Chapter 2 transportation modalities sea

Liner Shipping• Regular service • Fixed routes • Fixed time schedules • General cargo, Containers • Independent Lines, Conferences, Consortia: own / manage the ship • Agents: book capac

TRANSPORTATION

MODALITIES

PRESENTED BY: BICH HOAI, MSc

HO CHI MINH CITY UNIVERSITY OF TRANSPORT

Sea Transport

Introduction

Globalization

Main World Sea Trade Lanes

Sea Transport

Introduction: Geography

4

Shipping Ports Destination Ports

Rotterdam HUB

Transport

Singapore HUB

Sea Transport

Introduction: Geography

5

7 Source: http://people.hofstra.edu

Gatun Locks

Miraflores Locks Pedro Miguel Locks

The Panama Canal

Pa cific Ocean

Gaillard Cut Gatun Dam

Balboa

Cristobal

Panama Canal Railway

Pacific Ocean

Sea Transport

Introduction: Geography

Sea Transport

Introduction: Geography

China India

Introduction: Geography

10 Source: http://people.hofstra.edu

Miles

Indonesia Ind

onesia

M ala

ysia

Malay

sia

Th ailand

Indian Ocean

Strait of Malacca

Gu

lf of Tha

ian Ocean

Pa cific Ocean

Source: http://people.hofstra.edu

Iran Iraq

Saudi Arabia Egypt

Turkey

Indian Oce

an

Hormuz Bosporus

Bab el-Mandab

Suez

Oman Yemen

R

ed Sea

Liner Shipping

• Regular service

• Fixed routes

• Fixed time schedules

• General cargo, Containers

• Independent Lines, Conferences, Consortia:

own / manage the ship

• Agents: book capacity

• Special cargo, Bulk

• Shipowners: own the ship

• Charterers: need the ship

• Shipbrokers: charter the ship (e.g.Baltic Exchange, UK)

Shippers Forwarders

Sea Transport

Introduction: Parties

Sea Transport

Introduction: Parties

• Independent Ship owners:

The three largest operators are Maersk Line, MSC and CMA-CGM

They operate independently, even though on selected trades they do cooperate with other shipping lines

• APL is now owned by CMA CGM

• UASC has merged with Hapag Lloyd

• NYK line, K line, MOL have combined into ONE

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Line Operator (FCL):

• FCL lump sum per container (port – port)

• Surcharges:

• Sea Freight Additionals (Bunker Adjustment Factor, Currency

Adjustment Factor, Port Congestion Surcharge, container imbalance surcharge)

• THC (Terminal Handling Charges)

• Cargo Additionals (Dangerous Goods, Open Top / Heavy Containers)

• Expenses (e.g Postage, Prepairing B/L)

Consolidator:

• Tariff per ton / per cbm (Shipper – Destinee, or CFS – CFS, ) including:

• M / W (whichever yields more)

• Handling charges (Road Haulage, Unloading / Loading Truck at CFS)

• Expenses (e.g Postage, Preparing B/L)

Sea Transport

Introduction: Pricing (Containers)

Example:

Breakdown Seafreight To Casablanca in USD

20FT dry container 1000

Sea Transport

Introduction: Pricing (Containers)

Maritime Cargoes

Overview

Maritime Cargoes

General Cargo: Break Bulk Cargo

Sacks, Cartons, Crates, Drums, Pallets, Bags

Port of Jakarta – Sunda Kelapa

Manualhandling

Maritime Cargoes

General Cargo: Break Bulk Cargo

Port of Jakarta – Sunda Kelapa

Crane handling

Maritime Cargoes

General Cargo: Break Bulk Cargo

Unitisation: pallets, boxes

Maritime Cargoes

General Cargo: Break Bulk Cargo

Maritime Cargoes

General Cargo: Neo Bulk Cargo

Lumber, Paper, Steel, Cars

Maritime Cargoes

General Cargo: Containerized CargoContainers

Maritime Cargoes

General Cargo: Containerized Cargo

Lift on / Lift Off (Lo/Lo)

Maritime Cargoes

General Cargo: Containerized Cargo

Roll On / Roll Off (Ro/Ro)

Mafi Trailers:

to load / offload cargo which is

not rolling itself:

pallets, containers etc.

Maritime Cargoes

Liquid Bulk Cargo

LNG, Petroleum, Molasses, Chemicals, Vegetable Oil

Maritime Cargoes

Dry Bulk Cargo

Grain, Sand & Gravel, Scrap Metal, Coal, Clinker, Fertilizer

The Panama Canal

Vessel Types

Vessel Sizes: Panamax

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Vessel Types

Vessel Sizes: Panamax

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Sea Transport

Considerations for Loading / Unloading

Factors to be considered:

The safety of the crew and the vessel and its seaworthiness

• Avoid damage to vessel and cargo during transhipment in the port

• Proper weight distribution: for vessel stability and to avoid hull tensions

• An efficient space utilisation in the vessel

• A right loading sequence of ports and shipments

• A division of cargo which enables discharging as quickly as possible with a maximum number of gangs in each port

• Easy recognition by proper marking and labelling of

shipments

• Separation of dangerous goods and lashing of goods if

THANK YOU

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