mang Viet Nam, Cuang ITnh xdy dyng dat nude trong thdi ky qua dg len chii nghTa xa hoi bd sung, phat triln nam 2011 da khang djnh, xa hpi xa hpi chu nghTa md nhan ddn ta xdy dyng cd 8 dg
Trang 1HIEN THyC HOA NHUNG DAC TRUNG
CUA XA HQI XA HQI CHU NGHIA LA VEU CAU
CUA THVC TIEN VA N O I DUNG CHU VEU
CUA CONG CUOC DOI M 6 | Of NUOC TA HIEN NAY
ThS PH/iM TH| MINH PHU<?NG
BO mdn Nhfi-ng NLCB ciia CIV Mdc - Linln Khoa Ly lu^n - Chinh tri
Trudng Dpi hgc Giao thdng V(hi Idi
Tdm tdt: Ngay lie ndm 1930 trong cuang iTnh ddu lien cua minh Dang ta dd djnh huong
ca ban cho md hinh ihu nghia xd hpi (CNXH) a Vipl Nam Trai qua cdc thai ky Ijch str khdc nhau md hinh dy dd ddn ddn dugc bd sung vd hodn thipn Trong Ctrang iTnh xd)' dirng ddt nude trong ilvh ky qua dp ten CNXH (bd sung, phdt trien ndm 2011), Dang ta dd dua ra md hinh CNXH a Vipt Nam gom 8 ddc trung Tirng birdc Idm cho nhirng ddc trung dd tra thdnh hien thgc se ndng cao ddn mirc sdng cua nhdn ddn tren mgi tinh vtrc cua ddt sdng xd hgi cung cd mem tin ctia nhdn ddn vdo chii nghTa Mdc - Lenin, v 'm su lanh iao^-ua Dang cgng san, dpi lien phong cua giai cdp cdng nhdn vdo tinh mi vi?t cua CNXH td dieu kien de giu virng nen ddc lap ddn tdc, tirng budc tgo dieu kien de Vi^t Nam hdi nhpp, ma rdng quan he vd' cdc nude khdc tren the gidi
Summary: From 19S0 in the first platform, our Party oriented the model of Viet Nam's socialism During our history, thai model has been completed gradually Our model of socialism consists of 8 features Making all of those features become reality-will improve the livings of our people in oilfields: strengthening the belief of our people in Marxism - Lenism in the leading of our comunist Party, in the prior feature of Socialism, is the condition lo keep our independence:
lo help Viet Nam intergrale open relation with other countries in the world
I DAT VAN DE '"^'^- ^' *^^~'"8 ^^*^^ ^^^ hdnh" (3) Dd Id xa hdi
bao nhieu Ipi ich deu vi dan, bao nhieu quyen
Di len xay dyng chii nghTa xa hpi la khat ; • - - u - i • , i ,*•
•^ ^ " , hgn deu bai dan, quyen hanh va lyc lupng deu
vgng ciia nhan dan ta, la sy lya chpn dimg ddn , , ^ , • i. - •
° ' V V V o jj i^jji dan Trong phgm vi bai \iet nay Clia Ddng cpng sdn Viet Nam vd Chii tjch Hd , , ^ , i ,: , , , ,
-" ° , chung toi dl Iv giai van de: Hion thyc hoa Chi Minh, phii hpp vdi \u the phdt trien eiia _ j - _ , , , ,
•-' *•-' jf •" nhung dac trung cua xa hpi xa hpi chu nghia lich sir, Theo Hd Chi Minh, xdy dyng chii , x , , ^.x -• t - =•„
•^ " la yeu cau cua thyc tien va npi dung chu yeu
nghTa xa hpi Id "Idm sao cho dan giau nude - A - i -•
=* ^ , cua cong cupc doi moi a nuoc ta hien nay
mgnh" (I) Id "nhdm nang cao ddi sdng vgt
chdt vd vdn hod ciia nhan dan" (2), Id "nude ta |i_ ;yoi DXJNG
hodn todn dupe dpc lgp, dan ta dupe hodn Tham nhuan chii nghTa Mdc - Lenin, tu
Trang 2mang Viet Nam, Cuang ITnh xdy dyng dat
nude trong thdi ky qua dg len chii nghTa xa
hoi (bd sung, phat triln nam 2011) da khang
djnh, xa hpi xa hpi chu nghTa md nhan ddn ta
xdy dyng cd 8 dgc trung: Ddn giau, nude
manh, dan chii, cdng bang, vdn minh; do nhan
ddn 1dm chu; cd nen kinh te phdt trien cao dya
tren lyc lupng sdn xudt hipn dai vd quan hp
san xudt tien bp, phii hpp; cd nen van hoa lien
tiln, dam da ban sdc dan tpc; con ngudi cd
cugc sdng dm no ty do hgnh phuc cd dieu
kipn phdt triln todn dipn; cdc dan tpc trong
cpng ddng Vipt Nam binh ddng, dodn ket tdn
trpng va giiip nhau cimg phat trien; cd Nhd
nude phap quyen xd hpi chii nghTa eiia nhdn
dan, do nhdn dan vi nhan dan do Ddng cdng
san lanh dao; cd quan he hiiu nghj va hpp tdc
vdi cdc nude tren the gidi Hien thyc hod
nhiing ddc trimg nay da vd dang Id yeu cdu
cua thyc lien vd npi dung chii yeu ciia cdng
cupc ddi mdi d nude ta hien nay Vdn de nay
xuat phat tir nhirng can cu sau:
Thu nhat: Trdi qua Ijch su hdng ngdn
nam chdng giac ngogi xam phuong Bac vd
hang tram nam chdng dl qudc Phdp vd My
vdi bao hy sinh xuong mau mdi gidnh dupe
chinh quyIn, thdng nhdt dat nude Nhan dan
Viet Nam chi cd mdt nguyen vgng thiet tha la
dupe thodt khdi mpi dp hire, bdc Igt, bat cong,
dupe 1dm chii ban than minh, que huong, Td
qudc minh, dupe sdng trong hoa binh dn djnh,
ddn giau, nude mgnh, xa hdi cdng bdng, van
minh, Nguyen vong dd khdng nhirng phii hpp
vdi xu thi phat trien ciia Ijch sir md con phii
hpp vdi myc tieu ly tudng cua Dang, cua giai
cdp cdng nhan Sy thdng nhdt den dp ddng
nhat nguyen vpng, yeu cau ciia nhan dan vdi
muc tieu, ly tudng ciia giai cdp cdng nhdn ddi
hdi tiln trinh each mgng XHCN phdi Id qud
trinh hien thuc hod tung budc myc tieu
Tap chi KHOA HQC GIAO THONG VAN TAI
CNXH, nang cao dan mire sdng ciia nhdn dan tren mpi ITnh vyc ciia ddi song xa hgi Chii tjch Hd Chi Minh da tirng khdng djnh; "Chiing
ta gidnh dupe ty do dgc lgp roi md ddn cir chit ddi, chet ret thi ty do dpc lap ciing khdng Idm
gi Dan chi bilt ro gid trj ty do, ddc lap khi ddn dupe an no mac dii (4)",
Cach mang la sy nghiep ciia quan chimg Qudn chiing cd sire mgnh to Idn va nang lyc sang tgo phi thudng Nhung sire manh vd nang lyc sang tgo dd chi dupe phat huy khi cd sy lanh dgo ciia mpt Dang each mang chan chinh Trdch nhiem lanh dao cua Dang ta chinh la khai day, td chirc vd phdt huy sire mgnh to Idn dd ciia qudn chiing nhan dan Chii tjch Ho Chi Minh da chi rd; Dang vd Chinh phu phdi hit sire chdm lo ddi song ciia ddn; nlu ddn ddi Id Dang vd Chinh phu cd Idi; neu ddn ret la Ddng va Chinh phii cd Idi; neu dan ddt Id Dang vd Chinh phu cd I6i, nlu dan dm
la Ddng vd Chinh phii cd Idi Theo ngudi, muc dich cua CNXH la "khdng ngii'ng nang cao ddi sdng vat chdt va tinh thdn ciia nhdn dan, trudc hit la nhan dan lao ddng" Nguyen vpng thilt tha, ham muon tgt bac ciia Ngudi la: "Lam sao cho ddt nude ta hodn todn dupe ddc lap, ddn ta hoan toan dupe tu do, dong bao ai ciing cd cam an do mac, ai cting dupe hpc hdnh" (5), Nhu vay, hien thyc hod nhiing dac trung ciia xa hpi XHCN, nang cao ddn muc sdng ciia mpi tang Idp nhan dan trong xa hgi Id trach nhiem cua Ddng vd Nhd nude ta
Thu hith Niem tin cua nhdn dan vdo Chii
nghTa Mac - Lenin, vao sy lanh dgo ciia Dang, vdo chii nghTa xa hdi, tinh uu viet ciia CNXH
so vdi CNTB, phy thudc vdo qua trinh hien thyc hoa nhung dgc trung ciia xa hdi XHCN Mpt trong nhiJ-ng ddng lyc chu yeu thuc day hogt dpng cua con ngudi Id Ipi ich Timg budc
109 S6 37-03/2012
Trang 3hipn thyc hod nhiing myc tieu ciia CNXH Id
tirng budc dem Igi nhtT-ng Ipi ich vua cdn bdn
vira trudc mdt cho mpi ngudi Tren co sd Ipi
ich timg budc ddp irng thi niem tin ciia mgi
ngudi vao sy Idnh dgo ciia Dang, vao CNXH
ngay cang dupe ciing co, thiic day d hp tinh
tich eye each mgng trong qud trinh sdng tgo xd
hpi mdi,
Dudi sy Idnh dgo ciia Ddng, nhdn dan ta
tham gia cupc each mgng xd hdi chii nghTa
nhdm xoa bd dp buc, bdc Ipt vd xay dyng cugc
song am no, ty do, hgnh phuc Do dd, tirng
budc hipn thyc hod nhiing myc tieu nay, dua
nhdn ddn trd thdnh ngudi chii quan ly xd hpi
vd dupe hudng ty do, hgnh phuc thyc sy trd
thanh dpng lye mgnh m€ Neu ngupc Igi, dgng
lyc cua sy nghipp cdch mgng se bj kim ham,
thdm chi bj tript tieu Duong thdi, cdc nhd
kinh dien ciia Chii nghTa Mac - Lenin da rat
chii y den tinh thyc tiln ciia hgc thuyet do cac
dng sang tgo ra C.Mdc vd Ph.Angghen da
tung khdng dinh: Chii nghTa cgng san la mgt
qud trinh van ddng het sue mang tinh thyc
tiln, Sau ndy, V.I Lenin mpt idn niia nhdn
mgnh: "Dilu ma tdi ludn ludn quan tam tdi la
myc dich thyc tien" (6) Sire sdng cua chii
nghTa Mac - Lenin, sy trudng thdnh ciia cdc
Ddng cpng sdn dupe chung minh thdng qua
ket qud ciia sy vgn dyng sang tgo chii nghTa
Mac - Lenin vao hoan canh ciia mdi nude
Nhung nam vtra qua, cdng cugc ddi mdi
ciia chimg ta da dgt dupe mpt so thdnh tyu
nhat djnh Nhiing thdnh tyu dd cho phep
chiing ta khang djnh dudng Idi, chii truang,
nhiing chinh sach ciia Dang ve ddi mdi Id
dimg ddn, budc di la thich hpp Dd thyc sy Id
thdnh tyu cua chii nghTa Mac - Lenin vd tu ludng Ho Chi Minh Dd Id ca sd thyc lien chirng minh tinh dung ddn ciia hpc thuyet Mac
- Lenin, tu ludng Ho Chi Minh vd tgo dieu kipn de phdt trien sang tgo hgc thuyet ndy nhdm cung co, tdng cudng nIn tang tu tudng ciia each mgng Vipt Nam
Thtr ha: Hipn thyc hod nhiing d§c trung
ciia xa hpi XHCN Id dieu kipn giii viing nIn dpc lgp dan tgc Dpc lgp dan tpc gan lien vdi CNXH la con dudng duy nhdt dimg ddn md Ddng vd dan tpc ta lya chpn Chi cd dpc lap thgt sy mdi tgo dieu kipn de xdy dyng CNXH
va chi cd xay dyng CNXH thi mdi thyc sy cd dpc lap cho Td qudc, ty do, hgnh phiic cho nhdn ddn CNXH Id ddm bdo chdc chdn vd ben viing nhdt cho nen dpc lgp ciia dan tpc
Sy nghipp xay dyng CNXH eiia nhan dan
ta la qua trinh thiet lap che dp 1dm chu ciia nhan dan lao dgng Id qud trinh phat trien mgnh me nen kinh te dya tren ca sd cdng nghp hipn dgi Id qua trinh cdng hiru hod cdc
tu lipu sdn xuat chu yeu de \oa bd tgn gdc che
dp dp buc, bdc Ipt thyc hipn tript de gidi phdng giai cdp, gidi phdng xa hdi vd gidi phdng eon ngudi CNXH thyc sy md dudng dua ddn tpc tdi sy phdt trien phdn vinh ve kinh te, sy phdt trien phong phii, da dang ve van hoa, tinh than, thyc hipn day dii nhdt quyIn lyc ciia nhdn dan Chi cd xay dung CNXH dpc lgp dan tpc mdi dat tdi chan gid trj ciia nd Id hudng tdi phyc vy Ipi ich eiia ngudi lao dgng, Idm cho mgi thanh vien ciia cpng ddng dan tgc trd thanh ngudi chu thyc
sy, cd cupc sdng vat chat ngay cang day dii, cupc sdng tinh than ngay cdng phong phu Su
no Tap chi KHOA HQC GIAO THONG VAN TAI S6 37 03/2012
Trang 4phdt trien thyc chat vd ben vu'ng ciia dpc lap
ddn tpc dupe do bang nhirng kha nang va dieu
kien ddm bdo cho ddn tpc thoat khoi tinh trgng
no le, phu thupc, bi dp hire, bdc Igt Qua trinh
hien thyc hod nhiing dgc trung ciia xa hgi
XHCN chinh Id qua trinh tirng budc dua dan
tpc ta thoat khdi ngheo nan Igc hgu, tut hau
trong tuong quan vdi cac dan tpc khac vd
ngdy cang dat tdi sy giau cd van minh, hipn
dai, cdng bang, binh dang trong cdc moi quan
he giiia ngudi vd ngudi giita cgng ddng ddn
tpc nay vdi cdng ddng dan tpc khac
Hien nay, ke thii dang thuc hipn am muu
va chien lupc dien bien hod binh ddi vdi chung
ta Chiing hdng xod bd che dp ta khdng phdi
bdng phuong thirc gay chien tranh xam lupc
md bdng phuong thuc danh thang vdo cdc yeu
td CO bdn hpp thanh che dp Idm suy ylu nude
ta tir ben trong Vi vay, xa\ dyng cho cac yeu
to ciia CNXH ngay cang vting mgnh, giii vCrng
dn dinh chinh trj, phdt trien san xudt, nang cao
ddi sdng vat chdt va tinh than ciia nhan dan Id
tao tien de, dieu kien ca bdn nhat de chdng
chien lupc "dien bien hoa binh"
Thur ttr Hien thuc hod nhiTng dgc trung
Clia xa hdi XHCN se tiing budc tao dilu kien
de Viet Nam hdi nhgp, md rdng quan he vdi
cac nude khac tren the gidi Trong thdi dai
ngay nay, trudc xu thi qudc te hoa vd khu vuc
hod nen kinh tl, bdt cir qudc gia ndo mudn
phdt triln diu phdi tim cdch hpi nhgp, md
rpng quan he vdi cdc nude tren the gidi Kinh
nghipm Ijch su ddu tranh gidi phdng dan tpc
va cd kinh nghipm 25 nam ddi mdi da cho
thay qud trinh hdi nhgp, md rpng quan he vdi
cac nude khdc tren the gidi nlu phdt triln dimg hudng, dung muc lieu md Ddng da de ra
se phat huy tdc dyng kich thich hay cd vai trd ddn bay ddi vdi cdng cugc xay dyng va bao ve dat nude Nhung kinh nghiem Ijch su cung cho thdy qua trinh dd chi gidnh dupe nhiing thanh qud toi uu khi ddt nude cd mpt ndi lyc
du mgnh va ben viing Npi lyc Id sue mg!nh ben trong, sue mgnh md mdi dan tpc da tgo ra cho minh, nd la hpp lyc giiia sire manh dupe khai thdc tir nhirng tilm nang vdn cd ciia ddn tpc do va sue mgnh tir ben ngodi da dupe "ngi sinh hod" Trong dd, chinh nhii'ng gia trj do mgt dan tdc ty tgo ra cho minh Id cdi quyet dinh ndi lyc; nd la nen tang viing chac cho vi the quoc te ciia mdi dan tdc, nd tgo ra phong each ddi ngoai ty tin vd linh hoat trong mdi trudng vira hpp tac vira dau tranh va tao ra nhQ-ng khd nang irng phd cd hieu qua vdi mpi tinh hudng bdt trdc cd thi xdy tdi trong khu vuc vd tren the gidi
Qud trinh hien thyc hod nhiing dac trung cua xa hdi XHCN d Viet Nam chinh la qua trinh phdt triln vd phat huy ndi lyc Viet Nam Han hai muai nam qua, vdi nhiing thanh tyu
da dgt duoc tren tat ed cdc ITnh vyc ciia ddi sdng xa hdi, chimg ta da tgo ra dupe mdt vj thi hoan todn mdi cua Vipt Nam tren the gidi ndi chung vd trong khu vyc ndi rieng Lan dau tien trong lich su hien dgi, chung ta tao duac mdt khudn khd dl hdi nhap khu vyc vd hdi nhap thi gidi Vdi khudn khd mdi ndy, Viet Nam gan nhu hoi du nhQ-ng dilu kien can thiet
de di sau han vao cdc qua trinh hdi nhap vdi
tu each mpt ddt nude ciia bdn sdc dan tpc vd chii quyen day du
Tap chi KHOA HOC GIAO THONG VAN TAI So 37 - 03/2012 111
Trang 5Thu ndm: Trudc sy syp do ciia che dp
XHCN d Lien Xd vd cdc nude Ddng Au, nhieu
ngudi da dao dpng vd hodi nghi ve sir mpnh
Ijch sir ciia giai cdp cdng nhan, NhQ-ng ngudi
ca hgi va cdc the lyc chong cpng tdng cudng
phe phdn, da kich chii nghTa Mdc - Lenin, phu
nhgn su mpnh Ijch su: ciia giai cdp cdng nhan
va vai trd Idnh dgo cua Ddng cpng san Mpl so
ngudi mien cudng thua nh^n vai trd ciia giai
cap cdng nhdn trong cdch mgng Igt do che dp
cu nhung Igi phii nhdn ndng lyc ciia giai cap
cdng nhdn trong sy nghipp xay dyng xd hgi
mdi Hipn thyc hoa nhiing dac trung cua xa hgi
XHCN d nude ta la qua trinh chimg minh su
mpnh lich su ciia giai cdp cdng nhan Vipt Nam,
khd ndng iSnh dgo ciia Dang Cpng san Vipt
Nam khdng chi trong gianh chinh quyen ma
trong ca qua trinh xay dyng xa hdi mdi Qua dd
gdp phan cd vu, dpng vien, thiic day giai cap
cdng nhan cac nude khdc dung len thyc hipn su
mpnh lich su eiia minh
HI KET LUAN
De dgt dupe myc tieu chung nhdt md
Ddng ta da de ra klii sy nghipp ddi mdi dupe
khdi xudng la ddi mdi khdng phdi thay ddi
myc tieu CNXH ma Id de cd CNXH nhilu han
thi qua trinh ddi mdi dat nude phai the hipn ra
bang sy dn djnh va phat trien tren mpi ITnh vyc
ciia ddi sdng xd hpi Dd phdi Id qua trinh timg
budc dua nhan dan lao dpng trd thanh ngudi
lam chii trong mpt xa hpi that sy dan chii, het
sire nhan dgo, tat cd vi con ngudi; timg budc
tgo ra mgt co sd kinh te cd nang sudt lao dpng
cao, tir dd ngudi lao dpng cd ddi song vgt chat,
van hod, cd ddi sdng van minh, hgnh phiic
Dd chinh Id qud trinh hipn thyc hod nhiing dgc trung cua xa hgi xa hgi chii nghTa
Tfti iifu Iham khdo
(I ], Ho Chi Minh todn t^p Tdp 8, tr 226 [2], Ho Chf Minh lodn tap Tdp 10 tr 556 [3) H6 Chi Minh todn tdp Tip 4, u 161
[5] H6 Chi Minh todn tip, Tdp 4, U 161 [6] Le Nin todn t^p, i4p 45 tr 426 [7], VSn ki$n dgi hdi dgi bilu toan qu6c ciia Dang iin thiJ I U
MQT SO YEU TO CAN
(Tiep theo trang 91)
III KET LUAN
Cd the ndi thiet ke mpt bdi thi nghe thyc
sy Id mpt qua trinh khd khan vd phuc tgp vi nd lien quan den nhieu ylu td Trong phgm vi bdi bao ndy tdi da trinh bay mpt sd khia cgnh cdn xem xet de cd the ra dupe mpt de thi nghe tdt Trong nhiing ndm qua cac bg de thi nghe cua
bp mdn tieng Anh trudng Dai hpc Giao thdng ciing cd chinh sua nhung chua nhieu vd dgng bai nghe chua phong phii Hy vpng rdng bdi bdo ndy se Id tdi lipu tham khdo giiip vipc ra
dl thi nghe ciia bp mdn dgt chdt lupng cao ban trong thdi gian tdi
Tki lifu tfanm khao [1] Arthur Hughes, 1997 Testing for Language
Teachers Cambridge University Press,
[2] Christine Coombe, Keith Folse, Nancy Hubley, 2007 A practical guide to Assessing
Michigan Press
[3] Cyrd Weir, 1993 Understanding &
Developing Language Tests Prentice Hal! International (UK)
[4] Gary Buck, 2001 Assessing Listening
Cambridge University Press*
112 Tap chi K H O A H Q C G I A O T H O N G VAN T A I S6 37 - 03/2012