7 adverbs , ngữ pháp tiếng anh nâng cao

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ADVERBS

What is an adverb?

• She sang that song beautifully

• The man was very sad as hearing the news

• They can speak French very fluently.

• Honestly, I don’t see any point in doing that

Definition of Terms

• An adverb: a word that describes or adds to the

meaning of a verb, an adjective, another adverb,

or a sentence, and which answers such questions

as how, where, or when

• Can adverbs modify nouns?

The concert tomorrow is at 8 p.m.

• Adverbial: any word, phrase, or clause that

functions like an adverb

➔ adverb = one-word adverbial

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Definition of Terms

• Adverbials may be classified as adjuncts,

conjuncts, or disjuncts

• Adjuncts: part of the basic structure of a clause or

sentence in which it occurs, and modifies the verb

o He died in England

o I have almost finished.

• Conjuncts: not part of the basic structure of a

clause or sentence

o Altogether it was a happy week.

o However , the weather was not good.

Definition of Terms

• Disjuncts: (also called sentence adverbs) adverbs

which show the speaker’s attitude to or evaluation of what is said in the rest of the sentence

o Naturally , I paid for my own meal.

o I had to pay for my own meal, unfortunately.

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Definition of Terms

• Particle: a term used for a word which cannot

readily be identified with any of the main PARTS OF SPEECH/ WORD CLASS

She did not receive my email.

My goal is to get a bachelor’s degree.

• Adverb particle: a word such as in, back, on, etc when it modifies a verb rather than a noun

o The car is in the garage.

o The train’s getting in

• Adverbs frequently end in –ly: slowly, quickly, etc

• Not all words end in –ly are adverbs: friendly,

lovely, etc

• Some adverbs do not have an –ly ending: always , well, etc.

• Some adverbs can have two forms

He has come late vs He has come lately

She talked very loud vs She talked very loudly

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• Simple adverbs: just, only, well, back, down,

• Compound adverbs: somehow, somewhere,

Positions

• Before the subject

• Before the main verb

• After the verb “be”

• Between the auxiliary and the main verb

• After the first auxiliary verb (with more than 1

auxiliary)

• Before a negative auxiliary verb

• After the verb and object (not between)

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Adverbs of Manner

• Adverbs saying how something happens

• Usually placed after the main verb, after the object (if there is one), or between the subject and the verb

o He drove fast.

o He washed his hands carefully.

o She angrily slammed the door.

o He generously paid for us = It was generous of him to

have paid for us.

o He paid for us generously = He paid for us in a generous manner.

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Adverbs of Place

• Adverbs indicating location (where), direction (where to/ from)

o She still lives there now.

● Manner + place + time

● They talked happily in the bedroom all night.

● At the beginning of a sentence

● Indoors it was nice and warm.

● Up ran the snail.

o I went shopping yesterday./ Yesterday I went shopping

• Adverbs of indefinite time: at the end or beginning

of a sentence, or before the verb

o She currently works as a journalist./ Currently she works

as a journalist./ She works as a journalist currently.

• Adverbs of duration

o She worked as a journalist for two years.

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Adverbs of Frequency

• Adverbs telling how often something happens

• Adverbs of definite frequency: at the end or

beginning of a sentence

o I pay my rent weekly.

• Adverbs of indefinite frequency: before the main

(ordinary) verb, after the verb “be”, between the

auxiliary and the main verb

o We usually go shopping on Sundays.

o He is always late.

o He is always coming late.

o Sometimes he became very sad.

Adverbs of Degree

• Adverbs answering the question “To what extent…?”

• Before the adjective or adverb they modify

o He drove very fast.

o He looks much different from his father.

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Sentence Adverbs

• Adverbs modifying the whole sentence

• Usually at the beginning of the sentence

o Unfortunately, Richard didn’t get to the airport on time.

Focus Adverbs

• Adverbs indicating that what is being communicated

is limited to the part that is focused

• They limit the sense of the sentence or to act as an additive

o He said he wanted to do only what was the best for the country.

o He even paid for their so-called business trip.

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Short and Long Adverbs

• Short adverbs: mono-syllabic adverbs

• Long adverbs: others (except EARLY)

Inversion with Adverbials

• Inversion: a movement operation by which the order

of two expressions is reversed

➔ subject-verb inversion

He will come by at 8 o’clock.

Will he come by at 8 o’clock?

Three cases

• Inversion after adverbials of place/ position

• Inversion after adverbials of movement

• Inversion after negative adverbials

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Inversion with Adverbials

• Adverbials of place

o At the apple tree sat the boy.

o At the apple tree he sat

• Adverbials of movement

o Down the hill ran the bus

o Down the hil l it ran.

• Negative adverbials

o Little does she know about that incident

o Under no circumstances can this story be discussed with others