A9 unit 2 city life lesson 3 a closer look 2

GRAMMAR: Comparison of adjectives and adverbs: reviewÔn tập về so sánh của tính từ và trạng từ 1.. Equal comparison: So sánh ngang bằng - Là so sánh thứ/ vật/ người có tính chất tương đ

UNIT 2: CITY LIFE

Lesson 3: A closer look

2

tòa nhà chọc trời

- skyscraper (n) /ˈskaīˌskreipə/:

đặt cược vào

- put something on (phr v)

từ chối cái gì/ ai đó

- turn (something/someone) down (phr v):

mở cửa

- set up (phr v):

vượt qua

- get over (phr v):

phá bỏ

- pull down (phr v):

kiểm tra

- go over (phr v):

ghi chú

- put (something) down (phr v):

xin việc

- apply for (phr v):

hóa trang, mặc/diện quần áo

- dress up (phr v):

II GRAMMAR: Comparison of adjectives and adverbs: review

(Ôn tập về so sánh của tính từ và trạng từ)

1 Equal comparison: So sánh ngang bằng

- Là so sánh thứ/ vật/ người có tính chất tương đương nhau, bằng nhau.

a Adj: (tính từ) S + (is/are/am) + as + adj  + as + N/pronoun

b Adv: (trạng từ) S + V(s/es) + as + adv + as + N/pronoun

Ex: He drives as carefully as my sister.

Ex: He is as careful as his sister / I am as tall as her.

2 Comparative : So sánh hơn

a Adj: (S.adj) (tính từ ngắn): S + is/are/am + adj- er + than + N/pronoun

Ex: Lan is more careful than Hoa.

- Là so sánh: người này hơn người kia, vật này hơn vật kia, thứ này hơn thứ kia

(L.adj) (tính từ dài): S + is/are/am + Ex: Lan is tall more er than + adj + Hoa. than + N/pronoun

3 Superlative: So sánh bậc nhất

- Là so sánh một người, một vật, một thứ với một tổng thể, một tập thể:

trong đó người/ vật/ thứ đó phải có tính nổi trội nhất, hơn nhất

a1 Tính từ ngắn: S + is/ are/am + the + adj-est + N/pronoun

a2 Trạng từ ngắn: S + V(s/es) + the + adv-est + N/pronoun

Ex: He is the tall est in his class./ Thao is the nic est girl of all

Ex: Tom works the hard est of all / She runs the fast est in her group.

b2 Trạng từ dài: S + V(s/es) + the most + adv + N/pronoun

b1 Tính từ dài: S + is/ are/am + the + most + adj + N/pronoun

Ex: He is the most intelligent in his class./ Thao is the most careful girl of all Ex: Tom works the most carefully of all / She runs the most quickly in her group.

* Lưu ý:

+ Tính từ có hai âm tiết nhưng kết thúc bằng  –y, –le,–ow, –er, và –et thuộc tính từ ngắn

+ Một số tính từ hai âm tiết có thể vừa được coi là tính từ ngắn, vừa là tính

từ dài.

Ví dụ: happ y (vui vẻ, hạnh phúc), gent le (rộng lượng ) , narr ow (chật, hẹp), clev er (thông minh, khéo léo), qui et (yên tĩnh)

Ví dụ: 

clever (thông minh), common (phổ biến), cruel (độc ác, tàn nhẫn),

 friendly (thân thiện), gentle (hiền lành), narrow (hẹp), pleasant (dễ chịu),  polite (lịch sự), quiet (yên lặng), simple (đơn giản)

* Exceptions (Trường hợp ngoại lệ):

Irregular Adj/ adv Comparative Form Superlative Form

far farther/ further the farthest/ the

furthest

1 Match the beginnings to the correct endings.

2 That skyscraper is one b to spell better.

3 The exam was c than being stuck in a traffic jam.

4 Life in the past was d of the tallest buildings in the world.

5 Mexico City is a lot e more difficult than I expected.

6 Kids are growing up f simple as it looks!

7 Nothing is worse g bigger than Rome.

8 These fun cards will encourage kids h less comfortable than it is now.

The Present Perfect

(+) I have been to Nha Trang twice.

(- ) He hasn’t been to Nha Trang.

He has never been to Nha Trang.

(?) Have you ever been to Nha Trang?

Remember! Nhớ!

-You can use much, a lot, a bit and a little with the comparative forms of adjectives

to show how big the differences are.

(Bạn có thể sử dụng nhiều, rất nhiều, một chút và một chút ít với các dạng so sánh của tính từ để chỉ ra sự khác biệt lớn như thế nào.)

Example: A DVD is much better than a video for watching films.

(Một đĩa DVD tốt hơn nhiều so với một video để xem phim.)

- With the superlative forms of the adjectives you can use second , third, etc (Với các dạng so sánh nhất của tính từ, bạn có thể sử dụng thứ hai, thứ ba , v.v.)

Example: Karachi in Pakistan is the second largest city in the world in population (Karachi ở Pakistan là thành phố lớn thứ hai trên thế giới về dân số.)

- You can use by far to emphasise superlatives.(Bạn có thể sử dụng từ xa/ cho đến nay để nhấn mạnh so sánh nhất.)

Example:

China is by far the most populated country in the world.

(Trung Quốc cho đến nay là quốc gia đông dân nhất trên thế giới.)

2 Complete the text with the most suitable form of

the adjectives in brackets Add the where

necessary.

London is one of (1 large) _ cities in the world.

Its population is a lot (2 small) _ than Tokyo or

Shanghai, but it is by far (3 popular) _ tourist destination

London is probably most famous for its museums, galleries, palaces, and other sights, but it also includes a (4 wide) _range of peoples, cultures, and religions than many other places.

People used to say that it was (5 dirty) _ city

too, but it is now much (6 clean) than it was.

To the surprise of many people, it now has some of (7 good)

restaurants in Europe too For some people, this makes London (8 exciting) city in Europe.

the largest

smaller

the most popular wider

the dirtiest cleaner

the best the most exciting

Phrasal verbs

Review: Match the phrasal verbs in A with their meaning in B.

1 pass down a stop doing business

2 live on b have a friendly relationship with somebody

3 deal with c transfer from one generation to the next

4 close down d reject or refuse something

5 face up to e return

6 get on with f take action to solve a problem

7 come back g have enough money to live

8 turn down h accept, deal with

4 Underline the correct particle to complete each phrasal verb.

1 The city has recently set up/off/out a library in the West

Suburb.

2 I don't think Fred gets over/through/on with Daniel They

always argue.

3 You should take your hat in/over/off in the cinema.

4 Their children have all grown up/out/out of and left home for

the city to work.

5 We were shown up/off/around the town by a volunteer student.

6 The town council decided to pull up/over/down the building, as

it was unsafe.

The Present Perfect

(+) I have been to Nha Trang twice.

(- ) He hasn’t been to Nha Trang.

He has never been to Nha Trang.

(?) Have you ever been to Nha Trang?

Remember!

In addition to learning the meanings of phrasal verbs, we need to know whether the verb and the particle(s) have to stay together or they can be separated (Ngoài việc tìm hiểu ý nghĩa của các cụm động từ, chúng ta cần biết liệu động từ và (các) tiểu

từ phải ở cùng nhau hay chúng có thể tách rời nhau.)

- In these phrasal verbs, the parts can never be separated: set off, look forward to, put up with… (Trong các cụm động từ này, không bao giờ có thể tách rời các phần: bắt đầu, mong đợi, đưa lên với…)

- In these phrasal verbs, the parts can be separated: the object of the verb can come

between the verb and the particle: put something on, turn something/somebody down… (Trong các cụm động từ này, các bộ phận có thể được tách ra: đối tượng của động từ có thể nằm giữa động từ và tiểu từ: đặt một cái gì đó lên, đặt/đưa một cái gì đó / ai đó xuống…)

3 Look at the conversation in GETTING STARTED

again Find and underline the phrasal verbs.

5 Underline the phrasal verbs in the sentences, and match them to their meaning

1 You don't need the light on in here Turn it off, please.

2 They offered him a place at the company but he turned it down.

3 The doctor wanted to go over the test results with her patient.

4 Once you've finished cleaning, you can go on with your work.

5 When you come inside you should take off your coat and hat.

6 The local meeting is on Oct 15 th Put it down in your diary.

remove examine press the switch

= press the switch

= refuse

= examine continue doing

= remove

= make a note

6 Read the text and find eight phrasal verbs Match each of them with a definition from the box

For her first evening's work at the bar, Sarah dressed up She wore a black skirt and white blouse, as she had been told to look smart However, when she turned up, she found out that the manager had been less than honest with her about the job She had to serve the customers and

also work in the kitchen Still, she decided to go on working at the bar for the time being After

all, she was getting on well in the job Three months later, she saw an advertisement in the paper for a sales assistant at a department store She thought it over carefully, and decided to apply for

it 'But I won't tell anyone until I've got the new job!' she thought The prospect of doing something different cheered her up considerably.

consider ask for (a job) arrive put on smart clothes

discover make progress continue make someone feel happier

1 dress up = put on smart clothes

2 turn up = arrive

3 find out = discover

4 go on = continue

5 get on = make progress

6 think over = consider

7 apply for = ask for (a job)

8 cheer up = make someone feel happier

- Review comparison of adj and adv.

- Prepare Unit 2: Lesson 4: Skills 1.

1 My salary is his salary.

A high         B more high         C higher than         D more higher than

2 He works we do.

A harder         B as hard as         C more harder         D so hard as

3 No one in this class is Jimmy.

A so tall as         B tall than         C the tallest         D more tall than

4 Apples are usually oranges.

A cheap than         B more cheap         C the cheapest         D cheaper than

5 I know him than you do.

A better         B more well         C good         D the best

6 Marie is not intelligent her sister.

A more/as         B so/so         C so/as         D the/of

7 Janet is tennis player in the club.

A good         B best         C well         D the best

8 I ran than Tom.

A more fast         B faster         C fast         D the fastest

9 She can speak English I can.

A more well         B best than         C better than         D better

10 Ann is 18 years old Sue is 20 years old Ann is Sue

A older than         B younger than         C older         D younger

11 Nobody can cook as as my mother.

A well         B best         C good         D better

Choose the best answer: