Privacy, Property and Personality docx

It examines the difficulties in reconciling privacy and personalitywith intellectual property rights in an individual’s identity and in balan-cing such rights with the competing interest

vi

The protection of privacy and personality is one of the most fascinatingissues confronting any legal system This book provides a detailedcomparative analysis of the laws relating to commercial exploitation ofpersonality in France, Germany, the United Kingdom and the UnitedStates It examines the difficulties in reconciling privacy and personalitywith intellectual property rights in an individual’s identity and in balan-cing such rights with the competing interests of freedom of expressionand freedom of competition The discrete patterns of development inthe major common law and civil law jurisdictions are outlined, togetherwith an analysis of the basic models of protection.

The analysis will be useful for lawyers in legal systems which have yet

to develop a sophisticated level of protection for interests in personality.Equally, lawyers in systems that provide a higher level of protection willbenefit from the comparative insights into determining the nature andscope of intellectual property rights in personality, particularly questionsrelating to assignment, licensing, and post-mortem protection

HU W BE V E R L E Y- SM I T H is a Solicitor in the Brands, Technology,Media and Telecommunications Department at Field Fisher Waterhouse

in London He is also the author of The Commercial Appropriation ofPersonality (Cambridge 2002)

AN S G A ROH L Yis Professor of Civil Law and Intellectual Property Law

in the Faculty of Law and Economics at the University of Bayreuth,Germany Until 2002 he was the head of the CommonwealthDepartment of the Max-Planck Institute for Intellectual Property,Competition and Tax Law, Munich

AG N E ` S LU C A S- SC H L O E T T E R is Lecturer in French law at theLudwig-Maximilian University of Munich, Germany Until 2003 shewas a researcher at the Max-Planck Institute for Intellectual Property,Competition and Tax Law, Munich

As its economic potential has rapidly expanded, intellectual property hasbecome a subject of front-rank legal importance Cambridge Studies inIntellectual Property Rights is a series of monograph studies of majorcurrent issues in intellectual property Each volume contains a mix ofinternational, European, comparative and national law, making this ahighly significant series for practitioners, judges and academic research-ers in many countries.

The Rt Hon Sir Robin Jacob, Court of Appeal, England

A list of books in the series can be found at the end of this volume

Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo

Cambridge University Press

The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge cʙ2 2ʀu, UK

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2005

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This publication is in copyright Subject to statutory exception and to the provision ofrelevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take placewithout the written permission of Cambridge University Press

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2 Property, personality and unfair competition in England

Liability based on misrepresentation: the tort of passing off in English

Liability based on misappropriation: the Canadian tort of appropriation

3 Privacy and personality in the common law systems 47

Inviolate personality and the accretion of proprietary attributes 52

5 French law 147

Remedies providing for prevention or cessation of

Privacy, freedom of expression and commercial appropriation

The protection of privacy and personality is one of the most fascinatingissues confronting any legal system It has attracted the attention of anumber of distinguished academics, practitioners and judges in the majorlegal systems and there is an increasingly rich comparative jurisprudence.The relationship between privacy and commercial exploitation of anindividual’s attributes in advertising and merchandising is long-standingand provided the background for the developing law of privacy in severaljurisdictions Nevertheless, it has received relatively limited attentionwhen compared to other aspects of privacy and is often regarded asbeing the more proper concern of intellectual property law This bookprovides a detailed analysis of the different ways in which the majorcommon law and civil law jurisdictions have responded to demands forprotection of attributes of an individual’s personality and the difficulties

in reconciling privacy, personality and intellectual property

Inevitably a balance has to be struck between breadth and depth ofcoverage and we do not attempt to give a full account of all Europeanlegal systems Rather, we have chosen four jurisdictions, England andWales, the United States, Germany and France, which represent themost important approaches to the problem of commercial exploitation.Some jurisdictions, most notably England and Wales, are only begin-ning to address the issue of protecting attributes of personality fromunauthorised commercial exploitation Systems that are at a moreadvanced stage of evolution and offer a higher basic level of protectionsuch as France and Germany have rather more intricate problems toconfront in determining the nature and scope of the various personalityrights While a surprising number of common themes and patterns ofdevelopment emerge the differences in structure and emphasis betweenthe individual chapters reflect both the discrete stages of evolution ineach jurisdiction and the fundamental differences between the legalsystems surveyed An awareness of these differences and the challengesfaced by neighbouring jurisdictions can only help in identifying the most

ix

appropriate conceptual models of protection and the nature and scope ofsuch intangible rights.

Our foremost debt of gratitude is to Professor W R Cornish for hisunfailing support and enthusiasm for the project and for reading andcommenting on the draft chapters We would also like to thank FinolaO’Sullivan and the staff at Cambridge University Press for their help,support and patience as this collaborative comparative work, combiningthe efforts of three lawyers in separate jurisdictions took rather longerthan expected to bring to fruition Any errors, omissions or idiosyncrasiesare entirely the responsibility of the authors

Australian cases

Australian Broadcasting Corp v Lenah Game Meats Pty Ltd (2001) 185 ALR 1 88

Children’s Television Workshop Inc v Woolworths (New South Wales) Ltd [1981] RPC

187 23

Cognagra Inc v McCain Foods (Aust.) Pty Ltd (1972) 23 IPR 193 16

Henderson v Radio Corp Pty Ltd [1969] RPC 218 7 , 17 , 21 , 27 , 28 , 31 , 35

Hexagon Pty Ltd v Australian Broadcasting Commission (1975) 7 ALR 233 13

Hogan v Koala Dundee Pty Ltd (1988) 83 ALR 187 25 – 6

Honey v Australian Airlines Ltd (1989) ATPR 40–961, affirmed (1990) 18 IPR 185 18 ,

24 , 28

Hutchence v South Seas Bubble Co Pty Ltd (1986) 64 ALR 330 18 , 23

Moorgate Tobacco Co Ltd v Philip Morris Ltd (No 2) (1984) 56 CLR 414 6 , 13

Pacific Dunlop Ltd v Hogan (1989) 87 ALR 14 18 , 24 , 33

Paracidal Pty Ltd v Herctum Pty Ltd (1983) 4 IPR 201 18 , 23

Pinky’s Pizza Ribs on the Run Pty Ltd v Pinky’s Seymour Pizz & Pasta Pty Ltd (1997) ATPR 41–600 28

Sony Music Australia Ltd & Michael Jackson v Tansing (1994) 27 IPR 649 39

Taco Bell Pty Ltd v Taco Co of Australia Inc (1981) 42 ALR 177 27

Talmax Pty Ltd v Telstra Corp Ltd (1996) ATPR 41–535, 26 , 31

Tenth Cantanae Pty Ltd v Shoshana Pty Ltd (1987) 79 ALR 279 18 , 24 , 28 , 35 , 39

TGI Friday’s Australia Pty Ltd v TGI Friday’s Inc (1999) 45 IPR 43 27

Twentieth Century Fox Corp v South Australian Brewing Co Ltd (1996) 34 IPJ 225 26 , 31

Uren v John Fairfax & Sons Pty Ltd (1965–1966) 117 CLR 118 81

Victoria Park Racing and Recreation Grounds Co Ltd v Taylor (1937) 58 CLR 479 13 ,

14 , 80

Vieright Pty Ltd v Myer Stores Ltd (1995) 31 IPR 361 27

Willard King Pty Ltd v United Telecasters Ltd [1981] 2 NSWLR 547 13

Baron Philippe de Rothschild, SA v La Casa de Habana Inc (1987) 19 CPR (3d) 114 40 ,

42 , 45

Dowell et al v Mengen Institute (1983) 72 CPR (2d) 238 40 , 42

Gould Estate v Stoddart Publishing Co (1997) 30 OR (3d) 520 44

Heath v Weist-Barron School of Television Canada Ltd (1981) 62 CPR (2d) 92 40 , 42 , 45

Holdke v Calgary Convention Centre (2000) ACWS (3d) 1281 (Alberta Provincial Court) 42 , 45

Horton v Tim Donut Ltd (1998) 75 CPR (3d) 451 40 , 41 , 44

Joseph v Daniels (1986) 11 CPR (3d) 544 40 , 45

Krouse v Chrysler Canada Ltd (1972) 25 DLR (3d) 49 36 – 9 , 40 , 42 – 3

Krouse v Chrysler Canada Ltd (1973) 40 DLR (3d) 15 7 , 40 , 42

Walt Disney Productions Ltd v Triple Corp (1992) 93 DLR (4th) 739 27

Decisions of the European Court of Human Rights

Burghartz v Switzerland (1994) 18 EHRR 101 218

Chappell v United Kingdom (1990) 12 EHRR 1 218

Cossey v United Kingdom (1990) 13 EHRR 622 220

Costello-Roberts v United Kingdom (1995) 19 EHRR 112 218

Dudgeon v United Kingdom (1982) 4 EHRR 149 218

Fressoz v France (2001) 31 EHRR 28 92

Handyside v United Kingdom (1979–80) 1 EHRR 737 219

Hertel v Switzerland (1999) 28 EHRR 534 220

Jacubowski v Germany (1995) 19 EHRR 64 219

Jersild v Denmark (1994) 19 EHRR 1 92

Malone v United Kingdom (1985) 7 EHRR 14 218

Markt Intern and Beermann v Germany (1990) 12 EHRR 161 219

Muller v Switzerland (1991) 13 EHRR 212 219

Murray v United Kingdom (1995) 19 EHRR 193 220

Niemietz v Germany (1993) 16 EHRR 97 218

Nilsen and Johnsen v Norway (2000) 30 EHRR 878 219

Peck v United Kingdom (2003) EHRR 287 225

Sunday Times v United Kingdom (1979–80) 2 EHRR 245 219

Von Hannover v Germany Application No 59320, 24 June 2004 104 , 107 , 218 , 220 – 2

X and Church of Scientology v Sweden Application No 7805/77, 16 DR 68 (1979) 219

X and Y v Netherlands (1985) 8 EHRR 235 220

X v Iceland, 18 May 1976, (1976) 5 DR 86 218

X v United Kingdom, Application No 5877/72 220

Zana v Turkey (1999) 27 EHRR 667 219

Decision of the European Court of Justice

Arsenal Football Club plc v Reed [2003] 3 All ER (EC) 1 123

Davidoff v Gofkid [2003] ETMR 534 ECJ 32

General Motors Corp v Yplon SA [1999] ETMR 122 32

Parfums Christian Dior SA v Evora BV [1998] RPC 166 31 , 32

Peck v United Kingdom [2003] EMLR 287 89

SA CNL-Sucal NV v HAG GF AG [1990] 3 CMLR 571 31

French Cases

CA Aix-en-Provence 20.12.1949, Bouchara, Dalloz 1950, jur 220 200

CA Aix-en-Provence 21.5.1991, Raimu, Images Juridiques 1991, No 89, p 3 156

CA Aix-en-Provence 30.11.2001, CCE 2003, Comm No 11, p 40 168

CA Paris 16.3.1955, Marlene Dietrich, D 1955, jur 295 151 – 2

CA Paris 26.6.1961, Aiton, Ann prop ind 1962, 82 200

CA Paris 30.6.1961, D 1962, jur 208 152

CA Paris 13.3.1965, Ge´rard Philippe, JCP 1965, II, 14223 182

CA Paris 24.3.1965, JCP 1965, II, 14305 173

CA Paris 6.7.1965, Picasso, Gaz Pal 1966, 1, 39 152 , 185

CA Paris 1.12.1965, Petula Clark, JCP 1966, II, 14711 190

CA Paris 17.3.1966, Trintignant, D 1966, jur 749 152 , 194

CA Paris 22.11.1966, Gaz Pal 1966, 2, 141 184

CA Paris 15.5.1970, Jean Ferrat, D 1970, jur 466 170 , 192 , 194

CA Paris 21.12.1970, Antoine, JCP 1971, II, 16653 185 , 192

CA Paris, 13.2.1971, JCP 1971, II, 16774 186

CA Paris 13.2.1971, Belmondo, JCP 1971, II, 16771 13

CA Paris 5.1.1972, D 1972, jur 445 184

CA Paris 15.1.1972, Gaz Pal 1972, I, 302 185

CA Paris 17.12.1973, Charlie Chaplin, D 1975, jur 120 188

CA Paris 16.2.1974, Johnny Halliday & Sylvie Vartan, JCP 1976, II, 18341 186 , 188 , 192

CA Paris 14.5.1975, D 1975, jur 687 183 , 185

CA Paris 14.5.1975, Deneuve, D 1976, jur 291 186

CA Paris 24.5.1975, D 1975, jur 488 171

CA Paris 5.6.1979, JCP 1980, II, 19343 186

CA Paris 9.11.1979, Le pull-over rouge, D 1981, jur 109 183

CA Paris 24.6.1980, Citroe¨n, D 1980, jur 583 183 , 186

CA Paris 7.6.1983, Claude Franc¸ois, Gaz Pal 1984, 2, 531

CA Paris 14.6.1983, Johnny Halliday, D 1984, jur 75 191

CA Paris 24.2.1984, Gaz Pal 1984, somm 370 178

CA Paris 7.3.1984, D 1984, somm 333 183

CA Paris 6.6.1984, D 1985, inf rap 18 169

CA Paris 8.11.1984, Bordas, Ann prop ind 1985, 14 200

CA Paris 22.11.1984, Le Pen, D 1985, inf rap , 165 174

CA Paris 20.3.1985, D 1985, somm 324 194

CA Paris 19.2.1985, Alain Delon, D 1985, somm 321 192 , 194

CA Paris 26.2.1986, D 1986, somm 447 170

CA Paris 13.3.1986, Yannick Noah, D 1986, somm 445 175

CA Paris 11.6.1986, Villemin, D 1987, jur 107 185

CA Paris 26.6.1986, D 1987, somm 136 170

CA Paris 13.11.1986, D 1986, somm 139 170

CA Paris 12.1.1987, D 1987, somm 386 171

CA Paris 11.2.1987, D 1987, somm 385 173

CA Paris 3.4.1987, Fignon, D 1987, somm 384 178 , 191

CA Paris 19.6.1987, Le Pen, JCP 1988, II, 20957 174 , 184

CA Paris 22.10.1987, Isabelle Adjani, D 1988, somm 198 175

CA Paris 28.12.1987, D 1989, somm 91 183

CA Paris 14.1.1988, Brigitte Bardot, D 1989, somm 92 188

CA Paris 7.6.1988, D 1988, inf rap 224 195

CA Paris, 28.2.1989, Johnny Halliday, JCP 1989, II, 21325 192

CA Paris 23.1.1990, Brigitte Bardot, D 1990, inf.rap 62 192

CA Paris 2.5.1990, Ann prop ind 1992, 32 200

CA Paris 17.12.1991, D 1992, jur 245 183

CA Paris 19.5.1992, JCP 1992, IV, 2345 202

CA Paris 2.2.1993, D 1993, inf rap 118 156

CA Paris 8.11.1993, Ann prop ind 1994, 206 194

CA Paris 23.11.1993, Le´gipresse 1994, No 114, II, 132 202

CA Paris 27.5.1997, JCP 1997, II, 22894, D 1998, somm 85 203

CA Paris 27.5.1997, Mitterrand, D 1998, somm 86 175 , 202

CA Paris 2.7.1997, D 1997, jur 596 203

CA Paris 5.12.1997, D 1998, inf rap 32 170

CA Paris 24.2.1998, Erignac, D 1998, jur 225 179 – 80

CA Paris 18.6.1998, D 1998, inf rap 204 170

CA Paris 10.10.1998, D 1998, inf rap 259 171

CA Paris 5.12.1998, D 1990, somm 239 187

CA Paris 22.3.1999, CCE 1999, comm No 35, p 25 194

CA Paris 15.9.1999, D 2000, jur 801 171

CA Paris 20.6.2001, CCE 2002, comm No 49, p 35 190

CA Paris 27.9.2001, D 2002, somm 2764; CCE 2002, comm No 15, 39 181

CA Paris 31.10.2001, CCE 2002, comm No 50, p 36 183

CA Paris 7.11.2001, D 2002, jur 2373 170

CA Paris 7.11.2001, Le´gipresse 2001, No 187, I, 158 177

CA Paris 4.4.2002, CCE 2003, comm No 11, p 40 194

CA Pau 22.1.2001, D 2002, 2375 168

CA Toulouse 10.12.2002, Fabien Barthez, Le´gipresse 2003, No 202, III, 103 193

CA Versailles 14.9.1989, Gaz Pal 1990, 1, somm 123 178

CA Versailles 31.1.1991, Belmondo, Gaz Pal 1992, 2, 534 174

CA Versailles 6.3.1991, Ann prop ind 1991, 153 200

CA Versailles 30.6.1994, D 1995, jur 645 169

CA Versailles 2.10.1996, D 1998, somm 79 183

CA Versailles 7.12.2000, Caroline de Bendern, Le´gipresse 2001, No 179, III, 35 179

CA Versailles 11.10.2001, Le´gipresse 2002, No 189, I, 21 194

CA Versailles 22.11.2001, Depardieu c Paris-Match, Le´gipresse 2002, No 189, I, 29 175

CA Versailles 22.11.2001, Le´gipresse 2002, No 189, III, 37 177

Cass civ 14.3.1900, Whistler, S 1900, I, 489 183

Cass civ 27.11.1963, Rothschild, JCP 1965, II, 14443 182

Cass civ 12.7.1966, Ge´rard Philippe, D 1967, jur 181 182

Cass civ 19.12.1967, D 1968, jur 277 171

Cass civ 26.5.1970, D 1970, jur 520 171

Cass civ 2.1.1971, Gunther Sachs, D 1971, jur 263 15 , 152

Cass civ 18.5.1972, Les e´crous de la haine, JCP 1972, II, 17209 185

Cass civ 3.12.1980, D 1981, jur 221 174

Cass civ 13.2.1985, D 1986, somm 51 174

Cass civ 17.11.1987, Bull civ 1987, I, No 301 189

Cass civ 31.1.1989, D 1989, inf rap 48 184

Cass civ 20.11.1990, JCP 1992, II, 21908 179

Cass civ 28.5.1991, D 1992, jur 213 171

Cass civ 20.10.1993, D 1994, jur 594 171

Cass civ 16.7.1998, D 1999, jur 541 153

Cass civ 6.10.1998, D 1999, somm 376 170

Cass civ 14.12.1999, JCP 2000, II, 10241 203

Cass civ 25.1.2000, D 2000, somm 271 153 , 173

Cass civ 30.5.2000, Johnny Halliday, JCP 2001, II, 10524 193

Cass civ 30.5.2000, D 2001, somm 1989 194

Cass civ 12.12.2000, JCP 2001, II, 10572, D 2001, jur 2064 173

Cass civ 12.12.2000, Consort Smet c Prisma Presse, D 2001, somm 1987 187

Cass civ 20.12.2000, Erignac, JCP 2001, II, 10488 5 , 179 – 80

Cass civ 20.2.2001, Attentat Saint-Michel, D 2001, jur 1199, JCP 2001, II, 10533 5 ,

177 , 180 , 181

Cass civ 12.7.2001, D 2002, jur 1380; JCP 2002, II, 10152 5 , 177 , 181

Cass civ 3.4.2002, Ste´phanie Grimaldi, Le´gipresse 2002, No 195, III, 170 193

Cass civ 9.7.2003, Chandernagor, Le´gipresse 2003, No 205, I, 142 174

Cass civ.13.11.2003, Le´gipresse 2004, No 208,1, 5 5 , 181

Cass civ 20.11.2003, Le´gipresse 2004, No 209, I, 32 203

Cass civ 11.12.2003, Le´gipresse 2004, No 209, III, 28 177

Cass civ 18.12.2003, D 2004, inf rap 254 172

Cass com 12.3.1985, JCP 1985, II, 20400, D 1985, jur 471 200

Cass com 27.2.1990, JCP 1990, II, 21545 200

Cass com 6.5.2003, Ducasse, D 2003, jur 2228, JCP 2003, II, 10169 156

Cass crim 28.2.1874, S 1874, 1, 233 149 , 170

Cass crim 27.5.1972, D 1972, somm 179 186

Cass crim., 21.10.1980, D 1981, jur 72 203

Cass crim 16.3.1994, JCP 1995, II, 22547 172

Cass crim 20.10.1998, D 1999, jur 106; JCP 1999 203

Conseil d’ E ´ tat, 23.12.1815, S 1815–1818, 2, 83 148

TGI Aix-en-Provence 24.11.1988, Raimu, JCP 1989, II, 21329 156 , 204

TGI Bordeaux 19.4.1988, D 1989, jur 93 187

TGI Lyon 17.12.1980, D 1981, jur 202 156 , 191

TGI Marseille(re´f) 18.1.1974, Gaz Pal 1974, I, 282 184

TGI Marseille 29.9.1982, D 1984, jur 64 171

TGI Marseille 8.6.1984, D 1985, somm 323 156

TGI Marseille 11.10.2002, Le´gipresse 2003, No 198, I, 6 194

TGI Nancy (re´f) 15.10.1976, Giscard d’Estaing, JCP 1977, II, 18526 178

TGI Nanterre 18.1.1995, Gaz Pal 1995, I, 279 179

TGI Nanterre 15.2.1995, Gaz Pal 1995, I, 284 194

TGI Nanterre 6.4.1995, Cantona, Gaz Pal 1995, I, 285 156 , 178

TGI Nanterre 12.8.1996, D 1998, somm 79 182

TGI Nanterre 24.8.1996, D somm 79 182

TGI Nanterre 3.3.1999, Le´gipresse 1999, No 162, I, 75 193

TGI Nanterre 15.7.1999, D 2000, somm 272 177

TGI Nanterre 8.2.2000, Le´gipresse 2001, No 182, I, 78 170

TGI Nanterre 12.7.2000, Princesse Caroline de Monaco et Prince Ernst-August de Hanovre c Ste´ Hachette Filipachi Presse, CCE 2001, comm No 69, p 36 183

TGI Nanterre 12.12.2000, Le´gipresse 2001, No 180, I, 45 170

TGI Nanterre 20.12.2000, Claire Chazal, Le´gipresse 2001, No 179, I, 30 193

TGI Nanterre 27.2.2001, Le´gipresse 2001, No 182, I, 78 189

TGI Nanterre 27.3.2001, Le´gipresse 2001, No 184, 108 171

TGI Nanterre 24.4.2001, Le´gipresse 2001, No 183, I, 94 179

TGI Nanterre 29.10.2001, Le´gipresse 2002, No 188, I, 13 177

TGI Nanterre 5.11.2001, Le´gipresse 2002, No 188, I, 13 175 , 181

TGI Nanterre(re´f) 12.11.2001, Odispo c Prisma Presse, Le´gipresse 2002, No 188, I,

14 189 , 192 , 193

TGI Nanterre 12.12.2001, Alain Delon, Le´gipresse 2002, No 189, I, 30 193

TGI Nanterre 3.6.2002, Le´gipresse 2002, No 194, I, 101 177 , 181

TGI Nanterre 1.7.2002, Le´gipresse 2002, No 197, I, 158 177

TGI Nanterre 23.10.2002, Le´gipresse 2003, No 199, I, 23 156

TGI Nanterre 28.10.2002, Le´gipresse 2003, No 200, I, 42 181

TGI Nanterre 15.1.2003, Le´gipresse 2003, No 200, I, 45 192

TGI Nanterre 26.2.2003, Le´gipresse 2003, No 200, I, 42 181

TGI Paris 24.11.1965, Bardot, JCP 1966, II, 14521 167

TGI Paris 18.3.1966, D 1966, jur 566 152

TGI Paris(re´f) 27.2.1970, Papillon, JCP 1970, II, 16293 185

TGI Paris(re´f) 4.4.1970, Pompidou, JCP 1970, II, 16328 178 , 183 , 184

TGI Paris 8.7.1970, Les e´crous de la haine, JCP 1970, II, 16550 174 , 183

TGI Paris(re´f) 23.1.1971, JCP 1971, II, 16758 185

TGI Paris 19.5.1971, 75 RIDA (1973) 143 171

TGI Paris 16.2.1973, D 1973, inf rap 212 194

TGI Paris 28.2.1973, JCP 1973, II, 17401 183

TGI Paris 11.7.1973, JCP 1974, II, 17600 194

TGI Paris 22.11.1973, D 1975, jur 168 184

TGI Paris 27.2.1974, 83 RIDA (1975) 114 167 , 170 , 173

TGI Paris 8.5.1974, Serge Gainsbourg & Jane Berkin, 83 RIDA (1975) 116 192

TGI Paris(re´f) 28.6.1974, Alain Delon & Mireille Darc, D 1974, jur 751 170 , 184 , 192

TGI Paris 3.7.1974, JCP 1974, II, 17873 177

TGI Paris(re´f) 24.2.1975, Leprince-Ringuet, D 1975, jur 438 174

TGI Paris(re´f) 3.12.1975, Pie´plu, D 1977, jur 211 3 , 156 , 169 , 191

TGI Paris(re´f) 22.12.1975, JCP 1976, II, 18410 183

TGI Paris 26.12.1975, JCP 1976, II, 18385 182

TGI Paris 26.2.1976, JCP 1977, IV, 257 194

TGI Paris 2.6.1976, D 1977, jur 364 186

TGI Paris 12.11.1976, JCP 1977, II, 18695 183

TGI Paris 11.1.1977, JCP 1977, II, 18711 202

TGI Paris(re´f) 25.1.1977, Gaz Pal 1977, 2, somm 276 184

TGI Paris 20.4.1977, D 1977, jur 610 188

TGI Paris(re´f) 11.7.1977, Le´on Zitrone, D 1977, jur 700 184

TGI Paris(re´f) 3.9.1980, 107 RIDA (1981) 174 184

TGI Paris 14.11.1980, D 1981, jur 163 184 , 186

TGI Paris(re´f) 27.3.1981, D 1981, jur 324 184

TGI Paris 8.7.1981, Faurisson, D 1982, jur 59 174

TGI Paris 21.10.1981, JCP 1982, II, 19794 184

TGI Paris 19.5.1982, D 1983, jur 147; JCP 1983, II, 19955 202

TGI Paris(re´f) 31.1.1983, D 1984, jur 48 183

TGI Paris 20.4.1983, JCP 1985, II, 20434 178

TGI Paris 27.4.1983, Revue critique du droit international prive´ 1983, 670 186

TGI Paris 6.5.1983, Papon, D 1984, jur 14 174

TGI Paris 25.5.1983, D 1984, somm 332 183 , 186

TGI Paris(re´f) 30.11.1983, D 1984, jur 111 185

TGI Paris 21.12.1983, Noah, Gaz Pal 1984, 2, somm 360 178 , 191

TGI Paris(re´f) 31.1.1984, D 1984, jur 283 189

TGI Paris 3.5.1984, D 1985, somm 14 194

TGI Paris 4.7.1984, D 1985, somm 16 170

TGI Paris(ref) 17.9.1984, D 1985, somm 16 174

TGI Paris, 17.10.1984, Ge´rard Depardieu, D 1985, somm 324 169

TGI Paris 19.12.1984, Jane Birkin, Gaz Pal 1985, 2, somm 398 192

TGI Paris 16.1.1985, Isabelle Adjani, Gaz Pal 1985, 2, somm 399 192

TGI Paris(re´f) 14.5.1985, Giscard d’estaing, D 1986, somm 52 183 , 184

TGI Paris 23.10.1985, Gaz Pal 1987, 1, somm 128 167

TGI Paris 8.1.1986, D 1987, somm 138 170

TGI Paris(re´f) 4.2.1986, D 1987, somm 140 185

TGI Paris 19.3.1986, D 1986, somm 446 175

TGI Paris 30.4.1986, Platini, D 1987, somm 137 156 , 178 , 191

TGI Paris 19.11.1986, Gaz Pal 1987, I, 18 183

TGI Paris 17.12.1986, Gaz Pal 1987, I, 283 188

TGI Paris 25.3.1987, D 1988, somm 198 178

TGI Paris(re´f) 17.6.1987, Le Pen, JCP 1988, II, 20957 174

TGI Paris 4.11.1987, D 1988, somm 199 178

TGI Paris 18.11.1987, D 1988, somm 200 194

TGI Paris 1.6.1988, D 1993, somm 117 200

TGI Paris 25.1.1989, Gaz Pal 1992, 1, somm 66 156

TGI Paris 8.3.1989, Christophe Lambert, Gaz Pal 1992, I, somm 225 192

TGI Paris 2.6.1993, Robert Doisneau, Gaz Pal 1994, 1, 133 169

TGI Paris 5.7.1995, Yves Montand case, D 1996, jur 176 201

TGI Paris(re´f) 4.8.1995, 167 RIDA (1996) 291 156 , 202 , 204

TGI Paris(re´f) 18.1.1996, JCP 1996, II, 22589 203

TGI Paris 13.9.1996, D 1998, comm 79 182

TGI Paris 23.10.1996, Mitterrand, JCP 1997, II, 22844 188 , 202

TGI Paris 13.1.1997, Mitterrand, D 1997, jur 255 187 , 202 , 203

TGI Paris 24.3.1997, Le´gipresse 1997, No 144, I, 99 171

TGI Paris 13.10.1997, Yann Piat, D 1998, jur 154 175

TGI Paris 5.5.1999, D 2000, somm 269 189

TGI Paris 8.9.1999, Prince de Hanovre, D 2000, somm 271 193

TGI Paris 22.9.1999, CCE 2000, comm No 59, p 28 156

TGI Paris 12.9.2000, Le´gipresse 2001, No 180, I, 36 191

TGI Paris 14.3.2001, CCE 2001, comm No 43, p 43 177

TGI Paris 14.5.2001, Le´gipresse 2001, No 184, I, 108 167 , 170 , 177

TGI Paris(re´f) 13.12.2001, CCE 2002, comm No 50, p 36 183

TGI Paris 25.2.2002, Le´gipresse 2002, No 192, III, 109 179 , 181

TGI Paris 13.3.2002, Barthez, Le´gipresse 2002, No 193, I, 86 190

TGI Paris 3.4.2002, Le´gipresse 2002, No 197, I, 150 181

TGI Paris 16.10.2002, Le´gipresse 2002, No 197, I, 151 194

TGI Paris 4.12.2002, Le´gipresse 2003, No 204, I, 115 194

TGI Paris 11.12.2002, Petrucciani et Flory c Prisma Press, Le´gipresse 2003, No 200, I,

50 193

TGI Paris 10.3.2003, Le´gipresse 2003, No 201, I, 68 170

TGI Paris 7.7.2003, Arielle Dombasle, Le´gipresse 2003, No 207, III, 196 167

TGI Seine 9.10.1963, Gaz Pal 1964, I, 173 – Soraya 171

TGI Seine 4.10.1965, JCP 1965, II, 14482 174

TGI Seine 24.11.1965, Brigitte Bardot, JCP 1966, II, 14521

TGI Seine 23.6.1966, Blier, JCP 1966, II, 14875 152

TGI Seine(re´f) 2.11.1966, JCP 1966, II, 14875 195

TGI Strasbourg(re´f) 31.5.1989, D 1989, somm 357 202

TGI Toulouse(re´f) 8.3.2002, Le´gipresse 2002, No 191, I, 53 181

Trib civ Havre 9.2.1924, Gaz Pal 1924, 1, 643 148

Trib civ Nantes 18.12.1902, Gaz Pal 1903, I, 432 190

Trib civ Seine (re´f) 11.4.1855, Soeur Rosalie, Ann prop ind 1860, 167 182

Trib civ Seine 16.6.1858, Rachel, D 1858, 3, 62 147 , 183 , 202

Trib civ Seine 15.2.1882, S 1884, 2, 22 148

Trib civ Seine 20.6.1884, Alexandre Dumas, Ann prop ind 1888, 284 147 , 148

Trib civ Seine 28.1.1896, Ann prop ind 1897, 89 149

Trib civ Seine 30.4.1896, D 1896, 2, 376 147

Trib civ Seine 11.3.1897, D 1898, 2, 359 149

Trib civ Seine 10.2.1955, JCP 1955, II, 8678 190

Trib com Seine 8.6.1886 & CA Paris 18.4.1888, Sarah Bernahardt, Ann prop ind 1894,

351 1 , 154

Trib com Seine 26.2.1963, JCP 1963, II, 13364 173

German Cases

Bundesverfassungsgericht (Federal Constitutional Court)

BVerfG, 24 February 1971, BVerfGE 30, 173 – Mephisto 126

BVerfG, 14 February 1973, BVerfGE 34, 269 – Soraya 102 , 103 , 208

BVerfG, 5 June 1973, BVerfGE 35, 202 – Lebach 117

BVerfG, 3 June 1980, BVerfGE 54, 148 – Eppler 115

BVerfG, 14 September 1989, BVerfGE 80, 367 – Tagebuch II 115

BVerfG, 15 December 1999, BVerfGE 101, 361 – Caroline von Monaco 104 , 221

Reichsgericht (Supreme Court until 1945)

BGH, 18 March 1959, BGHZ 30, 75 – Caterina Valente 3 , 110 , 118 , 143

BGH, 9 October 1959, GRUR 1960, 144 – Bambi 120

BGH, 4 June 1974, GRUR 1974, 797 – Fiete Schulze 128 , 139

BGH, 2 July 1974, GRUR 1975, 561 – Nacktaufnahmen 106

BGH, 10 May 1975, BGHZ 24, 200 – Spa¨theimkehrer 106 , 114 , 115

BGH, 6 February 1979, GRUR 1979, 425 – Fussballspieler 107

BGH, 26 June 1979, GRUR 1979, 732 – Fussballtor 106 , 107 , 141

BGH, 18 September 1979, BGHZ 75, 160 127

BGH, 27 November 1979, GRUR 1980, 259 – Walhlkampfphoto 118

BGH, 20 January 1981, NJW 1981, 1366 – Wallraff 115

BGH, 26 June 1981, BGHZ 81, 75 – Carrera 102

BGH, 9 February 1982, GRUR 1982, 318 – Schwarzer Filz 139

BGH, 8 November 1984, GRUR 1985, 876 – Tchibo/Rolex I 120

BGH, 14 October 1986, GRUR 1987, 128 – Nena 134 , 141

BGH, 10 March 1987, GRUR 1987, 464 – BND-Interna 115

BGH, 8 June 1989, BGHZ 107, 384 – Emil Nolde 126

BGH, 14 April 1992, NJW 1992, 2084 – Joachim Fuchsberger 102

BGH, 23 September 1992, BGHZ 119, 237 – Universita¨tsemblem 109 , 110 , 132

BGH, 12 July 1994, GRUR 1994, 913 – Namensliste 117

BGH, 15 November 1994, BGHZ 128, 1 – Caroline von Monaco I 103 – 4 , 139 , 146

BGH, 14 November 1995, GRUR 1996, 195 – Gedenkmedaille 107

BGH, 19 December 1995, BGHZ 131, 332 – Caroline von Monaco II 103 , 116 , 220

BGH, 30 January 1996, NJW 1996, 1131 – Lohnkiller 142

BGH, 26 November 1996, NJW 1997, 1148 – Chefarzt 142

BGH, 1 December 1999, BGHZ 143, 214 – Marlene Dietrich I 4 , 10 , 102 , 104 – 5 , 106 ,

108 , 120 , 126 , 127 , 128 , 130 , 134 , 144 , 211 , 216

BGH, 1 December 1999, GRUR 2000, 715 – Der blaue Engel 104 , 106 , 120

BGH, 27 January 2000, GRUR 2000, 818 – Telefonwerbung IV 115

BGH, 23 November 2000, GRUR 2001, 242 – Classe E 123

BGH, 2 November 2000, GRUR 2001, 329 – Gemeinkostenanteil 144

Bundesgerichtshof (Federal Supreme Court)

BGH, 22 November 2001, BGHZ 149, 191 – shell.de 111

BGH, 20 December 2001, GRUR 2002, 637 – Werbefinanzierte Telefongespra¨che 115

BGH, 14 May 2002, BGHZ 151, 26 – Marlene Dietrich II 104 , 108

BGH, 13 June 2002, GRUR 2002, 1072 – SYLT-Kuh 123

BGH, 26 June 2003, BGHZ 155, 273 – maxem.de 109

BGH, 19 February 2004, GRUR 2004, 619 – kurt-biedenkopf.de 109

Oberlandesgerichte (Courts of Appeal)

Kammergericht (KG=OLG Berlin), 30 September 1980, UFITA 90 (1981) 163 – Rocksa¨nger 107

KG, 8 February 1983, GRUR 1983, 507 – Totenmaske II 106

KG, 8 June 2002, AfP 2003, 434 115

OLG Dresden 4 April 2000, NJW 2001, 615 – Johann Sebastian Bach 122

OLG Frankfurt, 23 February 1984, GRUR 1984, 520 – Schlu ¨ mpfe 120

OLG Hamburg, 21 May 1981, AfP 1982, 41 115

OLG Hamburg, 8 May 1989, GRUR 1989, 666 – Heinz Erhardt 119 , 126 , 209

OLG Hamburg, 8 December 1994, AfP 1996, 69 103

OLG Hamburg, 13 January 2004, MMR 2004, 413 – Oliver Kahn 106 , 107

OLG Mu ¨ nchen, 21 December 1981, AfP 1982, 230 – amerikanische Liebesschulen 130

OLG Mu ¨ nchen, 28 July 1983, ZUM 1985, 448 – Sammelbilder 130

OLG Mu ¨ nchen, 6 July 1995, NJW-RR 1996, 1260 – The Beatles 123

Landgerichte (District Courts)

LG Hamburg, 25 April 2003, ZUM 2003, 689 – Oliver Kahn 106 , 107

Bundespatentgericht (Federal Patents Court)

BPatG, 25 November 1997, BPatGE 40, 6 – Mona Lisa 122

Bundesverwaltungsgericht (Federal Administrative Court)

BVerwG, 8 February 1974, BVerwGE 44, 351 109

United Kingdom Cases

A v B plc [2002] EWCA Civ 337; (2002) 2 All ER 545 77 , 86 , 87 , 88 , 93

American Cyanamid Co v Ethicon Ltd [1975] AC 396 18

Anheuser Busch Inc v Budejovicky Budvar NP [1984] FSR 413 16

Annabel’s (Berkeley Square) Ltd v Schock [1972] RPC838 28

Argll v Argyll [1967] Ch 302 86

Arsenal Football Club plc v Reed [2003] 3 All ER 865 (CA) 22 , 32

Arsenal Football Club plc v Reed [2003] 3 All ER (EC) 1 123

Associated Newspapers Group plc v Insert Media Ltd [1991] FSR 380 28

Attorney General v Guardian Newspapers (No 2) [1990] 1 AC 109 77 , 85 , 86 , 91

AUDI-MED Trade Mark [1998] RPC863 32

Barrymore v News Group Newsppaers Ltd [1997] FSR 600 86

BBC Worlwide Ltd v Pally Screen Printing Ltd [1998] FSR 665 22

Berkoff v Burchill [1996] 4 All ER 1008 82 , 83

Bernstein v Skyviews & General Ltd [1978] QB 479 80

Blair v Associated Newspapers plc (QBD), 13 November 2000 86

Blennerhasset v Novelty Sales Services Ltd (1933) 175 LT 392

British Diabetic Association v Diabetic Society Ltd [1995] 4 All ER 812 17

British Legion v British Legion Club (Street) Ltd (1991) 48 RPC555 20 , 30

British Telecommunications plc & Others v One in a Million Ltd (1999) FSR 1 15

Bulmer (H P) Ltd & Showerings Ltd v Bollinger S A [1978] RPC79 19

Campbell v MGN Ltd [2002] EWCA Civ 1373 79 , 88 , 225 , 225

Campbell v MGN Ltd [2004] UKHL 22 77 , 79 , 86 , 87 , 87 , 88 , 88 , 90 – 2 , 91 , 221 , 225

Chandler v Thompson (1811) 1 Camp 80, 170 ER 1312 80

Charleston v News Group Newspapers [1992] 2 WLR 450 82

Chocosuisse Union des Fabricants Suisses de Chocolat v Cadbury Ltd [1999] RPC 826 13

Clark v Associated Newspapers Ltd [1998] 1 All ER 959 17

Clark v Freeman (1848) 11 Beav 112 17 , 18 , 29 , 37

Clock Ltd (The) v The Clock House Hotel Ltd (1936) 53 RPC 269 15 , 20 , 21 , 27

Coco v A N Clark Engineers Ltd [1969] RPC 41 86

Consorzio del Prosicutto di Parma v Marks & Spencer plc [1991] RPC 351 15 , 16

CORGI Trade Mark [1999] RPC 549 32

County Sound plc v Ocean Sound Ltd [1991] FSR 367 15

Cowley v Cowley [1901] AC 450 56

Cream Holdings Ltd v Banerjee [2003] All ER 318 91

Creation Records Ltd v News Group Newspapers Ltd [1997] EMLR 444 87 , 88

Debenham v Anckorn, The Times, March 5 1921 83

Derbyshire County Council v Times Newspapers [1993] AC 536 91

Dockrell v Dougall (1989) 15 TLR 333 17 , 29 , 37 , 82 , 83

Donaldson v Beckett (1774) 2 Bro PC 129 48

Douglas v Hello! Ltd (No 1) [2001] 2 WLR 992 77 , 85 , 88 , 89 , 91

Douglas v Hello! Ltd (No 2) [2003] EWHC 786 (Ch) 79 , 88 , 91 , 92 , 93

DuBoulay v DuBoulay (1869) LR 2 PC 430 56

Durant v Financial Services Authority [2003] EWHC Civ 1746 79

ELIZABETH EMANUEL Trade Mark [2004] RPC 293 17

ELVIS PRESLEY Trade Marks [1997] RPC 543 4

ELVIS PRESLEY Trade Marks [1999] RPC 567 22 , 23 , 123

Erven Warnink BV v Townend & Sons (Hull) Ltd [1979] AC 731 15 , 20

Ewing v Buttercup Margarine Ltd [1917] 2 Ch 1 20

Forbes v Kemsley Newspapers Ltd [1951] 68 RPC 183 17

Garbett v Hazell, Watson & Viney Ltd & Others [1943] 2 All ER 359 83

Halliwell v Panini (Unreported, High Court, Chancery Division, 6 June 1997) 18 , 21

Harrods Ltd v Harrodian School Ltd [1990] RPC 697 30 , 32

Harrods Ltd v R Harrod Ltd (1924) 41 RPC 74 20 , 28

Harrods Ltd v Schwartz-Sackin & Co Ltd [1986] FSR 490 13

Hayward & Co v Hayward & Sons (1887) 34 Ch 198 82

Hellewell v Chief Constable of Derbyshire [1998] 1 WLR 804 86

Hickman v Malsey [1900] 1 QB 752 80

Hines v Winnick (1994) 64 RPC 113 17

Hodgkinson & Corby Ltd v Wards Mobility Ltd [1904] 1 WLR 1564 13

Honeysett v News Chronicle Times, 14 May 1935 82 , 83

Hood v W H Smith and Son Ltd, The Times, November 5 1937 82

Hulton Press Ltd v White Eagle Youth Holiday Camp Ltd (1951) 68 RPC 126 30

Hunter v Canary Wharf Ltd [1997] 2 WLR 684 80

Imutran Ltd v Uncaged Campaigns Ltd [2001] 2 All ER 385 91

Inter Lotto (K) Ltd v Camelot Group plc [2004] RPC 171 16

IRC v Muller & Co’s Margarine Ltd [1901] AC 217 16

Irvine v Talksport Ltd [2002] All ER 414 18 , 20 , 23 , 26 , 31 , 33 , 33

Irvine v Talksport Ltd [2003] EWCA Civ 423 18 , 31

Kaye v Robertson [1991] FSR 62 18 , 19 , 55

Kean v McGivan [1982] FSR 119 17

Khodaparast v Shad [2000] EMLR 265 83

Landa v Greenberg (1908) 24 TLR 441 17

Lego System Aktieselskab v Lego M Lemelstrich Ltd [1983] FSR 155 20 , 30

Lennon v News Group Newspapers Ltd [1978] FSR 573 86 , 225

Lyngstad v Anabas Products Ltd [1977] FSR 62 7 , 18 , 20 , 21

Mail Newspapers v Insert Media (No 2) [1988] 2 All ER 420 13

McCulloch v Lewis A May (Products Distributors) Ltd (1968) 65 RPC 58 7 , 20 , 30

Mills v News Group Newspapers Ltd [2001] EMLR 145 87 , 91

Mirage Studios v Counter-Feat Cothing Co Ltd [1991] FSR 145 20 , 22

Modern Fiction v Fawcett (1949) 66 RPC 230 17

Monson v Tussauds Ltd [1894] 1 QB 671 83

O’ Shea v MGN Ltd and Free4internet.net Ltd [2001] EMLR 943 83

Oasis Stores Ltd’s Trade Mark Application [1991] RPC 631 32

Parker & Son (Reading) Ltd v Parker [1965] RPC 323 17

Parmiter v Coupland (1840) 6 M&W 108 82

Plumb v Jeyes Sanitary Compounds Co Ltd Times, 15 April 1997 83

Poiret v Jules Poiret Ltd (1920) 37 RPC 177 17

Pollard v Photographic Co (1839) 40 ChD 345 93

Prince Albert v Strange (1848) 2 DeG & Sm 652, 64 ER 293 49 , 85

Prince Albert v Strange (1849) 1 Mac & G 25, 41 ER 1171 49 , 85

R v Broadcasting Complaints Commission, ex parte Barclay [1997] EMLR 62 80

R v Department of Health, ex parte Source Informatics Ltd [2001] QB 426 86

R v Home Secretary, ex parte Simms [2000] 2 AC 115 91

Radcliffe v Evans [1892] 2 QB 524 82

Reckitt and Colman Ltd v Borden Inc [1990] 1 WLR 491 7 , 15

Reddaway v Banham [1896] AC 199 15 , 19

Reynolds v Times Newspapers Ltd [1999] 3 WLR 1010 81 , 91

River Wear Commissioners v Adamson (1876) 1 QBD 551 63

Rodgers (Joseph) & Sons Ltd v W N Rodgers & Co [1924] 41 RPC 277 17

Rookes v Barnard [1964] AC 1129 81

Routh v Webster (1849) 10 Beav 561 (50 Eng Rep 698) 29

Scott v Sampson (1882) 8 QBD 491 82

Sheimer (M) Sdn Bhd’s Trade Mark Application [2000] RPC 484 32

Shelley Films Ltd v Rex Features Ltd [1994] EMLR 134 87 , 88

Sim v HJ Heinz Co Ltd [1959] 1 WLR 313 17 , 29 , 82

Sim v Stretch (1936) 52 TLR 669 82

Spalding (AG) & Bros v Gamage (AW) Ltd (1915) 84 LJ Ch 449 15 , 19 , 27

Star Industrial Co Ltd v Yap Kwee Kor [1976] FSR 256 16 , 27

Stephens v Avery [1988] Ch 449 86

Stockwell v Kellog Company of Great Britain Times, 31 July 1973 83

Stringfellow v McCain Foods Ltd [1984] RPC 501 28

Tapling v Jones (1865) 11 HLC 290, 11 ER 1344 80

Tattinger SA v Allbev Ltd [1993] FSR 641 32

Tavener Rutledge Ltd v Trexapalm Ltd [1977] RPC 275 20

Theakston v MGN Ltd [2002] EMLR 398 86

Tolley v Fry & Sons [1930] 1 KB 467 82

Tolley v Fry & Sons [1931] AC 333 3 , 83 , 98

Venables v News Group Newspapers Ltd [2001] WLR 1038 87

Wainwright v Home Office [2003] UKHL 53 63 , 76 , 77 , 86 , 89 , 93

Walker v Brewster [1867] LR 5 Eq 2 80

White v Jones [1995] 2 AC 207 211

Wombles v Wombles Skips Ltd [1975] FSR 488 20

Woodward v Hutchins [1971] WLR 760 225

Youssoupoff v Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Pictures Ltd (1934) 50 TLR 581 82

United States Cases

Abdul-Jabbar v General Motors Corp, 85F 3d 407 (9th Cir 1996) 70

Allison v Vintage Sports Plaques 136F 3d 1443 (11th Cir 1998) 68

Atkinson v John E Doherty & Co 80 NW 285 (1899) 64

Barber v Time Inc 159 SW 2d 291 (1948) 55

Bi-Rite Enterprises Inc v Button Master 555F Supp 1188 (1983) 71

Bonito Boats Inc v Thunder Craft Boats Inc 489 US 141 (1989) 13

Booth v Curtis Publishing Co 15 AD 343 74

Cain v Hearst Corp 878 SW 2d 577 (Tex 1994) 85

Canessa v J I Kislak Inc 97 N J Super 327, 235 A 2d 62 (1967) 72

Carson v Here’s Johnny Portable Toilets Inc 698F 2d 831 (6th Cir 1983) 7 , 70

Central Hudson Gas & Elec Corp v Public Service Commission of New York 447 US 557 (1980) 73

Cheatham v Paisano Publications Inc 891 F Supp 381 (W D Ky 1995) 69

Cher v Forum Intern Ltd 692 F 2d 634 (CA Cal 1982) 72

Comedy III Productions Inc v Gary Saderup Inc 106 Cal Reptr 2d 126 (Cal 2001) 73 , 75

Compco Corp v Day-Brite Lighting Inc 376 US 234 (1964) 13

Corliss v Walker 57 Fed Rep 434 (1893) 64

Costanza v Seinfeld 719 NYS 2d 29 (NY AD 1 Dept, 2001) 71

Douglass v Hustler Magazine Inc 769F 2d 1128 70

Dun and Bradstreet Inc v Greenmoss Builders Inc 472 US 749 74

Edison v Edison Polyform Mfg Co, 67 A 392 (1907) 1 , 9 , 52

Elvis Presley Enterprises Inc v Capece 950 F Supp 783 (S D Tex, 1996) 69

Estate of Presley v Russen 513F Supp 1339 (1981) 71

Factors Etc Inc v Pro Arts Inc 579 F 2d 215 (1978) 214

First Victoria National Bank v United States 620 F 2d 1096 (1980) 215

Flake v Greensboro News Co 195 SE 55 (1938) 9 , 53

Florida Bar v Went for It Inc 515 US 618 (1995) 73

44 Liquormart Inc v Rhode Island 517 US 484 (1996) 73

Gautier v Pro-Football Inc 106 NYS 2d 553 (1951) 53 , 64

Grant v Esquire Inc 367 F Supp 876 (SDNY 1973) 69

Griswold v Connecticut 381 US 479 (1965) 54

Haelan Laboratories Inc v Topps Chewing Gum Inc 202 F 2d 866 (2nd Cir 1953) 9 , 41 ,

64 – 6 , 70 , 71 , 214

Henley v Dillard Dept Stores 46 F Supp 2d 587 (N D Tex, 1999) 69 , 70

Hirsch v S C Johnson & Sons Inc NW 2d 129 (1979) 70

Hoffman v Capital Cities/ABC Inc 255 F 3d 1180 (9th Cir 2001) 75

Hogan v A S Barnes & Co Inc 114 USPQ 314 (Pa Comm Pl 1957) 66

Howell v New York Post Co 612 NE 2d 699 (NY 1993) 51

International News Service v Associated Press 248 US 215 (1918) 13 , 66 , 67

Lake v Wal-Mart Stores Inc, 582 NW 2d 231 (Minn 1998) 85

Landham v Lewis Galoob Toys Inc 227 F 3d 619 (6th Cir 2000) 69

Lerman v Chuckleberry Publishing Inc 521 F Supp 228 (SDNY 1981) 69

Lugosi v Universal Pictures Cal 603 P 2d 425 (1979) 59

Martin Luther King Jr Center for Social Change Inc v American Products Inc 694 F 2d 674 (11th Cir 1983) 41 , 71

Matthews v Wozencraft 15 F 3d 432 (5th Cir 1994) 75

Melvin v Read 297 P 91 (1931) 56

Memphis Development Foundation v Factors etc Inc 616 F 2d 956 (1980) 71

Messenger v Gruner & Jahr Printing and Pub 208 F 3d 122 (2nd Cir 2000) 51 , 74

Morris v Danna 411 F Supp 1300 (1976) 54

Motschenbacher v R J Reynolds Tobacco Co 498 F 2d 821 (9th Circ 1974) 40 , 66 , 69 , 70

Newcombe v Adolf Coors Co 157F 3d 686 (9th Cir 1996) 81

O’ Brien v Pabst Sales Co 124 F 2d 167 (5th Cir 1941) 64

Ohralik v Ohio State Bar Association 436 US 447 72

Palmer v Schonhorn Enterprises Inc A 2d 458, 462 (NJ Super 1967) 66 , 69

Paramount Pictures Inc v Leader Press Inc 24 F Supp 1004 (1938) 64

Paulsen v Personality Posters Inc 299 NYS 2d 501 (1968) 74

Pavesich v New England Life Insurance Co 50 SE 68 (1905) 9 , 51 – 2 , 58 , 62 , 64 , 209 , 210

Pirone v MacMillan Inc 894 F 2d 579 (2nd Cir 1990) 72

Renwick v News and Observer Publishing Co 312 SE 2d 405 85

Roberson v Rochester Folding Box Co 171 NY 538 (1902) 50 – 1 , 51 , 52 , 64 , 82

Roe v Wade 410 US 113 (1973) 54

Rogers v Grimaldi 875 F 2d 994 (2nd Cir 1989) 7 , 69 , 75

Rosenberg v Martin 478 F 2d 520 (1973) 54

Ruffin-Steinback v dePasse 82 F Supp 2d 723 (E D Mich 2000) 75

Russell v Marboro Books 183 NYS 2d 8 (1999) 81

Schuyler v Curtis 15 NYS 787 (Sup Cy 1891) 64

Sears, Roebuck & Co v Stiffel Co 376 US 225 (1964) 13

Shields v Gross 461 NYS 2d 254 213

Sperry Rand Corp v Hill 356 F 2d 181 (1966) 81

Stanley v Georgia 394 US 357 (1969) 54

State of Tennessee, ex rel The Elvis Presley International Memorial Foundation v Crowell 733 SW 2d 89 (1987) 41 , 71

Stephano v News Group Publications 485 NYS 2d 220 (Ct App 1984) 71

Stricker v National Broadcasting Co 167 F Supp 68 (SD Cal 1958) 66

Time Inc v Hill 385 US 374 74

Time Inc v Sand Creek Partners 285 F Supp 213 92

Titan Sports Inc v Comics World Corp 870 F 2d 85 (2nd Cir 1989) 74 , 75

Uhlaender v Henricksen 316 F 2d 821 (1974) 66

Waits v Frito-Lay Inc 978 F 2d 1093 (9th Cir 1992) 69 , 70 , 72

Waring v WDAS Broadcasting Station 35 USPQ 272 (1937) 66

WCVB-TV v Boston Athletic Association 926 F 2d 42 (1st Cir 1991) 215

Wheaton v Peters 26–33 US 1055 (1834) 48

White v Samsung Inc 971 F 2d 1395 (9th Cir 1992) rehearing denied 989 F 2d 1512 (9th Cir 1993) 70 , 74

Winters v New York 333 US 507 (1948) 73 , 222

Zacchini v Scripps-Howard Broadcasting Co 433 US 362 (1977) 67 – 8 , 73 , 222

Zim v Western Publishing Co 573 F 2d 1318 (1978) 72

Table of Canadian legislation

British Columbia Privacy Act 1996 35

Manitoba Privacy Act 1987 35

Newfoundland Privacy Act 1990 35

Quebec Charter of Human Rights and Freedoms 35 , 44

Quebec Civil Code 36

Saskatchewan Privacy Act 1978 35

Table of French legislation

Code civil (Civil Code)

Table of German legislation

Bayerisches Pressgesetz (Bavarian Press Act)

Bu¨rgerliches Gesetzbuch (BGB)1900 (Civil Code) (cont.)

Table of United Kingdom legislation

Consumer Protection Act 1987

Data Protection Act 1998 (cont.)

Table of United States legislation

California Civil Code (Astaire Celebrity Image Protection Act)

Table of International Instruments

European Convention on the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms

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