Advanced network solutions for electric power applications

Advanced Network Solutions forElectric Power Applications

Slide 2

Introduction and Background

• Electric power is essential to our life and the economy

• Power systems are getting more and more sophisticated and smarter

• Teleprotection plays a key role

• Telecommunication and network technology have changed our life

• Communication network is more and more important for electric power

• Next big wave

Transmission Grid: 110 kV up Distribution Grid: 50 kV down Transmission

Slide 4

4

Basin ElectricTri-State Electric

Rushmore Electric

Central Iowa Power Brazos Electric

Chugach Electric CenterPoint EnergyKnoxville Utilities

Slide 6

6

Communication in Substations

• Need channel banks for voice (phones) and data

• Need mux to connect to a radio

• Dry contact for house keeping alarms

• Data Bridge for the subrate data

• Some customers still interested in OCU-DP card

• LV/LV+ used as configuration tools

• Ethernet for service computer access

• RS232 for RTU

• -125VDC power

• One box does all

Substation hardened IEC 61850-3 / IEEE 1613

ANSI Standard Device Numbers

(IEEE Standard C37.2)

1 - Master Element

2 - Time Delay Starting or Closing Relay

3 - Checking or Interlocking Relay

4 - Master Contactor

5 - Stopping Device

6 - Starting Circuit Breaker

7 - Rate of Change Relay

8 - Control Power Disconnecting Device

15 - Speed - or Frequency, Matching Device

16 - Data Communications Device

17 - Shunting or Discharge Switch

18 - Accelerating or Decelerating Device

19 - Starting to Running Transition Contactor

20 - Electrically Operated Valve

21 - Impedance (21G implies ground impedance)

24 - Volts/Hz

Device numbers are used to identify the functions of devices shown on a

schematic diagram Function descriptions are given in the standard These

types of devices protect electrical systems and components from damage

when an unwanted event occurs, such as an electrical fault

27 - Under Voltage (27LL = line to line, 27LN = line to neutral/ground)

40 - Loss of Excitation (generator)

47 - Negative sequence voltage

50 - Instantaneous overcurrent (N for neutral, G for ground current)

51 - Inverse Time overcurrent (N for neutral, G from ground current)

59 - Over Voltage (59LL = line to line, 59LN = line to neutral/ground)

86 - Lockout Relay / Trip Circuit Supervision

87 - Current Differential (87L=transmission line diff; 87T=transformer diff; 87G=generator diff)

91 - Voltage Directional Relay

92 - Voltage and Power Directional Relay

93 - Field Changing Contactor

94 - Tripping or Trip-Free Relay

Slide 8

Suffixes and Prefixes

“N” suffix: Neutral wire 59N in a relay is used for protection against Neutral Displacement

"G" suffix: "ground", hence a "51G" is a time overcurrent ground relay

“S” for Serial

“E” for Ethernet

“C” for Security Processing Function {i.e VPN, Encryption}

“F” for Firewall or message Filter

“M” for Network Managed Function

“R” for Router

“S” for Switch

“T” for Telephone Component

Thus “16ESM” is a managed Ethernet.

A suffix letter or number may be used with the device number

Power Quality and Protective Relays

Power quality can be defined by four fundamental

parameters: Frequency, Amplitude, Shape, and Symmetry

Power quality is affected by a wide range of disturbances

throughout the transmission and distribution network.

It is necessary to implement various measures in order to

minimize the negative effects on customers

Depending on which of the power quality parameters is

distorted the influence on the performance of digital

protection relays will be different.

Slide 10

Protection Relaying over All Communication Media (ABB)

Gb E/E the rne t/E 1

C5600

Proprietary GbE

GbE E1/T1

2G BTS 3G/3.5G Node B

E1/T1/DTE GbE/Ethernet/G.SHDSL FOM/E&M/FXS/FXO C37.94/DryContact

E1/T1

G.SHDSL

E1/T1/DTE Ethernet G.SHDSL FOM/E&M FXS/FXO

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12

Electric Power Industry Application:

Data and Voice Communications

RTU Host





Security Server

T1/E1

Remote Sub-station B

E&M

Modem E&M

Intelligent Transmission &

Distribution

DCS-MUX Product Example

Substation hardened IEC 61850-3 / IEEE 1613

Loop O9400R (SDH/SONET) O9400R STM-1/4/16 (OC-3/12/48) ADM

Slide 16

16

Dry Contact: Network Application

Telecom Room

Slide 18

18

DS0 SNCP Protection

AM3440:

T1 1 for 1 protection

Note:

1 “Network” and “Leased line” shall support Alarm forwarding.

2 The switching time of T1 1 for 1 protection at AM3440: < 50ms

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Disaster Recovery (DR)

DR (Disaster Recovery)

Alarm Monitoring View

Alarm View on Network Topology

Active Alarm List

FCAPS - Fault Management

Slide 24

24

View – NE Panel View

Basic Feature - View

Power Application-1

Power Application-2

SONET MUX O9500R

FXS/FXO/E&M/

960 MHzSite C

2 x DS0 for Dry Contact

To External Alarm Device

Central Control Room

Optical Fast Ethernet Ring

WAN 2

IP phone LAN1

LAN2

IP cam WAN 1

IP6810

WAN 2

WAN 1 LAN1

IP phone W8110

LAN1

IP6810

IP6810

(Network Attached Storage)

NDR

(Network Disk Recorder)

IP6810 Self-Healing Ring Network Termination Unit

Ethernet Device Application

Substation hardened IEC 61850-3 / IEEE 1613

Union Fenosa

Communication Protocols: fight for

standards

• A set of communications protocols used by SCADA Master

Stations, substation computers, RTUs, and IEDs

Protocol Evolution

Modbus

1979

IEC 618502003

IEC 60870-51990-1995

DNP3

1993

More on DNP3

• Mostly specified at layer 2: multiplexing, data fragmentation, error

checking, link control, prioritization, and layer 2 addressing services for user data.

• Created to allow interoperability between various vendors' SCADA components for the electrical grid

• Developed by GE-Harris Canada in 1993, and based on the earlier part of IEC 60870-5 protocol to cater North American requirements.

• Related protocols

– Modbus (Older protocol)

• DNP makes it more robust, efficient, and self compatible.

DNP3 vs IEC 60870-5

• Both are used world-wide, but selection is often based on location

– DNP => Dominant in North America & industrialized Southern

Hemisphere countries

– IEC 60870-5 => Dominant in Europe & Middle East

– In most of Asia and South America both are used almost equally.

– DNP has gained wide acceptance in non-electric power applications,

where IEC is little used.

• DNP and IEC 60870-5 are Not Compliant to each other They are

slightly different in Physical, Data Link, and Application Layers DNP adds also a Transport Layer.

• To perform some functions, IEC 60870-5 sends many small

messages where DNP will send a smaller number of larger

messages

• The larger number of low-level configuration options in IEC 60870-5

tends to require greater knowledge on the part of a system

integrator to successfully commission devices

– Shift to Ethernet was obtained by packetizing the serial protocol in an

Ethernet fashion It certainly serves the purpose, but is not a true

solution to a robust Ethernet protocol

– An object-oriented protocol for DNP3 or Modbus was unachievable

• IEC 61850 is called a “Rising Star”, a true, high-speed, robust,

interoperable protocol

– “As information technology becomes more advanced, standards-based,

networked technologies via Ethernet are becoming the preferred

solution Object-oriented , self-describing languages will help make

substation integration less cumbersome, and that’s the goal of IEC

Who supports DNP3?

GE Energy

Cooper Industries (Electrical)

Schweitzer Engineering Lab

GarrettCom

ABB

Areva T&D

Schneider Electric

Siemens Energy Inc.

Motorola Communications ISRAEL