce d L / 10 The b at shal be as es ed in the ofset-lo d

t es con ition The r q ir ment of eithe 6.4.2 or 6.4.3 shal be a pled t o r c s es ex cept hose:

a) f itt ed t o b at with an angle of v nishing s a i ity gr at er than 9 ° , or

b) w he e the depth of the r c s is les than 3 % of the ma imum br adth of the r c s o e at leas

3 % of the pe iphe y, or

E AMP E To rails, low bulwarks

c) formed b a bulwark with at leas 5 % of it ar a pro iding o e bo rd drainag e p sitioned within

thelowes 2 % of it height an w he e the height of the bulwark is les than ( he ma imum br adth

of the r c s )/ , or

d) whe e it can be shown that the u o s ructed draina e ar a from the r c s on each side of the

bo t c ntr l ne exc eds K x ( he volume of the r c s to the r c s r tention level def ined in

— 0,0 w he e the drainag e o enings ar within the lowes 2 % of the r c s depth;

— 0,1 w he e the drainag e o enings ar within the lowes 5 % of the r c s depth;

— 0,3 w he e the drainag e o enings ar the ful depth of the r c s

1) the lowe edg e of al drainag e o enings shal be not mor than 1 mm a o e r c s sole height

for at leas 7 % of the width of each o ening, an

2) w he e drainag e ar a is pro ided b an o en or p rtial y o en transom, o enings shal ext en

t o theout bo rd sides of the r c s sole on b th sides

NOTE T e are of draina e openings is e pres ed in sq are metres an the volume is e pres ed in cubic

metres

R ec s es complet ely or partialy locat ed within any third of the length mus be conside ed t o be

swamped simultaneously

Linked r c s es shal be tr at ed as being sep rat e if mor than 8 % of the v lume of each one can ot

drain int o an adjac nt l nked r c s Whe etwo r c s es ar lnked b sidede ks, thet otal o en c os

-se tional ar a lnking the forward an af r c s es mus be gr at er than (o en ar a at transom) ×

(v lume of forward r c s )/ (v lume of al lnked r c s es)

6.4.2 Simplfied methods

6.4.2.1 The percentag e los in initial metac ntric height (GM

T) d e to free-surfac efe t when the

r ec s is fi ed to the r etention level defined in 3.4.9 an the b at is in the ofset-lo d tes condition shal

be not mor e than

F) / 4

is the a e ag e of highes an lowes fr eb ard t o the wat erlne ac os forward end of r c s

Complanc with this r q ir ment ma be demons rat ed b any one of the methods given in 6.4.2.2,

Alt ernatively, the dir ct calculation method of 6.4.3 ma be used

NOTE Each method given b low is inc e singly ap ro imate, but in some cases 6.4.2.3 or 6.4.2.4 may b

slightly more ad anta e us than 6.4.2.2

6.4.2.2 The per centag e los in initial metac ntric height (GM

T) due to fr ee-surfac efe t ma y be

is these ond moment of ar a of fr e-surfac of r c s at r t ention level as defined in

4

Whe e multiple r c s es ha e t o be conside ed swamped simultaneously, SMA

RE ESshould inclu e al

such r c s es

6.4.2.3 The per centag e los in initial metac ntric heig ht (GM

T) due to fr ee-surfac efe t ma y be

es imated from:

Both se on moment of ar a ar a out the longitu inal a is through the r spe tive c ntr of ar a,

such r c s es

6.4.2.4 The per centag e los in initial metac ntric height (GM

T) d e to free-surfac efe t ma y

alte natively be estimated more a pr ox imately, an therefor e mor e conse v tively, fr om:

Whe e multiple r c s es ha e t o be conside ed swamped simultaneously, l shal be the sum of the

length of in ivid al r c s es an b shal be the ma imum v lue of any r c s esconside ed swamped at

the same time

NOTE This method is not ap lica le to multih l b ats

6.4.3 Direct calculation metho

F or non-sai ng b at , the dir ct calculation method of ISO 1 2 7-1:2 1 , 6.5.3 ma be used

F or sai ing b at , the dir ct calculation method of ISO 1 2 7- 2:2 1 , 6.3.3ma be used

6.5 Ofset- oad test

6.5.1 General

6.5.1.1 This tes is to demons rate suficient ta i ty agains ofset lo ding b the crew, for u swamped

b at If it is mor e convenient , peo le ma y be used ins ead of tes weight pr ovided that the mas of each

pe son used eq als or exc eds that of the r elev nt tes weight C lculation of stabi ty using a mas for

the b at es a lshed b measurement ma y be used ins ead of a pr actical test Tes ing shal be con ucted

in con itions of smo th wate an lg ht win s

6.5.1.2 Each b at shal be tes ed ac ording to the ofset-lo d tes using eithe the simplfied method

calculation method The simplfied method can only be a pled b calculation

If the mas in the l ght c af con ition is les than 8 0 kg, the b at shal be also be t est ed ac ording t o

the gu wale lo d t es in 6.5.4

NOTE T e simplif ied method incorporates gre ter safety margins an is most suita le for b ats with

g enerous static sta ility in relation t o the c ew limit, e.g those with a c ew limit of les than one per metre length

6.5.1.3 A ll b at shal be tes ed in the max imum lo d con ition, exc pt that b at ha ving any tan

( uel, fr esh an black wate , lve wels, ois, etc.) that has a max imum transve se dimension g r eate than

0,3 B

H

shal be tes ed with al tan s as close as practica le to 50 % ful, but neve les than 2 % or

more than 7 % ful Wher e a plcation is b calculation, r elev nt tan s shal be as umed to be 5 % ful

and fr ee-surfac efe t hal be r epr esented eithe b a virtual incr ease in the VCG or b using a compute

sofware that models the mo ement of fluid in tan s

NOTE If tan s are linked by c os -con ections that are kept open when the b at is in use, then the ma imum

transver e dimension of such tan s is me sured b tween the e tremes of the linked tan s

6.5.1.4 In gene al, b at shal be tes ed when he led to b th p r t an s arbo rd Howeve , whe e it is

clear l y evident that one direction of he l is the mos cr itical, only he l angles in this direction ne d be tes ed

E AMP E Initial list an / r lower downflo ding openings on one side an / r c ew are cle rly

asymmetrical

6.5.1.5 During the tes s, on b ats with wate tight or q ick-dr aining cockpits, wate ma y ente the

cockpit thr ough dr ains when the b at is he led d ring the test , pr ovided that his wate drainso er bo r d

when the c ntr e of g ra vity of al tes weight on b ar d are mo ed to the c ntrelne Wher e wate ente s

the b at d ring the test , the he l ang le an downflo ding height measur ements shal be recorded afe

the inflow of wate has s o ped

6.5.1.6 During the tests, the fr eeb ar d mar g in (r emaining ve tical height fr om the water line) shal be

measur ed to the p int at which wate could firs beg in to ente the inte ior or bi g e When measuring

the fr eebo r d mar g in, dow nflo ding o ening s thr oug h the to sides should also be consider ed When

making such measur ement one outb ar d eng ine wel penetr ation fitted with a sealng b ot ma y be

r egar ded as wate tight

6.5.1.7 The “ crew area” comprises the “ wor king de k” as defined b the man factur er in ac or danc

with ISO 1 0 5 plus the ar eas of al seat , bu ks, su bathing p ds, ca in soles an inte nal de ks It shal

inclu e al ar eas desig nated to be used b the cr ew when the b at is s ationary, but can exclu e ledg es

les than 0,1 m in width an ar eas exclu ed b “no ac es ”sig ns

NOTE 1 S e ISO 1 0 5:2 0 ,3.6, Not e 3 for tre tment of sloping surfaces

If the man factur r cho ses t o as es the s a i ity b ex clu ing some ar as from the “c ew ar a ” or

l miting the n mbe of peo le on any given level:

— such ar as shal be lst ed in the owne ’ s man al, an

— such ar as shal be phy sicaly marked at al clearly defined p int of ac es with “ no ac es ” or

“l mit ed ac es ” signs asi lus rat ed in Figur s 5 an 6, or

— a dia ram shal be plac d at each helm position identifying such ar as and their ac es l mitations,

shal be plac d at those p int of ac es not visible from al alt ernative helm p sitions

NOTE 2 In dinghies an open b ats, the c ew are comprises al the interior of the b at ex cept or those are s

ex clu ed by “ no ac es ” signs In dayb ats it may b restricted to the cock it provided that doing so stil permits

NOTE 3 In Figure 6 the n mb r an the location should b adjusted as ap ropriate t o the req ired restriction,

e.g co chro f, foredeck, flybridg

When such safety signsar f itt ed, they shal comply with Clause 8

2 sup lementary t ext t o r ad “ No ac es ” 2 sup lementary t ext t o r ad “ Ma N pe sons

on (location) w he e N is the r lev nt n

m-be an (location) is ex r s ed for ex mple

as “fly bridg e” or “co chro f”

2

31

4

5

Key

1 tex t stating max imum total n mb r of per ons

2 tex t stating an ac es limitations such as “Do not sit or stan ”

3 tex t stating an ac es limitations such as “Ma per ons on deck = 2”

4 tex t stating an ac es limitations such as “No r estriction ”

5 sig n W 00 “General warning ” fr om ISO 70 0

Figure 7 — Example of c ew are and ac es lmitatio sign for control positio

6.5.2 Simplfied proc edure for ofset- oad test

6.5.2.1 This method ma y only be a pled b calculation

6.5.2.2 Calculate the mas an c ntr e of g ra vity of the b at or two con itions (L 1 an L 2) as folows:

— bo t in ma imum lo d con ition ex cept for the tanks, w hich ar t o be tr at ed as desc ibed in 6.5.1.3,

an

— VCG of the c ew used shal r pr sent the ma imum n mbe pe mitt ed (at 8 kg each)on the highes

their VCG 0,1 m a o e the seat , an the ma imum n mbe of the c ew pe mitt ed (at 8 kg each) on

each suc es ively lowe part of the c ew ar a (e.g w he lhouse, main de k or cockpit), locat ed with

their VCG 0,1 m a o e the seat , u ti the t otal n mbe of pe sons eq als the int en ed c ew l mit

Whe e the e ar no seat , the VCG of c ew shal be locat ed 0,1 m a o e the surfac on w hich they

s an Whe e no pe sons l mit is s at ed b the buide , the ma imum n mbe of pe sons on each

level shal be one pe seating plac pro ided (at 5 0 mm wide) and not mor than four pe sq ar

metr of othe ar as

— (L 1) L Gof the c ew at 7 % of the ma imum o e al length of the c ew ar a (asdef ined in 6.5.1.7)

forward of it af lmit, an CG on the c ntr lne

— (L 2)L G of the c ew at 2 % of the ma imum o e al length of the c ew ar a (as def ined in 6.5.1.7)

forward of it af lmit, an CGon the c ntr lne

The ma imum o e al length of the c ew ar a is the simple longitu inal dis anc between the forward

an af extr mities of the c ew ar a The lengths of dife ent p rt should not be ad ed t og ethe

6.5.2.3 Calculatethe curve of righting moments ac or ding to A nnex E in ISO 12 1 -1:2 1

6.5.2.4 Calculate the curve of cr ew he lng moments eq al to 9 1 L(B

C/ − 0,2)cosϕ (N⋅m), wher e

B

C

is the ma imum tr ansve se distanc between the outb ar d extr emities of any p rts of the cr ew ar ea

as defined in 6.5.1.7, an ϕ is the he l ang le W her e the cr ew ar ea includes side de ks les than 0,4 m

w ide, the moment used shal be 480 L B

Ccosϕ (N⋅m) Ledges les than 0,1 m w ide ma y be exclu ed

fr om the cr ew ar ea

6.5.2.5 Plot rig hting moment an he lng moments on the same g raph The b at satis ies the tes if:

— at the point of int erse tion of these curves the minimum he led fr eb ard margin befor

downflo ding is not les than r q ir d in Ta le 4, w hethe o vious t o the c ew (e.g o e the

gunwale)or not o vious(e.g through o enings in the t opsides); an

— at he point of int erse tion of these curves, ex cept for cat eg ory D b at that ar not fuly-enclosed,

the he l angle (degr es), ϕ

O, does not ex ce d

— the ma imum righting moment oc ur ing up t o the downflo ding angle is gr at er than the he lng

moment at the ofset-lo d t es he l angle, ϕ

O

Table 4 — Required minimum he led fre board margin d ring ofset-oad test

Dimensions in milimetr es

Table 5 — Maximum permitted he l angle for of set-oad test

6.5.3 F l proc edur e for ofset load-test

6.5.3.1 This method can be a pled b eithe physical tes or b calculation C lculation shal r eplcate

the physical tes method desc ibed below or be calculated ac or ding to B.5.2 in ISO 1 2 7-1:2 1

6.5.3.2 Prep r e a set of tes weight total ng 8 kg for each pe son up to the desired cr ew lmit Then

tes the b at ac or ding to 6.5.3.3 A b at of desig n categ ory D can alte natively be tes ed using 6.5.3.4

NOTE 1 The use of wat er container inste d of metal ic test weights wil give a les ad anta e us result T e

use of per ons may give a les ad anta e us result but b more convenient to test

NOTE 2 8 kg inclu es a margin of 1 % t o al ow for the pro a ility that a grou of per ons may weigh on

avera e more than 75kg e ch

Tes weight t otal ing 9 kg pe pe son ma be used, but the r sulting t es is mor conse v tive

NOTE 3 S e 6.5.3.3e) 3)

6.5.3.3 The folowing pr oc d r e shal be folowed

a) W ith the b at at ma imum lo d con ition ex cept for the c ew an ex cept that the tan s ar f iled as

from the out bo rd edg e of the c ew ar a, in the position that r sult in the ma imum he l angle,

inves ig ting positioning t es weight on v rious de k levels within the c ew ar a an at v rious

longitu inal locations t o ensur that the wors case is fou d Measur the he l angleand fr eb ard

margin Whe e the c ew ar a inclu es side de ksles than 0,4 m wide, t es weight shal be plac d

at mid-width of such de ks

b) If ne es ary, r peat in the o p sit e dir ction of he l Whe e b th dir ctions ar t est ed, the mos

adve se of the two measur ment made of each p ramet er ar t o be r corded

c) Plac the next set oftes weight t o one side of the c ew ar a, in the p sition that r sult in the

ma im um he l angle, inves ig ting p sitioning t es weight on v arious de k levels within the c ew

ar a an at v arious longitu inal locations t o ensur that the wors case is foun The c ntr of

gra ity of the set of t es weight shal be p sitioned as far t o one side as practica le, pro ided that

adjac nt set of t es weight ar not plac d with their c ntr s of gra ity close than 5 0 mm a art in

any dir ction, or close than 2 0 mm from the out bo rd edge of the c ew ar a Whe e the c ew ar a

inclu es side de ks les than 0,4 m wide, t es weight shal be plac d at mid-width of such de ks

d) Measur the he l anglean leas fr ebo rd margin If ne es ary, r peat in the o posite dir ction

of he l Whe e b th dir ctions ar tes ed, the mos adverse of the two measur ment made ar

to be r corded

e) R epeat c) an d) for furthe inc ement of not mor than one set of t es weight at a time, w hi e

o se ving the man factur r’ s definition of c ew ar a ac ording t o 6.5.1.7 St op the t es w hen the

f irs of the folowing event ha pens

1) The minimum fr eb ard margin befor downflo ding is r ached ac ording t o Ta le 4,

w hethe o vious t o the c ew (e.g o e the gunwale) or not o vious t o the c ew (e.g through

downflo ding o enings in the t opsides) This event can be ignor d for b at emplo ing this

t es an w hich comply with the t otal buo ant v lume r q ir ment of ISO 6 18

3) Thet otal mas of t es weight on b ard r aches 9 kg pe pe son for the desir d c ew lmit.

NOTE 9 kg per per on is used here to ensure that a safety margin is achieved a ainst su den los

of sta ility

4 ) The he l angle su denly inc eases a larg e amount for a smal inc ease in he l ng moment This

is w hen the b at is closet o a complet e los of r sid al s a i ity an conseq ent ca siz

CAUTION — Gre t cautio must be ex er ised w hen doing this test because some boats may

capsize sud enly Therefore he l ng moments sh uld be inc e sed carefuly, especialy w hen

approaching the ex ected c ew l mit As this point is approached, smale inc ements of test

weights should be used In smal e boats it is helpful to at ach a capsize preventer ro e (e.g

from the depres ed gunwale to a stro g point ashore) provided that this is kept slack en ugh

not to interfere with the test F or larg er boats, to give warning of los of stabi ity, a co tinuo sly

plotted graph of he l angle a ainst he lng moment (product of the mas of test weights times

the distance of the centrel ne me sured paralel to the deck) sho ld be used

CAUTION — Because of the risk of capsize, per o s sho ld not be used instead of sets of test

weights in any locatio s from w hich es ape after capsize wo ld be hazardo s

f) Of the measur ment made ac ording t o a), b), d) or e), the ma imum he l angle r corded shal be

les than that r q ir d in e) a o e, an the minimum measur d fr eb ard margin r corded shal

ex ce d the r q ir ment for the a pro riat e o tion as given in Ta le 5

g) If the t es is l mit ed b downflo ding that is o vious t o the c ew (e.g o e the gunwale), the c ew

l mit cor esp n s t o the ma imum mas of t es weight divided b 8 kg an rou ded downward

t o the near s w hole or half n mbe

h) If the t es is l mit ed b ma imum he l angle, los of s a i ty or downflo ding that isnot o vious t o

thec ew (e.g through o enings in the t opsides), the c ew lmit cor esp n s t o the ma imum mas

of t es weight divided b 9 kg an rou ded downward t o the near s w hole or half n mbe

NOTE 1 9 kg per per on is used here to ensure that a safety margin is achieved a ainst su den los

of sta ility

NOT 2 A half n mb r denotes a child weighing les than 37,5 kg

i) Aft er completion oft es ing ac ording t o a) t o h), the set of t es weight ar t o be mo ed t o the

positions (using the c it eria of c) a o e) that r sult in the leas fr eb ard margin If the measur d

fr eb ard does not satis y Ta le 5, set of t es weight shal be r mo ed unti this is achieved, w hi e

maintaining the mos adve se p sitioning of the r main e

j) The f inal c ew lmit shal be that w hich comples with both the proc d r desc ibed in a)t o h), an

that given in i)a ove

When r cording the he l angle of the b at, peo le eng g ed in measuring the he l angle shal r turn t o

the sameposition on b ard each time that measur ment ar r corded He led fr ebo rd margin shal

be measur d b a pe son not on b ard the b at being t est ed

6.5.3.4 Wher e a b at is u a le to comply with the a o e tes pr oc d r es, or where a safety sig n is

ac epta le, it ma y alte natively be tes ed using the same pr oc d r e but with set of tes weight total ng

8 × L / kg for each pe son up to the crew lmit , pr ovided that it is as ig ned desig n categ ory D an a

safety sig n as shown in Fig ur e 8 is displa yed in a prominent position When this sig n is fitted, it shal

comply with Clause 8

2

Key

1 sig n W 00 “General warning ” fr om ISO 70 0

2 su plementary tex t to r ead “Risk of capsize or swamping ”

Figure 8 — Risk of capsize or swamping sign

6.5.4 Proc edure for g unwale load test

6.5.4.1 This tes is only r eq ir ed if the mas in the lght craf con ition is les than 8 0 kg

6.5.4.2 A pply a ve ticaly downwards lo d of 8 kg to the b at in the lght craf con ition at max imum

beam, at the for e-an -af location which is b th a practical ac es p int an which causes the g r eates

he l angle If this lo d is a pled b suspen ing a tes weight in the wate , the dry mas of the tes weight

mus be8 d, wher e d is a mate ial coeficient as g iven in Ta le 6

NOT 8 kg inclu es a margin of 1 % to al ow for the pro a ility that a per on may w eigh on avera e

6.5.4.3 If the b at swamps or ca siz s u de this lo d, it shal be r es ricted to desig n categ ory D, and a

warning la el as shown in Fig ur e 9 shal be displa yed where it is clear ly visible when ente ing the b a

When this sig n is fited, it shal comply w ith Clause 8

1

2

Key

1 sig n W 00 “General warning ” fr om ISO 70 0

2 su plementary tex t to r ead “Do not sit on g unwale”

Figure 9 — “Do n t sit o gunwale” sign

6.6 He l due to w ind action

6.6.1 General

Bo t shal be as es ed in the lo ding con ition used for the ofset-lo d t es ( e 6.5.1), as uming a

mas of 8 kg for each pe son on b ard

Bo t of design cat eg ories C an D, w he e A

LV

< 0,5

HB

H

in the ofset-lo d t es condition, do not have t o

beas es ed Othe b at shal be as es ed as folow s

6.6.2 Calculatio

The he l ng moment d e t o win , M

W, ex r s ed in newt on metr s, is as umed t o be cons ant at al

angles of he l an shal be calculat ed using eithe F ormula 9 or F ormula 1 below:

LV/ L

WL+ T

M) v

W2

(1 )

w he e

h is the ve tical dis anc betwe n the g eometric c ntr s of A

LVand un e wat er profile ar a,

is the length on the wat erl ne in the ofset-lo d t es con ition, ex r s ed in metr s

When as es ing this c it erion, righting moment shal take ac ou t of fr e-surfac efe t

The he l angle d e t o the win he l ng moment, ϕ

W, shal be det ermined eithe :

a) b comp ring the he lng moment with the curveof righting moment , or

b) b a plying a s atic he l ng moment eq al t o the win he l ng moment an measuring the r sulting

he l angle using theofset-lo d t es data

The angle ϕ

W

shal be les than 7 % of the ma imum alowa le he l angle in the ofset-lo d t es ,

de ived from 6.5.2.5, an les than 7 % of the downflo ding angle, ϕ

D, det ermined using eithe of the

methods of Annex B

6.7 Level flotation test

This t es is t o demons rat e adeq at e swamped buo ancy an s a i ity

The t es shal bepe formed using the complet e method given in Annex C

Whe e flotation element ar used, they shal comply with Annex D

The downflo ding height t es is not r q ir d t o be con uct ed on the folowing b at :

a) those w hich, w hen t est ed in ac ordanc with C.4.3, ha e be n shown t o sup ort, in ad ition t o the

(7 C + 1 % of the dry mas of st or s an eq ipment inclu ed in the ma imum t otal lo d); or

b) those b at that do not take on wat er w hen he led t o 9 ° from the upright in the lght c af con ition

6.8 Basic flotation test

This t es is t o demons rat e that the b at has suff icient flotation t o satis y the swamped buo ancy

calculation method ofAn ex E for the same con ition an lo ding

Whe e flotation element ar used, they shal comply with Annex D

In ad ition, the b at shal be fitt ed with some means, such as han holds, for pe sons in the wat er t o

maintain contact with the swamped b at

6.9 Capsize-r ec over y test

6.9.1 T is tes is to demonstrate that a ca siz d b at can be r eturned to the upright b the actions

of the crew using their b dy action an / r righting devic s purp sely desig ned an pe manently fitted

to the b a that it w il subseq en y flo t , an to ve ify that the recommen ed minimum cr ew mas is

suficient or the reco e y method used

6.9.2 Flotation mate ial an element used in b at employing thistes shal comply with A nnex D

6.9.3 T e tes shal be con ucted in calm con itions, w ith the b at in the lght craf con ition with

lo se eq ipment in the normal o erating location, an air tan s, containe s or bag s ha ving be n tes ed in

ac ordanc w ith A nnex D

6.9.4 The b at shal be ca siz d to a pr ox imately 1 0° or the max imum practica ly attaina le

eq i brium he l angle, w ith the cr ew in the wate along side Suficient depth of wate shal be a vaia le

to alow u impeded mo ement of the b a The b at shal not sin afe flo ting in this man e for 5 min

6.9.5 The n mbe an combined mas of the cr ew shal be the minimum suita le for the b at as

recommended b the buide

6.9.6 The b at shal be righted b the cr ew without ex ploiting the sea bed or any ex te nal aid

No mor e than thr ee atempts ar e pe mis ible, each of which shal be lmited to 5 min d ration from

commenc ment Only one suc es ful atempt is r eq ir ed

6.9.7 The folowing information shal be r ecor ded for inclusion in the owne ’s man al:

— thel kel ho d of ca siz w hen in normal use;

— therighting t ech iq e w hich is mos suc es ful;

— theminimum ne es ary c ew mas , ex r s ed in ki o rams

NOTE T e likeliho d of capsize may b e pres ed in terms similar t o the folowing:

— “This b at should b used with gre t care if capsize is to b avoided.” ; or

— “Even if used with gre t care an skil , the design of this b at is such that capsize is always a pos ibility, even

in light con itions.”

6.9.8 A fte the b at has be n righted an one pe son with a mas of not les than 7 kg has reb ar ded,

the bo t shal flo t such that the r esid al freeb ard would ena le the b at to be pumped or b ied out

The long itudinal p sition of that pe son ma y be o timiz d to ensure suficient resid al freeb ard for

pumping or b i ng

6.9.9 Without b i ng the b at at al, afe the remain e of the cr ew up to the crew lmit ha ve r

e-b ar ded, the b at shal flo t a pr oximately level w ith not mor e than one-thir d of the de k or g unwale

submer g ed, for not les than 5min

6.9.10 Bo ts p s ing the a o e tes shal be g iven desig n categ ory D, an shal be pe manently mar ked

in a pr ominent position with the safety sig n shown in Fig ure 8 an a pr opriate tex t ad ed in the owne ’s

6.10 Detection and r emoval of water

6.10.1 T e inte nal arrang ement of a b at hal faci tatethe drainag e of wate , eithe :

— t o big e suction p int (s),

— t o a location from w hich it ma be b i ed ra idly, or

— dir ctly o e b ard

6.10.2 Bo ts shal be pr ovided w ith means of r emoving wate fr om the bi g es in ac or danc with

ISO 1 0 3 The big e pumping ca acity (l/min) should r efle t the deg r ee of de king and conseq ent risk

of wate ente ing the b a

6.10.3 Desig n categ ory C b at using o tion 4 or 6 shal be pr ovided with means of dete ting the

pr esenc of wate in the big e from the helm p sition, which shal comprise:

— dir ct visual inspe tion, or

— transp r nt inspe tion panels in int erior mouldings, or

— bi g e alarms, or

— in ication of the o e ation of a ut omatic big e pumps, or

— othe eq iv lent means

NOTE Es ential R eq irement 3.5 of EU Directive 94/2 /E req ires that al c af shal b designed so as to

minimize the risk of sin ing, an that particular att ention should b paid where ap ropriate t o:

— cock its an wels, which should b self-draining or have other me ns of keeping wat er out of the b at interior,

— ventilation f it ings,

— removal of wat er by p mps or other me ns

7 Tests to be appl ed to sai ing boats

Sai ing b at othe than ha ita le multih ls ma be as es ed b any one of five o tions ac ording t o

amou t of flotation and de king These o tions and the t es s t o be a pl ed ar given in Ta le 7

NOT 1 For an giv en test, the req irements may vary ac ording to the chosen option, e.g for

downflo ding height

Fuly enclosed b at ma alt ernatively be as es ed using ISO 1 2 7- 2, in w hich case highe design

cat eg ories ma be as igned

Ha ita le multih l sai ing b at shal be as es ed using ISO 1 2 7- 2

If a sai ing b at is also eq ip ed for use as a non-sai ng b at, e.g for rowing or for engine pro ulsion,

it shal also g ene aly be as es ed as a non-sai ing b at, but b at ma be given dife ent c ew l mit

an / r design cat eg ories ac ording t o w hethe they ar being used as sai ing or non-sai ng b at

NOTE 2 A ttention is drawn t o option 3 in Ta le 3, which may b ap ropriate in some cases

Sai ing b at also used as a non-sai ing b at an as es ed using 7.5 or 7.6, but w hich ar u a le t o

comply with Clause 6, ar conside ed t o be ac epta le pro ided that they displa the safety sign given

Table 7 — Tests to be ap led to sai ing boats

a

8a

9a

1b

1b

Ap lica le t o h l ty es Al Monoh l only Monoh l only Monoh l only Multih l only

Flotation req irement (se 7.5)

Bo t usin options 7, 8 an 9 that are not uly enclosed are c nsidered to be susc ptible to swampin when used in

their desig c tegory, e c ptin those bo t usin option 9 an c vered b the ex emptions given in fo tnote e

The downflo ding r q ir ment of 6.3 shal be satisfied Tes s ma be con uct ed eithe b practical

t es ing or b calculation The t es s shal be con uct ed in ac ordanc with 6.3

7.3 Rec es size

Fuly enclosed b at of design cat eg ory C shal comply with the r c s siz l mitations given in 6.4

NOTE T is clause do s not ap ly to ful y enclosed b ats of design cate ory D

7.4 Flotation tests

7.4.1 Level flotatio test

The purp se of the level flotation t es is t o demons rat e adeq at e swamped buo ancy an s a i ty

Bo t ha ing L > 4,8 m an m

L

> 1 0 L ar ex empt from this t es pro ided that they ar p rtialy

prot ect ed (as defined in 3.1.6) with the u de ked ar a comprising wat ertight r c s (es) complying

with ISO 1 8 2, an pro ided that they comply with the win s ifnes t es of 7.7 an satis y the

downflo ding -height r q ir ment of o tion 4 in Ta le 3

The t es shal bepe formed using the complet e method desc ibed in An ex C

Whe e flotation mat erial or element ar used, they shal comply with An ex D

7.4.2 Basic flotation test

The purpose of the b sic flotation t es is t o demons rat e that he b at has suff icient swamped buo ancy

Bo t ha ing L > 4,8 m an m

L

> 1 0

H

ar ex empt from this t es , pro ided they:

— ar p rtialy prot ect ed (as defined in 3.1.6),

— comply with the win s ifnes t es of 7.7, an

— satis y the downflo ding -height r q ir ment of o tion 4 in Ta le 3

The t es shal be pe formed using the phy sical t es method given in C.2 an C.4.3 or the calculation

method of An ex E for the same lo ding con ition

Whe e flotation mat erial or element ar used, they shal comply with An ex D

7.5 Capsize-rec overy test

7.5.1 T e ca siz -reco e y tes shal be con ucted in ac or danc with 6.9.1 to 6.9.9, with the folowing

ad itional pr ep r ations:

a) for -an -af sai s shal be hoist ed an set ;

b) c ntr b ard( ) or ke l( ) shal be lowe ed

NOTE In ap lying 6.9.7 to a sailing b at, the likeliho d of capsize may also b e pres ed in terms similar to

the fol owing:

— “T is b at is very tolerant an if han led sensibly is most u likely to capsize ex cept in severe con itions.”; or

— “If sailed with care, this b at is u likely to capsize in normal use provided that he sail are is adjust ed to suit

the prevailing con itions an the main she t is not b layed.”

— “Even if sailed with gre t care an skil , the design of this b at is such that capsize is alway s a pos ibility, even

in light con itions.”

7.5.2 Bo ts p s ing the a o e tes shal be g iven eithe desig n categ ory C or D at the discr etion of the

buide , and shal be pe manently mar ked in a pr ominent p sition with one of the safety sig ns show n in

Fig ur e 1 , an a pr opriate tex t ad ed in the owne ’s man al – se A nnex F Safety sig ns shal comply

2 sup lementary t ext t o r ad “ Risk of ca siz !

Pe sons in ca in ma be tra ped!”

a) Where there is no cabin b) Where boat is fitted with a cabin

Figure 1 — S fety signs for capsize reco erable boats

7.6 Knockdown rec overy test

7.6.1 T is tes is to demonstrate that a bo t can r eturn to the upright u aided afe being k ocked

dow n C mplanc ma y be demons r ated eithe b a physical test , or b calculation ac or ding to 7.6.5

7.6.2 T is tes shal be cond cted in calm wate , with the b at in the lght craf condition with the

ad ition of pe sons, lo se wate or anothe tes weight o a total mas not les than that ofthecr ew lmit

The sais shal be lowered an s owed, an c ntr eb ar d( ) or ke l( ) r aised u les they can be fixed in

the lower ed position an an a pr opriate ins ruction is g iven in the ow ne ’s man al If pe sons ar e used,

they shal be p sitioned as shown in Fig ur e 1 prior to r elease of the mast If wate or anothe weight is

used, it shal be plac d inside the hul Wate ma y not be used if it would not be retained when the b at is

he led as req ir ed b 7.6.3 or 7.6.4 below

Key

1 water line

Figure 11 — Positio ing of the c ew (design categ ory C test i lustrated)