INT R ATIO AL O G NIZATIO FO STAD R IZATlO MEIKfiYAO HFi O rAk l3ALWlR iO CTA~ATl4AlJM O G NlSTlO INT RATIO AL DE N RMALISTIO
Des ptor s
: agricltural pr od c ts, fr uits, bnanas, stor age, tr an pr ttion, spcification
Trang 2IS0 (h Inter natio al Organizatio f or Stan ar dizatio ) is a w or l w id f ed ratio of
b od inter este in a s bje t f or w hic a te h ical c m ite has be n s t up has t he
ri ht t o be r epres nte o tha t c m ite Inter natio al or ganizatio s, g v er nme tal
and n n-g v er nme tal in lais n w ith ISO, als take p r t in t he w or k
Dr af t Inter natio al Stan ar ds ad pt ed by t he te h ical c m ite s ar e circ late t o
t he member bo ie for a pr ov al bef or e th ir ac eptan e as Inter natio al Stan ar ds by
t he IS0 Co n i
9 1 w as d v el Inter natio al Stan ard IS0
A gric ltural f oo pr od cts
ope
by T ec nical Com i
tt ee ISO/TC 34,
It w as s bmite dire tly t o th IS0 Co n i in ac or dan e w ith clau e 510.1 of pr t 1
of t he Dire tiv es f or t he te h ical w ork of ISO It can els a nd replac s IS0 Re om e -
datio R 9 1-19 9, w hic ha d be n aprov ed by t he member bo ie of t he f olow in
Hu gar y
Polan
Poru al
Romania
T haian
Y ug slav ia
No member bo y ha d e pre s d disa pr ov al of th d c me t
Trang 3Gr een bananas - Guide to stor age and tr anspor t
Bananas s o ld be stor ed, bef ore tr an por t fom t he e por tin
c ou tr y to t he plac of c n umptio a nd t hrou h ut t he pe o
of tr an por t, in t he gree c n itio a nd, th r ef ore in t he
pre lmacteric phas
pro e s of r ipe in has n t y t be n initiate
tr opical a nd s b- opical r egio s hav in c n id r able v ariatio s
of a n e olo ical a nd clmatic kin It folow s t h t he state of
a f f or d a pr ecis criterio of its d gree of r ipe e s A thin
b ana na (in a pe o of dr ou ht may be in a n a dv an e d gree
of ripe e s
More v er , t he d gree of r ipe e s to be c o e d pe d o t he
day t o 3 w ee s)
t he d gr ee of r ipe e s (as e timate fom th ir fuln s ) is c m-
ptible w ith t he tr an por t e v isag d T he time of c tin
t her ef ore d pe d o tw o distin t f actor s : t he d r atio of
ref r ig r ate tr an por t a nd t he ph siolo ical state of th
ba na na For this r eas n t he r ec m e datio s f or th d gree of
r ipe e s (s e 2.1) can ot be u iv ersaly a plca le a nd can be
o ly of a g n r al na ture w hic s rv e as a pointer to t he pr o-
d c r , who has to d cid o his own criteria f or c tin
A s r egar ds e aminatio f or r ipe e s, a bu c of b nanas may
b e lken d t o a bu c of gr ape w ith fr uit in dif fer ent state of
r ipe e s, a nd it is th ref or e e s ntial t o spe ify w ith w ha t fr uit
t he c e k is t o be car rie o t
The state of t he ba na na s (state of h alth, w ou d , etc.), whe
t he e ter t he store, has a n inf lu n e o th stor ag lfe, a nd
s bje t
s nlg t can apr ecia ly r ed c t he stor ag lfe
ba na na s e te n into c m er ce are c ltiv ate v arietie
th c s io s hav e n t be n me tio e , be au e it is n t po si-
dispute
This Inter natio al Stan ar d d sribe c n itio s f or t he s c-
c s ful k epin , w ith or w ith ut arificial c oln , of gree
b na na s, Mu s sp in th pre lmacteric pha se d r i g stor ag
bef ore tr an por t fom t he plac of pr od ctio to t he plac of
c n umptio a nd d r i g maritime tr an por t
stor e
T he d gr ee of r ipe e s of t he ba na na at har v estin s o ld be
d ter min d as a f un tio of its firmn s a nd t he n mber of day
ro m It s o ld n t be t oo adv an e , in or der that t he b nanas
may remain in t he pre lmacteric pha se u ti th y ar e put into
t he r ipe in r oom in n rmal c n itio s of tr an por t
2.1 Cr iteria of r ipe e s
T he criteria of ripe e s mo t g n r aly u e in pr actic ar e :
-
th fuln s , w hic is a dime sio al crite o ;
-
ph siolo ical state a nd is ase s d by mean of a c nv en-
t ain d;
-
th firmn s of t he f le h, w hic is a criterio of t he
ph siolo ical state a nd is meas r ed by mean of a sprin
pe etrometer (w ith a cln rical e d 4 m in diameter , a nd
a spr i g w hic is red c d in le gth by 10 m u d r a for ce
of 24,5 N);
-t he c aracteristic o o r of th fle h of t he b na na in
t he pre lmacteric pha se
T he e criteria ar e n t u iv ersaly v ald a nd, f or eac c ltiv ar
a not he a nd t he pr od c r s o ld d cid o his ow n criteria for
Trang 4-
in bu c e , in b g of perf orate poly th le e;
Examinatio f or t he d gree of ripe e s of a bu c of ba na na s
s o ld be car rie o t by u in th r epre e tativ e f ruit f ou d in
that p r t of th bu c w hic is in th mo t a dv an e state of
larg st e d of h main stalk T he repr es ntativ e fr uit is th c n-
tr e fuit of n rmal s ae in th in id r ow of h first or s c n
ha nd T he d gree of r ipe e s of t he fuits of th first a nd s -
-
ficie t t o e s r e satisfactory c oln (str aw , p pe etc.);
-
of stor ag s o ld be car rie o t w ith v ry gr eat care in or der
d te or atio d r i g tran por t a nd r ipe in
tra sp rt
(with artificial co ln )
T he ba na na s s o ld be f r ee fom sig s of atac by f un i
b cte a, in e ts or animal pe ts, a nd s o ld be f r ee fom
p r asite T he s o ld n t be injure by f un al or ph siolo ical
dis as s
In or der to av oid t he d v elopme t of f un al dis as s d r i g
storag , t he fuit s o ld be clean It s o ld n t be stain d w ith
sa a nd th fr uit stalks s o ld be intact T he main stalk of t he
bu c e s o ld n t s ow mark s of s nbur n a nd its t w o s c-
tio s s o ld be f r es , clean, a nd w ith ut smears, tear s or
br eaks
Refri erate stor ag a nd tr an por t
t w o phas s : c oln a nd stor ag
of gr ee ba na na s c mpris s
3.1.1 Ra te of c oln
T he ba na na s
s o ld be f ree fr om
s ra pin , br u
isin or s nbur n
ev id nt mark s of
r ub in ,
t as ra idly as
Remov al of t he pistis s o ld be carie o t in th s pr od cin
ar eas w her e th clmate a nd c n itio s of c ltiv atio f av our th
d v elopme t of r ot It s o ld be car rie o t o t he tree its lf if
t he siz of th ba na na tr ee alow s this
-
t he pow er of t he r efr i eratio plant (of th or der of
70 t o 8 0 calorie per h ur per t on e of bnana s) W ith a
c ntr al r efr i eratio plant, an loadin of t he ba na na v es el
div id d betwee t w o day , it is po sible to a ply th w hole
of h r efr i er atin pow er of t he v esel t o t he first half of th
car go fr om t he sta of r ef rig r atio a nd t o dispo e of more
tha n 1 0 0 calorie per h ur per t on e of ba na na s;
T he ba na na s s o ld be put into c ld stor e f or lo g jo r ne s, or
a er har v estin T he inter v al bet w ee c tin t he bu c a nd
refr i er atio r oom, stor ag r oom or s ip’s h ld) s o ld be le s
t han 24 h if po sible, a nd s o ld n t in an cas e c e 48 h
-
t he air circ latio ratio’) in eac v entiatio s ctio ;
-
t he u ifor mity
th load;
a nd spe d of th air circ latio acro s
A fter harv estin a nd p ckagin , if th ba na na s ar e aw aitin
lan tr an por t t o th por t of embr katio , th y s o ld be put in
th s ad a nd in a w el v entiate plac
-
th s rf ac
air ;
of eac p cka ge in
c ntact w ith th c oln
-
t he eficie c of v entiatio
ter nal s or circ its of th air;
ef f ect of e ternal a nd in-
s o ld be in t he s a de
-
th mo e of pckagi n (poly th le e
boa r d bo e of diff er ent kin s);
w r ap er s or card-
-
t he meth d of stor ag (c mp ct or in stacks);
-
t he met :h d of loadin t he ba na na v esel
or in 2 day w ith an inter v a I of 12 h at nig t
(c ntin o sly
in ha nd or por tio s of han s (clu ters) in ca o s;
-
1) ,&i-c~ c~/~t~c~n ratio is defined a s the r atio of the volume of air psed in 1 h by the fa ns to the volume of the empty c a mbr
Trang 53.1.2 T emper atur e T he f olow in v alu s ar e giv en as in icatio s o ly :
T he temper atur e of th ba na na s is low er ed fom 2 to 3 OC,
w hic is that of t he ba na na s o loadin into t he s ip’s h ld , to
t he practical stor ag temper atur e (s e 3.2.1)
Cultiv ar
Period of stor age
da y s
Critical
tempratur e*)
OC
3.1.3 Relativ e h midity
Gr os Micel
La cat an
Po o ( Robu ta)
(Giant Gov er nor )
Petite naine
(Dw a r f Cav en is )
12
1 to 13
14
12
14,4
12
T he relativ e h midity of t he air at h d lv ery sid v arie w hist
t he b nanas are bein c ole be au e t he w or kin r a ng of t he
c ld bte e is n t sta le It in r eas s at th e d of c oln ,
d lv er ed air into th ba na na c mp rme ts
3.1.4 Air cir culatio
An air cir culatio r atio of 8 to 10 per v entiatio s ctio (c l-
f a n or f an ) is r ec m e d d
relativ e h midity of 8 to 9 % is obta in d a t th c ld point of
c oln of t he ba na na s is c mplete
s pe mpo e a nd s pa r ate by a slate f lo r ), w ith a u if orm
distr ibutio of air ov er t he s r f c a t t he s ctio sid or t he
d lv er ed by t he f an a nd c n e u ntly its air circ latio c eff i-
cie t is d uble that of th v entiatio s ctio
3.2.3 Air circ latio
may be r ed c d t o half
Du n storag , t he air circ atio r atio
a er t he e d of t he c oln pe o
T he r ec m e d d r ate of air c a ng is o e c ha ng per h u
T he r ate of air c an e’) r ec m e d d is o e c an e per h u
but it may be r ed c d to half a c han e per h ur d r i g c oln
in or der n t to r etar d this
eth le e, w hic is la le t o tr i g r t he r ipe in of t he adjac nt
ba na na s
3.2.1 T emper atur e
th bnanas, it is n c s ar y to e s r e that t he practical stor ag
temper atur e of t he d lv ery air is maintain d at th v alu
a dopt ed This is ac iev ed by ad in to t he critical stor ag
bnanas d e to c ld) a saf ety mar gin s ficie t t o tak ac o nt
ref rig r atio plant a nd its oper atio ( + 0,2 to + 0,5 OC f or a
r efr i eratio plant u in br i e; + 0,5 to +0,7 OC f or a dir ect
Experie c in storag s ow s that w ith a n ef ficie t v entiatio
by th air circ latin in t he h ld of ba na na v s el a nd w ith
The o c r r en e of a n a n r mal perce t ag of r ipe ba na na s o
dishar ge of t he ba na na v es el aris s fom f our cau e w hic
s o ld be av oid d :
- k epin a t ambie t temper atur e at th por t of arival
-
loadin of b nanas a t to adv a nc d a stag of ipe e s;
T he critical temper atur e for ba na na s is n t c n tant, its v alu
d pe din o t he c ltivar c n id r ed, o t he d gree of maturi-
ty of t he crop, its sanitar y state, a nd th d r atio of t he
maritime tr an por t
- d f ects in v entiatio ;
- d f ects in t he refr i er atio plant
1) The r ate of air
e clo ur e
c an e is t he r atio of the volume of o tsid air intr od ced into the r efr i er ated enlos r e in 1 h to the v olume of the empty
2) Critical temper atur e is the
temperatur e fr om or blow whit h
I for a giv en priod of stor a ge,
P
h iolog ical disor der s ar e pr od ced or it is not psi-