Its me excel 16 grammar book

Its My EXCEL 16 Table of contents 04 Unit 1. Adjective Clause I 10 16 Unit 2 Adjective Clause II Unit 3. Adverb Clause 22 Work out 1 Unit 4. Reduction of Adverb Clauses to 26 Modifying Adverbial Phrases Unit 5. Connectives that Express Cause and Effect, Contrast and Condition 22 32 Unit 6. Phrasal Verbs 38 42 Work out 2 44 Unit 7. Expressing Necessity Unit 8. Writing Letters Postcards 50 54 item selected 9.20 Mits Work out 3

EXCEL

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NAME :

Beaver Town

Mr Anderson

Joanna Shawn

Owen

Mr Miller

Table of contents

16 EXCEL

Unit 1 Adjective Clause I

Unit 2 Adjective Clause II

Unit 3 Adverb Clause

Work out 1

Unit 4 Reduction of Adverb Clauses to

Modifying Adverbial Phrases

Unit 5 Connectives that Express Cause

and Effect, Contrast and Condition

Unit 6 Phrasal Verbs

Work out 2

Unit 7. Expressing Necessity

Unit 8 Writing Letters & Postcards

Work out 3

04 10 16 22 26 32

38 42 44 50 54

Adjective clauses modifies nouns

I met a famous girl.

I met a girl who is a famous singer.

adjective clause noun +

Ex

I talked to a woman + She was sitting next to me

= I talked to a woman who was sitting next to me

U3-P9

U5-P17

Who vs Whom

or the object of a clause.

the verb in the adjective clause.

Ex

The man who lives next door is a dentist

The man lives next door

who (= the man) is the subject

The woman who I wanted to see took her car outside

I wanted to see the woman

who (= the woman) is the object

Ex

The girl whom I met at a restaurant could speak Spanish fluently

I met the girl

* But whom is not often used in spoken English

We usually prefer who or that, or nothing

= Have you found the books that you lost?

The lady I met at the store was away

= The lady who I met at the store was away.

The dress I bought had a hole

GB17-13 GB17-14

Read and change the sentences using who

Choose the correct words.

[Example] Owen is a student He is very punctual

Owen is a student who is very punctual

I talked to a guy He is funny

I met a beautiful girl

- I met a girl who is really

(A) beautiful (B) beauty (C) famous

1

I read a poem It was romantic

- I read a poem which was

(A) romantic (B) poetic (C) poet

2

She talks to a handsome magician

- She talked to a magician is handsome

(A) what (B) where (C) who

3

Gordon writes to a friend + He lives in Chicago

- Gordon to a friend who in Chicago

(A) lives, write (B) writes, lives (C) talk, lives

4

Joanna sings to a bird + It listens very carefully

- Joanna sings to a bird listens very carefully

(A) what (B) where (C) which

5

Use who or whom to put the sentences together

[Example] a) Do you know the people?

b) They live in the house with an orange roof

Do you know the people who live in the house with an orange roof?

a) The woman gave me some information

b) I called her

1

a) The police officer was friendly

b) She gave me directions

2

Use who or whom to put the sentences together.

a) The people have three cats

b) They live next to me

1

a) The man talked a lot

b) He sat next to me

3

a) The man talked a lot

b) I met him on the plane

2

a) Three fairies walked into my room

b) I don't know them4

a) I talked to the girls

b) They walked into my classroom

5

[Example] a) The people were very nice

b) I met them at the party last night

The people whom I met at the party last night were very nice

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I met a beautiful girl

I talked to a new student.

+ He lives in Hong Kong

She saw a famous actress

I sing to a boy + He likes music

I wrote to my pen pal + She likes skiing

Complete the sentences with correct words

The children live down the street

in the yellow house are always polite.

(A) which (B) who (C) what

1

The people we visited gave us tea and some light snacks

(A) whom (B) which (C) what

2

I know some people live on a boat

(A) whom (B) what (C) who

3

My mother is a person I admire tremendously

(A) whose (B) whom (C) what

4

Oral practice

Change the sentences using adjective clauses and talk to your classmates

[Example]

I met a handsome guy

I met a guy who is very handsome

Using which in an adjective clause

The book which I bought at the bookstore was expensive

10

Using whose in adjective clauses

The man called the police His car was missing.

whose car was missing.

= The man whose car was missing. called the police

The father is happy / His daughter is a super star

The father whose daughter is a super star is happy

Ex

This man was nice / We bought his car

The man whose car I bought was nice

● - 'whose' shows possession.

Use which to put the sentences together.

Put the word which in the correct places.

[Example] a) I jogged around the lake

b) The lake is close to my house

I jogged around the lake which is close to my house

a) The pill made me sleepy b) I took it

1 (which) This puzzle is a problem is difficult to solve

2 (which) Steam is a gas forms when water boils

3 (which) Where can I catch the bus goes downtown?

4 (which) The information I found

on the internet helped me a lot

[Example] (that) A hammer is a tool which is used to pound nails

1

4

2 3

The book _ I bought was expensive

(A) who (B) which (C) whom

1

The river which _ through the town is polluted

(A) flow (B) flows (C) flowed

2

The dress which she _ was very pretty

(A) buys (B) buying (C) bought

3

Complete the sentences with the correct words.

Use which to put the sentences together.

Complete the sentences using which or whose

[Example] a) There is a man

b) His car was stolen

There is a man whose car was stolen

a) There is a woman b) Her cat got sick

The chair _ I am sitting on is hard

The movie _ we went to was interesting

I know a girl _ cousin is a movie star

The picture _ Tom is looking at is beautiful

Doris has a friend _ cat was missing

The woman _ purse was stolen called the police.

1 2 3 4 5 6

The man called the police His car was stolen

The woman was sad Her cat died

The man is friendly His cat is pretty

People were very nice I visited their house

The man is very proud His daughter is a movie star

A : The people were very kind I stayed at their house

B : The people whose house I stayed at were very kind

Using adverb clauses to show cause and effect

Expressing with because or even though

Adverb

Clause

now that Now that my work is finished,

I'm going to go shopping

since = because

I can't go out

Because ;due to the fact that

even though

Showing direct contrast

Words that introduce adverb clauses of condition

Expressing conditions in adverb clauses : if-clauses

If it rains, we can't fly a kite.

If it rains, we will not go on a picnic.

An if-clause is always in a present tense even if the event will happen in the future.

● A comma is usually used even if the adverb clause comes second

whereas

Tom is working,

whereas Gordon is sleeping

= Whereas Gordon is sleeping, Tom is working

while = whereas

Whereas isused in formal

written English

Use the conjunctions to make one sentence.

[Example] He was hungry He didn't bring his lunch box (since)

He was hungry since he didn't bring his lunch box

He was thirsty He drank some water (because)

Rewrite the sentences to start with whereas

Read and circle the correct adverb clause.

[Example] I am sleeping in the tent, whereas my mother is cooking for us

Whereas my mother is cooking for us,

I am sleeping in the tent

1 Because / Even though I was hungry, I did not eat

whereas Benny was playing in the yard

2 Since / Even though Jack never showed up for work on time,

he lost his job

3 Because / Even though the weather is cold,

Gordon isn't wearing a coat

Add punctuation marks to correct each sentence

[Example] Jimmy is very young since he is afraid of the dark

he likes to have a light on in his bedroom at night

Jimmy is very young Since he is afraid of the dark,

he likes to have a light on in his bedroom at night

Mr Moss had a bad cold since he was not feeling well

he stayed home from the office.

p27 憂鬱

p24 暴風雨來了

p11 下雨了，要撐傘

p16 去雪拼Try More

Maybe you'll have some free time tomorrow

Maybe it'll rain tomorrow

Maybe a storm is coming tonight

Maybe you'll be tired tonight

Maybe we won't have class tomorrow.

Adjective Clauses : where

Make one sentence from two Use who/whose/that

Adjective Clauses : who or whose

Complete the sentences

I met someone whose

Ex) A building was destroyed in the fire.It needs to be reconstructed.

A building that needs to be reconstructed was destroyed in the fire

My dad recently injured in the accident

He is now in the hospital

I met Mr Kim sister knows me very well.

1

The guy to/with Doris was talking on the phone

seemed very confident

Adjective Clauses : who, whose, whom, where

Fill in the blanks using the correct word

who / whose / whom / where

My little brother enjoys playing tennis His tennis ball is missing

1

My little brother enjoys playing tennis has lost his tennis ball

I've met the homeless guy He was still sleeping on the street

2

The homeless guy I've met was still sleeping on the street

My family took a vacation to LA in July

We stayed for 3 days at The East hotel

3

The East hotel we stayed for 3 days is in LA

4

Adjective Clauses : who, whose, whom, where

Read the paragraph and choose the best answers

At the SupermarketMrs Moss is in the supermarket She needs to buy some food for the weekend The fruits she buys today are apples and oranges.

The vegetables she chooses are tomatoes and potatoes She can't find the fish she likes The clerk she asks tells her it's already sold out, so she decides to buy some chicken Later, the clerk finds out Mrs Moss left her purse on he counter

So the clerk shouted out towards her she left

(a) where (b) who (c) when (d) which

5

Ex) not / come / miss

If Adam is not coming to work tomorrow morning,

he'll miss a very important meeting

Changing time clauses to modifying adverbial phrases

or sometimes a past participle

( -ed form, conveying a passive meaning).

after before while since

Clause : (Since) Joanna came to school, she has gone to the bathroom 5 times

Phrase : (Since) coming to school,Joanna has gone to the bathroom 5 times

Clause : After he finished his homework, Shawn went to bed

= Phrase : (After) finishing his homework, Shawn went to bed

= Phrase : (After) having finished his homework, Shawn went to bed

Because I've seen that movie before,

I don't want to go again

= Having seen that movie before,

I don't want to go again

Needing one mor

e subject,Doris took Math

Read and rewrite the sentences placing the modifying adverbial phrases in front.

[Example] A mouse appeared while I was studying

While studying, a mouse appeared

Read and fill in the blanks.

1 Since (come) to the restaurant,Gordon has (go to) the bathroom five times

2 Before (leave)

I (switch) on all the lights for my mom

[Example] While (wash) washing the dishes last night,

I (get) got a phone call from my best friend

Our next flight was to Canada after we had traveled through Europe

Read and choose the correct answers

5 Since (arrive) here, I've already been to 10 historical sites

_ having finished his homework, Gordon went to bed

(A) So (B) Before (C) While (D) When

1

_ having dinner at the restaurant,

we saw a friend of mine walking on the street

(A) Since (B) Where (C) While (D) Being

2

_ returning to Beaver Town, we stopped at a park to have a picnic

(A) Since (B) Before (C) While (D) Even if

3

_ turning twelve years old, Joanna has become more patient

(A) Since (B) Before (C) While (D) After

4

_ going to bed, I drank a cup of hot chocolate

(A) Since (B) Before (C) While (D) After

5

_ brushing her teeth, Doris ate breakfast

6

Read and rewrite the sentences to modifying adverbial phrases.

Since he had been working so hard,

he needed a vacation

1

Since a bird needs a safe place to lay its eggs,

a bird builds a nest

[Example] Since he was working so hard, he earned a good salary

Having been working so hard, he earned a good salary

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Complete each sentence by filling in the blanks.

(have check) my health before,

I don't need to do it again

1

(have sleep) on the train for the last

six hours, I am not sleepy anymore.

2

(have talk) for eight hours today,

I don't feel like talking anymore

3

[Example] (have been) Having been to that restaurant before,

I don't want to go there again

Since moving to this town,

I have made many friends

Using because of and due to

Cause and Effect,

Contrast and Condition

because of

Because it was raining, we stayed home

= Because of the rain, we stayed home

= We stayed home because of the rain

due to

Because it was raining, we stayed home

= Due to the rain, we stayed home

= We stayed at home due to the rain

due to the fact that

Because it was raining, we stayed home

= Due to the fact that it was raining, we stayed home

= We stayed at home due to the fact that it was raining

Using transitions to show cause and effect Conne

= Jessica didn't have dinner

Therefore, she was hungry

= Jessica didn't have dinner

Consequently, she was hungry

Positions of a transition

Jessica didn't have dinner Therefore , she was hungry.

Jessica didn't have dinner She, therefore , was hungry.

Jessica didn't have dinner She was hungry, therefore

=

=

Read and choose the correct connectives.

Read and complete the sentences.

1 (due to) People use computers / Their convenience

2 (due to the fact that) She prefers to wear the red dress / Flora likes bright colors

3 (because of) We didn't go to the zoo today / You

[Example] (Since) We helped him / we cared about him

Since we cared about him, we helped him

_ the sun, we went outside

(A) Since (B) Because (C) While (D) Because of

1

_ the heavy rain, we had to stay home

(A) Since (B) Because (C) While (D) Due to

2

Due to the _ that he was late,

we couldn't find a restaurant to eat

(A) Since (B) Fact (C) While (D) Because of

3

_ we couldn't go to the restaurant,

we cooked for ourselves

(A) Before (B) Since (C) While (D) Because of

4

Read and complete the sentences

1 We didn't buy anything the heavy tax

3 Mrs Anderson couldn't go home

the snow storm

2 I behaved on my best manners, people

in that culture are more conservative

4 it was snowing, we couldn't drive today

because of / due to / due to the fact of that

Read and choose the correct words

1 Joanna didn't sleep Therefore, she was _

(A) tire (B) tired (C) tiring

2 Doris was hungry Therefore, she _ a lot.

(A) eat (B) eating (C) ate

3 It is late at night Consequently, she is _

(A) yummy (B) funny (C) sleepy

4 I am a princess Therefore, I have to stay _

(A) beautiful (B) ugly (C) funny

5 He is a good teacher.

Consequently, students like _ in his class.

(A) to reading (B) to writing (C) to participate

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