ngữ pháp tiếng anh nâng cao, hỗ trợ các bạn học tốt chương trình ngữ pháp c1 tại trường, nâng cao khả năng học tập, phát triển kỹ năng ngữ pháp tại trường, tự tin sử dụng hợp lý cấu trúc. thành thạo trở thành người dùng tiếng anh giỏi.
Trang 1G R A M M A R
Verbs + infinitive or -ing
This unit focuses on problem areas
Verbs followed by either -ing or infinitive with to
• C a n t bear, hate, like, love, p refer
Like tousually refers to habitual preferences
We like to go out to lunch on Sunday.
Not like tomeans ‘think it is wrong to’
I don’t like to disturb colleagues at home.
• Attempt, begin, continue, intend, plan, propose, start
There is no difference in meaning whether we use -ingor infinitive with to.
Intend, plan and proposecan be followed by that + clause This may include should
See Grammar 13 for reporting verbs
• Forget, rem em ber
With toboth verbs refer to an obligation
I had to phone the office hut Iforgot to do it.
With -ingboth verbs refer to past events
I don t remember learning to walk.
Both can be followed by that+ clause
I remembered that I had to pay the phone bill.
• Try
With tothis refers to something attempted, which might fail or succeed
I tried to warn him, hut it was too late.
With -ingthis refers to making an experiment, or to a new experience
Try takingan aspirin Y oullfeel better.
Have you tried windsurfing? Its great!
• Go on
With -ingthis refers to the continuing of an action
She went on working even though it was late.
With tothis refers to the continuation of a speech
The Prime M inister went on to praise the Chancellor.
(This means the Prime Minister continued his speech by praising the Chancellor.)
• M ean
With the meaning intend,this is followed by to.
Sorry, I meant to tell you ahout the party.
With -ing, and an impersonal subject, this refers to what is involved
I f we catch the early train, it will mean getting up at 6.00.
That + clause is possible when meaning is being explained.
This means that you have to report to the police station.
118
Trang 2• Regret
With to this refers to the speaker s regrets about what is going to be said It often occurs in formal statements of this kind
We regret to inform you that your application has been unsuccessful.
With -ing this refers to a regret about the past
I regret saying that to him.
That + clause is also possible
We regret that we didn’t tell her earlier.
• Stop
With to this refers to an intention
Jane stopped to check the oil level in the engine.
With -ing this refers to the ending of an activity
The baby has stopped waking up during the night now.
• Hear, see, watch
When followed by infinitive without to, the action is complete
We watched all the cars cross thefinishing line.
With -ing, the action is still in progress
I heard someone coming up the stairs.
Verbs with an object, followed by either -ing or infinitive with to:
Allow, forbid, permit
With an object and to:
The school forbids students to smoke in the classrooms.
With an object -ing form:
• Consider
With an object and to this refers to an opinion
She is considered to be the finest pianist ofher generation.
With -ing this means ‘think about’
At one point I considered emigrating to Canada.
With that + clause it refers to an opinion.
We consider that she has behaved badly.
• Imagine
With an object and to:
I imagined the castle to be haunted.
With -ing, an object is also possible
I couldnt imagine (her) living in a place like that.
With that + clause it means suppose’.
I imagine that you’d like a cup oftea after your long journey!
• Reąuire
With an object and to:
They reąuired him to fili out a form.
With -ing:
reąuire typing.
Trang 3Verbs normaliy followed by infinitive with to
• Verbs marked can also be followed by that + clause
• Appear, (so) happen and seem are only used impersonally with that + clause
It appears that Vve made a mistake.
It so happens that he is my brother!
It seems that Mary is going to win.
• Want can be used colloquially with -ing, and has a similar meaning to need The car wants cleaning.
Verbs normaliy followed by -ing
• Verbs marked * can also be followed by that + clause
• Admit
This can be used with or without preposition to followed by -ing.
They admitted (to) beirtg members ofthe gang.
That + clause is also possible
He admitted that he was wrong.
• Appreciate is often followed by possessive + -ing.
I appreciate your trying to help.
• See Grammar 13 for suggest.
• lnvolve has an impersonal subject
Being an athlete involves regular training.
1 2 0
Trang 4Verbs followed by infinitive without to
• Help can be used with or without to.
I helped George (to) carry the bags.
We shall have to make do.
In the passive, to is used
I was made to leave.
• Let and expressions with let
They didnt let me leave.
Let me go!
Verbs followed by an object and to
• Verbs marked can also be followed by that + clause
*advise, assist, beg, bribe, command, dare, employ, enable, encourage, instruct, invite, lead, *order, *persuade, select, send, '*teach, *tell, train, urge, *warn
See Grammar 13 for advise, persuade, tell, warn.
• Dare can be used without to when there is no object Compare:
They dared him to jump.
I didnt dare (to) say anything.
See Grammar 9 for dare as a modal verb
Trang 51 Underline the word or phrase that is correct.
1 What do you mean to do/doim about the leaky pipes?
2 I never imagined the mountains to be/being so high!
3 Don t forget to wake me/waking me before you leave
4 I regret to tell you/tellingyou that we cannot accept your offer
5 Did you manage to find/finding the book you were looking for?
6 I tried to take/taking that medicine you gave me but I couldn t swallow it
7 We have postponed to tell/telling anyone the news until after Christmas
8 Have you considered to buy/buying a laptop?
9 Sorry Tm late, I had to stop to pick up/picking up the children from school
10 Margaret was slow at school, but she went on to be/being Prime Minister
2 Complete each sentence with a suitable form of a verb from the box.
look forward to die
arrange intend
d© face
1 Its too late to buy any food W eil have to m ake f?.? with what weve
2 I hardly ask how much it cost!
3 Have you ever taking a year off work?
4 I didn t like the town at first, but I to love it eventually
5 What do you doing after this course has finished?
6 We are a ll our holiday in Australia this year It s going to be such adventure!
7 Jim and I to meet at 6.00 but he didn t turn up
8 I t that we won t need to pay so much after all
9 I cant wait for Saturday! I’m really to see you!
10 I c a n t getting up at 6.30 tomorrow morning! Fil catch a later trai
1 2 2
Trang 63 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given Do not change the word given.
1 It’s very kind of you to give me a lift
apprecłate
2 If I take the job Fil have to move to Paris
mean
Taking moving to Paris
3 Parking is not permitted here
park
You ara here
4 ‘Shall I carry that bag for you, Paulina?’ said John
offered
John bag for her
5 Winning the lottery maant we could buy a new car
enabled
Winning the lottery buy a naw car
6 Thare is a risk that he will miss the piane if he waits
risks
H e if ha waits
7 I believed you were the murderer because of this clue
led
This clue that you were the murderer
8 Does using the hotel swimming pool cost extra?
pay
Do you have t o the hotel swimming pool?
9 I think that this is the right Street,
appears
T h is the right Street.
10 Jean succeeded in finishing all her work on time
managed
Jean all her work on time
Trang 74 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given Do not change the word given.
1 They said they would like me to stay with them in Florida
invited
They stay with them in Florida
2 Calling Jim is pointless, because his phone is out of order, use
Its n o because his phone is out of order
3 It is compulsory for all students to carry an identity badge
reąuired
All students carry an identity badge
4 You waste time if you copy your work out again, so don t do it
copying
D o n t your work out again
5 I bet you wouldnt ask David to come with you to the party!
if
I dare to the party with you!
6 ‘Please dont leave me on my own,’ Martin begged us
him Martin begged u s own
7 Joe doesnt like it when people treat him like a child
resents
Jo e like a child
8 It was resolved that the matter would be brought up at the next meeting bring
They resolved up at the next meeting
9 The police were told that the use of unnecessary force was forbidden
not
The police were instructed unnecessary force
10 If you work for this company, you have to travel a lot
involves
Working for this company of travel
124
Trang 85 Complete each sentence w ith a suitable form of the verb in brackets.
1 Sorry, I meant (tell) I would be out, but I forgot
2 Thats all for now I (hope) hear from you soon!
3 If I take the new job, it (m ean) working a lot harder!
4 Are you still tired? Or do (feel) going out for a meal?
5 Jane is (say) the most outstanding player in the team
6 I wish you (keep) complaining all the time!
7 How (suggest) that I would take a bribe! IVe never been so insulted!
6 Complete the text with the gerund or infinitive of the verbs in brackets.
Yuki© HanU6 is considered by many (1) (be) the finest violinist
of her generation - and she's still in her early twenties When we visited her, in the musie department of the University of New York, she was too busy practising ( 2 ) (talk), but she invited us ( 3 ) (have) a coffee with her in her mid-morning break Astonishingly, she manages ( 4 ) (combine) her PhD at the university with international concerts and recitals,
numerous public appearances and interviews She evidently thrives on the
workload, buzzing around the place with an industrious enthusiasm that leaves us all breathless Her fame as a performer means ( 5 ) (make) regular appearances at high profile events Last month, for example, she agreed
( 6 ) (appear) in a series of recitals organized by UNESCO This
involved ( 7 ) (travel) to far-flung places like Seoul, Oslo and
Montevideo on successive days, a schedule which would have caused any normal person to wilt 'I can't stand ( 8 ) (do) nothing,' she says ‘I happen (9 ) (have) a particular talent, and it would be wasteful not
(10 ) (exploit) it to the fuli.' I encouraged her (1 1 ) (tell) me about her upbringing, but she was rather reticent to sing her own praises
I did, however, succeed in persuading her (1 2 ) (confess) to a secret desire ‘If I hadn't been a musician, I would have loved to train
(13 ) (become) a martial arts expert,' she says Certainly, she would have had the discipline, but I couldn't imagine someone so physically frail actually (14 ) (stand) there hitting someone But it was an interesting
revelation, and one that I was (1 5 ) (learn) more about during my day with her