Rdo cdn trong quy dinh chinh sdch, phdp ludt vd chi tdi qudn ly 6 Viet Nam, phap Iuat va chmh sach quan Iy san phim rugu bia da dugc ban hanh kha sdm nhung chu yeu tap trung vao cac quy
Trang 126 Xa hoi hoc thye nghiem
V A N D E L A M DUNG RUOU BIA VA GlAl P H A P KIEM s o A T RLTOU B I A 6 VIET NAM HIEN NAY
NGHIEM THI THUY*
Tom tdt: Bdi viet la mgt phan kit qud nghien cieu Bdo cdo Xd hpi thu&ng nien do
Vien Xd hgi hgc duac giao nhiim vu thuc hien trong ndm 2018 Tdc hgi eda lam dung rugru bia dd a muc bdo ddng, khdng chi tdc dpng tnrc tiip doi v&i nguai udng md con gdy
ra nhirng hgu qud nghiim trgng ddi vol gia dinh, cpng ddng vd xd hpi Mice dp sdn xudt
vd tiiu thu ruau bia ngdy cdng gia tang & nu&c ta cho thdy logi hdng hda dac biit ndy chua duac qudn ly hiiu qud vd kiem sodt nghiem tuc bdng phdp lugt Sic dting sd lipu khdo sdt xd hpi hgc tgi 4 tinh thdnh vd dH lieu nghiin cicu vi lam dung ruau bia, cdc tdc gid ddnh gid thuc trgng lam dung rugtu bia, ddng th&i phdn tich cdc nhdn td hien cdn tr& viec kiem sodt hieu qud lam dting ruau bia & Viet Nam hien nay Trong phdn kit lugn, tdc gid de xudt viec khdn truang ban hdnh lugt kiem sodt ruau bia nhdm kip thai ngdn chgn
vd kiim sodt hiiu qud vdn de lam dung rugu bia & nu&c ta
Tie khda: san xuat, tieu thy rugu bia, lam dyng rugu bia, phdng chdng tac hai cua
rugu bia, luat kiem scat rugu bia
Nhgn bdi: 08/1/2019 Gui phdn bi?n: 22/1/2019 Duyet dang: 28/2/2019
1 Dan nhap
Cling vdi su tang trudng cua ndn kinh te, cac doanh nghiep san xuit rugu bia va dd udng cd cdn d nudc ta ciing gia tang nhanh chdng Viet Nam dugc coi la mdt trong sd it qudc gia cd lugng san xuat va tieu thy rugu bia d miic cao va lien tye gia tang trong nhiiu nam (WHO, 2014) Day la mdi quan ngai ddi vdi su phat triin b i n viing ciia dit nudc, bdi lam dung rugu bia khdng chi tac ddng true tiep ddi vdi ngudi udng ma cdn gay ra nhiing hau qua nghiem trgng ddi vdi ngudi than, gia dinh, cdng ddng va xa hgi Rugu bia cd hen quan tdi 70% cac vu tai nan giao thdng d nudc ta vdi thiet hai kmh te Ien d i n tren 1 ty dd
la (WHO, 2014) Rugu bia cdn la nguyen nhan gay ra cac vu gay rdi, bao hanh gia dinh, tgi phEim, giet ngudi, gay mat trat ty, an toan xa hgi Tmh trang udng rugu bia rdi diiu khien xe gay tai nan giao thdng rat phd bien, trd thanh mgt v i n nan kinh hoang de doa tinh mang ciia ngudi dan
Nhieu nghien ciiu tren the gidi cho thay rugu bia la loai hang hda dac biet, mdt loai san pham gay nghien cd anh hudng tieu cue den cac chieu eanh kinh t i , xa hdi mdi
Trang 2trudng va siic khde (Room, 2005; Rehn va cdng sy, 2004; WHO, 2005; Bloomberg va
cdng su, 2002) 0 Vigt Nam, cac nghien ciiu da chi ra miic dg l^m dung rugu bia trong
cdng ddng, dac biet trong nhdm nguai tre tudi (Dam Viit Cuong va Vu Minh Hanh, 2006; Luu Bich Nggc va Nguyin Thi Thiing, 2018) Cugc hdi thao do Uy ban ve Cac van
di xa hdi ciia Qudc hdi td chiic (2015) da dua ra mdt con sd dang lo ngai khi co din 43,8% hgc sinh tu ldp 8 din Idp 12 da timg udng rugu bia Do ngudn cung ddi dao, Iai dl dang tiep can nen viec tieu thu rugu bia d nudc ta kha phd biin Ty Ie ngudi uong rugu bia d miic nguy hai chiim tdi 44,2% d nam gidi sii dung rugu bia (Bd Y ti, 2017) Hau qua cua van nan say rugu nai cong cgng va lai xe udng rugu bia gay tai nan giao thdng ngay cang phd bien Hanh vi udng tap the, ep udng hay budc ngudi khac udng nrgu bia trd nen phd bien
Trudc thye te lam dyng rugu bia, nhieu qudc gia da ban hanh va thye hien hieu qua cac chinh sach, phap luat ve kiem scat rugu bia, thuc hien nghiem tiic cac quy dinh tren thuc te 6 khu vyc ASEAN, Malaysia, Singapore, Thai Lan, Indonesia, Philippines diu
cd bien phap ngan ngira gidi tre tiep xiic vdi rugu bia, han che sy sin cd ciia loai dd udng dac biet nay Ngay ca cac quoc gia phat trien cd muc tieu thu rugu bia cao nhu Nhat Ban, Han Qudc deu ap dung cac quy dinh quan ly chat che viec quang cao nham han che su lam dung rugu bia va cac dd udng cd cdn (WHO, 2014) Trong khi dd, d Viet Nam van dang dien ra nhiing tranh cai ve viec cd nen han che rugu bia hay khdng Viec xay dung
va ban hanh Luat kiem scat rugu bia la cap thiet Ket qua nghien ciiu se gdp phan xac dinh cac rao can hien nay va gdp phan cung cap luan cii khoa hgc cho viec xay dyng va sdm ban hanh Luat kiem scat rugu bia d nudc ta
2 So lieu va phuong phap
Bai viit su dung bd sd heu khao sat nrgu bia tai 4 tinh thudc khu vuc Bac Trung -Nam CLia Vien Xa hdi hgc (nam 2015), gdm: Ha Ndi, Da Nang, Lao Cai va Long An Day
la nhung dia phuang cd trinh do phat trien khac nhau, dia hinh va van hda kha da dang Tai mdi tinh thanh, tiin hanh chgn mlu 2 xa/phudmg; d mdi xa/phudng chgn 200 hd gia dinh, nhu vay quy md mlu khao sat la 1.600 hd dua tren danh sach do dia phuong cung cap sau khi dugc ra scat, cap nhat ciing vdi cgng tac vien tren dia ban
Lam dung rugu bia dugc xac dinh la tinh trang su dung rugu bia qua miic cho phep Miic dp Iam dyng rugu bia dugc tmh theo don vi rugu, theo dd viec udng nhieu hon 6 dan vi rugu (tuong duong vdi 60gr rugu quy cdn nguyen chat) la cd hai va la miic do lam dung theo tieu chuin cua Td chiic Y ti thi gidi Ngudi tir 60 tuoi trd len udng hon 14 dan
vi rugu/tuin hoac ban 2 dan vi rugu/ngay la lam dung; Tuong tu, ngudi dudi 60 tudi udng tren 21 don vi rugu/tuin, hay hom 3 dom vi rugu/ngay; Lam dung cdn la hanh vi sii dung rugu bia va dd udng cd con khac trong trucmg hgp phap luat nghiem cam Kiem soat rugu bia la no luc nhim han chi viec san xuit, kinh doanh, tieu thy va su dung rugu bia trong cdng dong Day la thudc do trinh do phat trien xa hdi Kiem soat nrgu bia cd ndi ham rong han la phdng chdng Iam dung rugu bia theo nghia: Iam dung
Trang 3rugu bia chi lien quan din khau su dung chii khdng phai toan bd qua trinh san xuat, kinh doanh, tieu thy rugu bia ciing rit cin dugc kiim soat, giam sat trong ddi sdng xa hgi
3 Van a i lam dung nxqfu bia ff Vift Nam
Kit qua thu dugc tu nhiiu cudc khao sat d Viet Nam cho thiy lugng rugu bia tieu thu binh quan diu ngudi giai doan 2003-2005 la 3,8 lit cdn nguyen chit/ngudi/ nam Den giai doan 2008-2010 con sd nay da tang len gap ddi d miic 6,6 lit cdn nguyen chit/nguoi/nam (WHO, 2014) va nam 2015 la 8,3 lit cdn nguyen ehit/ngudi/nam (Bd Y
ti, 2017) Miic do lam dung rugu bia ciia ngudi dan Viet Nam cao nhit so vdi mgt sd qudc gia trong khu vuc (Hinh 1)
Hinh 1 Mirc do tieu thy ru-gii bia if Vift Nam va mdt so quoc gia
(Dan vi; lit con nguyen chdt/ndm/ngu&i)
Viet Nam ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ • • • ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ • • i ^ ^ ^ ^ l ^
Mailed • ^ ^ • • • • ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ • • H B H ^ I 7*4
Canqwdua ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ | 7,0
Singapo
5j0
Nguon: WHO (2014)
Xem xet lam dung rugu thi khdng the khdng nhac tdi miic dg san xuit va tieu thy bia vi ca hai deu la dd udng cd cdn va thudng dugc sii dung ciing nhau Ndu nhu giai doan 1990-2003, ca nudc mdi cd khoang 500 co sd san xuit bia, thi din nay con sd nay
da tang len gap ddi vdi su md rdng ca ve quy md va khdng gian Cae tinh thanh diu cd ki hoach phat trien nha may bia cung nhu san xuat loai bia dia phuang va rugu bia la mdt trong nhiing ngudn thu ngan sach quan trgng nhat ciia nhieu dia phuomg Diu nam 2012 Viet Nam mdi cd 78 nha may dang ky san xuit 10 trieu lit bia/nam, nhung din 2016 san lugmg bia da dat tren 4 ty lit bia Myc tieu ciia nganh bia la san xuat tren 6 ty lit bia vao nam 2025 (Hiep hdi Bia-Rugu-Nudc giai khat, 2014) Vdi toe dp dd, moi nam san luone
Trang 4Luang ru(ra bia tieu thu a Viet Nam gia tang nhanh cung voi nhu cau tieu thu
khong bi gioi han Neu quy d6i thanh c6n nguyen chit thi mile tieu thu binh quan dto ngircti 6 Viet Nam (tren 15 tu6i) nam 2014 la 4,4 Ut; nam 2016 la 8,3 lit, trong khi miic tieu thy tren toan cSu Ichong tang dang kS trong nhiju nam (tir 6,1 lit nam 2005 len 8,3 lit nam 2016) Viet Nam hien tro thanh quoc gia c6 miie dp tieu thu nrgu bia cao nhit Dong Nam A va diing thii 4 o Chau A sau Nhat Ban, Han Quoc, Tnmg Quoc N6u tmh rieng cho mgu thi ty 1? tieu thu nrgu tang hon 7,5% moi nam (BO Cong Thugng, 2014) Con s6 nay chua bao g6m san lugng rugu thii cong do ngucri dan tu san xuit (khoang 32 tri§u lit
CO phep va 300 trieu lit troi noi ngoai thi trucmg khong dugc quan ly)
Thiet hai kmh te do rugu bia dem lai gan 60.000 ty dong, cao gap 1,5 lan muc dong gop cua nganh rugu bia cho ngan sach nha nuoc Miic do thiet hai ve mat xa hgi do sir dung rugu, bia g Viet Nam ugc tinh khoang 1,3-3,3% GDP (WHO, 2014) Trong do, ehi phi gian tiep de giai quyet hau qua do rugu bia thuong cao hon so voi chi phi true tiep iToc tinh chua diy du cho thay ganh nang true tiep cua 6 benh ung thu ma rugu bia la mot trong nhiing nguyen nhan chinh (ung thu vii, dai true trang, gan, khoang mieng, da day,
CO tu cung) da phai chi khoang 25.789 ty dong (nam 2012) Chi phi y te nay la chi true
ti6p chua kk din vin de nuoi duong va cham soc de dieu tri cac roi nhieu tam ly do rugu
nhu: hoang tuong, ao giae, roi loan nhan thiic, roi loan hanh vi cao (l.OOO.OOOd/ngay) la ganh nang rat 1cm cho xa hgi
4 Rao can dii vert phong chong lam dung riroru bia or Vift Nam
4.1 Han che trong van hoa uong ruffu bia
6ng cha ta co can "Chen tac, chen thii" Chu chuc khach ggi la "tac", khaeh ehiic dap le ggi la "thu" Day la van hoa chile rugu ciia nguoi Viet c6 truySn Tuy nhien, hien nay van hoa u6ng rugu bj biSn tuong theo huomg tieu cue Cac hanh vi uong nrgu thieu van hoa trong xa hgi tro nen phS bi8n, da din tdi nhiSu he luy anh hugng din siic khoe va hinh anh ciia nguoi Viet noi cong cgng Theo nhan dinh cua Chii tich Quoc hgi Nguyin Thi Kim Ngan thi viec "u6ng bia, rugu ep nhau bJng dugc la thii van hoa khac la chi thay
0 Viet Nam" (Bao Dan tri, 2019) Do do cin thay dii van hoa nguoi tieu dung niu muon phong, chSng tac hai cua lam dung rugu bia
Khong gidng nhu van hoa u6ng rugu cua nguM phuang Tay, mot bo phan nguoi dan Viet Nam hiiu sai vi van hoa uing rugu Net dep van hoa udng rugu nham nhi, hoa
my gia duge thay thi bing uing theo mgt tCt "Dzooo!" hoac 1-2-3 "Dzooo" rat x6 bo va phan cam do thiiu kiim soat, uing khong giai han vai hau qua kho luong Do la chua ke nhiing quy djnh "phat" bing uing rugu bia bcii nhiing ly do khae nhau nhu din dam nhau mupn, khong dap li voi ngudi tren trong mam, khong uing het rugu bia mdi lan nang cie Day la nhiing hanh vi phan cam, thiiu van hda cin phai len an, ngan ehan va nghiem cam bang cac quy dinh phap luat
(5 nudc ta, rugu bia luon san cd va di dang tiip can Saiig, tiiia, chieu, hay tdi cac
Trang 5rugu bia ludn cd mat Canh tugng mdi mge, nai ep, tham chi khich bac nhau udng het ca, udng bing dugc den say xin kha pho biin Nguy hiim hom, idiiing ngudi sau khi uong rugu bia vin tham gia giao thdng, dieu khiin xe, gay tai nan chit ngudi, vi pham Iuat ya coi thudmg mang sdng ciia ngudi khac Tir khia canh dao diic, day la hanh vi lech chuan rit cin len an va ngan ehan kip thdi Giii gm dugc net dep van hda udng nrgu trudc het la viec khdng thiic ep uong di cd thi han chi dugc nghien rugu bia, ng nin chdng chat, bao luc, bao hanh, hoac nhirng ngudi vg mit chong, con mit me do lam dung bia rugu gay ra Dit nudc tiit kiem dugc hang tram nghin ty ddng di diu tu cho phat trien, giam ngheo bin vung, va giii dugc ban sac van hda cua dan tgc
4.2 Rdo cdn tie cdc doanh nghipp sdn xudt, kinh doanh ruffu bia
Nganh cdng nghigp rugu bia d Viet Nam dang tang trudng rit nhanh trong nhiing nam gin day do ca chi khuyin khich phat trien nganh rugu bia va tac dgng ciia viec quang ba san phim rugu bia din ngudi dan Co che quan ly hien nay chu trgng den khia canh phat trien thuang mai nganh rugu bia, gdp phSn tang thu ngan sach d cac dia phuang va Trung uong ma khdng de cap den nhiing hau qua kinh te-xa hdi cua lam dung rugu bia
Ca nudc hien cd khoang 100 co sd san xuat bia vdi quy md cdng nghiep Nam
2016, san lugmg bia la 3,8 ty lit, tang 10% so vdi nam 2015 va tang 52% so vai nam 2010
Nam 2017, san lugng bia da cham mdc 4 ty lit, tang 10,5% so vdi san lugng tieu thy bia nam 2016 va binh quan mdi ngudi dan da tieu thy 42 lit/nam, tang them 4 lit so vdi nam
2016 (Bd Cdng thuang, 2017) Trong thye te, san lugmg rugu cdng nghiep tang nhanh tir
80 trieu lit (nam 2010) din 188 trieu lit (nam 2016) Tinh din thang 2 nam 2018 ca nudc hien cd hon 320 co sd san xuat rugu vdi quy md Ion, san xuit khoang 360 trieu lit rugu/nam; Theo quy hoach hien hanh, muc tieu ciia nganh rugu din 2025 la khoang 440 trieu lit rugu cdng nghiep/nam (Hiep hgi Bia-Rugu-Nudc giai khat, 2014) Ngoai ra cdn chua ke den cac co sd san xuat quy md nhd cd san lugng dudi 1 trieu lit/nam va cac hg gia dmh ca the tu san xuat udc tinh khoang 250 trieu lit/nam
Rd rang la vigc quan Iy san xuSt rugu bia d nudc ta chua dugc nghiem rainh Cac quyet dinh cap phep san xuat rugu bia dudmg nhu di ngugc lai vai mong mudn kiem soat mat hang dac biet nay Hoat dgng quan Iy kinh doanh rugu bia bj budng Idng, tham chi bi tha ndi, nhat la trong budn ban Bit cii dia diem, co sd nao ciing sRn cd rugu, bia di ban cho ngudi dan, tu cac quan rugu, sieu thi, ciia hang tap hoa, khach san, nha hang an udng, ciia hang giai khat, kinh doanh an udng, quan nudc via he , tham chi tai cang tm, nha an cua cac ca quan, cdng sd, doanh nghiep cung c6 ban rugu bia Cae boat ddng giai tri nhu ngay hdi udng rugu bia dugc td chiic vdi miln phi udng bia cho thanh nien va nguoi tham dy Thuc trang nay da gdp phan tich cyc cho viec quang ba va thiic diy su duns rugu bia ngay cang gia tang khien cho ty le sii dung rugu bia ngay eang cao Ruau bia d
Trang 64.3 Rdo cdn trong quy dinh chinh sdch, phdp ludt vd chi tdi qudn ly
6 Viet Nam, phap Iuat va chmh sach quan Iy san phim rugu bia da dugc ban hanh kha sdm nhung chu yeu tap trung vao cac quy dinh kiem soat cac khau san xuat, kinh doanh ma chua cd cac quy dinh cd tinh phdng ngua (vi du Nghi dinh sd 105/2017/ND-CP
vi kinh doanh rugu) Chi khi viec su dung nrgu, bia dan den cac hau qua xiu trong cac quan he xa hdi nhu tham gia giao thdng khi sir dung nrgu bia, cd hanh vi vi pham phap Iuat hanh chinh, hinh sy do su dung rugu bia hoac vi pham cac dieu kien san xuat, kinh doanh thi mdi bi xu ly
Mac dii Thii tudng Chinh phu da ban hanh Quyet djnh 244/QD-TTg ve phdng, chdng tac hai cua dd udng cd cdn nhung day mdi la dinh hudng chinh sach chung va can dugc the che thanh cac van ban quy pham phap luat cd gia tri bat budc ap dyng, cdn chua
cd nhiing hoat dgng tuyen truyen, giao due; cac quy dinh ve tinh san cd cua rugu bia va kiem soat kha nang tiep can ddi vdi loai hang hda dac biet nay Hien nay khdng cd sy ban che nao ve do tudi mua hay sir dyng rugu bia, gid ban, dia diem ban, kiem soat quang cao, khuyen mai, tai trg rugu bia, in canh bao siic khde tren bao bi Cang khdng thay cd cac bien phap nham giam nhu cau sir dung rugu bia, han che ngudn cung cap rugu bia Dieu dd cho thay, cac quy dinh phap Iuat ve phdng, chdng tac hai cua rugu bia d Viet Nam chua cd tinh ngan ngiia tac hai ciia rugu bia Viec thuc hien cac chinh sach, phap luat tren thuc td cdn nhieu bat cap, xir ly cac vu viec vi pham chua nghiem, dan den quy dinh phap luat khdng dugc tuan thii va tinh trang "nhdn luat" ciia ngudi vi pham ngay cang tang, nhat la trong hanh vi udng rugu lai xe
Viec can thiep bing phap luat nham dieu chinh cac yeu td nguy co do Iam dung nrgu bia la mdt yeu ciu cip thiit, giiip tiit kiem chi phi tdn kem khac phyc hau qua do tac hai cua Iam dung rugu bia Kiim soat rugu bia bang phap luat la rat cin thiet va hoan toan kha thi Tuy nhien, cd the nhan thiy nhiing bit cap han chd hien nay:
Thii nhit, cac quy djnh vi han chi tinh sEn cd va nhu cau sii dung rugu bia cdn han che nhu viec trung bay rugu, bia va in canh bao siic khde tren nhan san pham rugu bia cin kiim soat hoat ddng tai trg nhim tiip thj rugu bia; ban che tinh trang udng nhieu va say xin; quy dinh ve ngay, gid, mat do diim ban Ie rugu bia; quy djnh ve viec cam ban mgu, bia cho mdt sd ddi tugng nhu ngudi say rugu, phu nir cd thai, tre em va ngudi dudi
18 tudi Hien cdn rit thiiu cac quy dinh nhim huy ddng siic manh cdng dong tham gia vao can thiep giam tac hai ddi vdi sii dyng rugu, bia nhu viec quy djnh cu the ddi vdi Imh vyc xay dyng ddi sdng van hoa co sd khdng rugu bia hoac sii dung ban che rugu bia Thii hai, hien nganh y ti van chua cd quy dinh vi hd trg dieu trj ddi vdi ngudi nghien rugu, cai rugu tai co sd y ti va trong cdng ddng; thieu cac hd trg xa hdi de dy phdng hanh vi uong nrgu bia d miic cd hai; giai quyit cac vin de gia dinh va xa hdi lien quan din rugu bia do ngudi udng d muc do Iam dung la thanh vien gay ra (bao lyc gia dinh) Cac can bd cong tac xa hgi cung chua dugc trang bi nhung ky nang de giai quyet
Trang 7Thii ba, cac c h i tai xu ly vi pham phap luat hinh su, hanh chinh lien quan den rugu bia, phdng chdng rugu bia nhap lau chua dii m^nh, chua cd hieu qua ran de, giao due ddi vdi mpt sd vi pham lien quan d i n su dung rugu bia mang tinh nguy hiem cho xa hgi, xam hai true tiip d i n tinh mang, tai san hgp phap ciia cdng dan (nhu vi pham ve ndng do con khi tham gia giao thdng ) Hien chi cd quy djnh tuyen truyen ve tai nan giao thdng do sir dyng rugu bia va cac chi tai xii phat khdng dugc thye thi nghiem minh, gap nhieu trd ngai trong trien khai thye hign
Nham han chi nhiing vin d i tren, each day gan 4 nam Thii tuong Chinh phii da quyet dinh thanh lap Ban chi dao Quoc gia ve phdng chdng tac hai cua lam dyng rugu bia
va dd udng cd cdn (thang 7/2015) do Bd trudng Bg Y t i lam Tnrdng ban Bg Y te ciing dugc giao la don vi chii tri xay dyng dy an Luat phdng chdng tac hai cua rugu bia Den nay, cac tinh thanh tren ca nudc da bugc dau ap dung nhiing bign phap kiem soat nhu: cam can bd cdng chiic sii dung rugu bia va dd udng cd cdn trong gid lam vigc, trong biia
an tnra; xii phat cac vi pham lam dung rugu bia ddi vdi cdng chiic vien chiic, ngudi dieu khien phuang tien khi tham gia giao thdng; kiem soat ngudn rugu bia san xuat trong nudc
va nhap khau Nhung bien phap do buoc dau cd y nghia nhac nha y thiic cua can bp va nhan dan trong su dung rugu bia, tuy chua du siic ran de, han c h i va k i i m soat, nhit la chua ddng cham den nguyen nhan sau xa ciia hanh vi lam dung rugu bia
Diiu dang mung la nguoi dan hien nay kha ddng tinh v i viec ban hanh mdt bd luat hoan chinh nham kiim soat rugu bia Cd d i n 80% nguoi dan trong m i u khao sat tai 4 tinh thanh ddng y va cho rang viec ban hanh Dy luat la can thiit nhim phdng chdng tac hfii va tiin tdi ngan ehan dugc tmh trang lara dyng rugu bia trong xa hdi hien nay K i t qua cdn cho thiy
cd 60% ddng tinh va 26% rat ddng tinh vdi sy cin thiet phai ban hanh Luat (Hinh 2)
Hinb 2 Thdi d^ cua ngirM dan vl vi^c ban hilnh Lu|t kiem soat rirQii bia
_^_^_ _ _ _ _ _ ^ _ £)oK vj: %
i
Rat dong tinh Dong tinh Khong biet Khong ddng tinh Rk khong d6ne
tinh
Trang 85 XSy dijmg v^ ban hanh Lu$t ki^m sodt nroii bia
Ki tir nam 2015, Qudc hdi da giao cho Eg Y ti xay dyng, soan thao Luat Phdng chdng tac hai cua lam dyng rugu bia Trai qua nhiiu ky hgp sudt 3 nam qua, du luat van chua dugc thdng qua vdi nhiing nguyen nhan khach quan va chii quan Dy Luat phdng chdng tac hai rugu bia vdi 34 diiu quy dinh, dugc chia thanh 4 chuong (Thu vien phap luat, 2018) vdfi mong mudn cd quy dinh kiem soat chat che viec quang cao, khuyin mai
va tai trg rugu bia de ban che kha nang tiep cSn va tinh sin cd cua rugu bia d nudc ta Tuy nhien, hien cd nhieu tranh luan ve viec han chi hay khdng ban chi rugu bia d Viet Nam, ciing nhu viec cam quang cao rugu bia tren mtemet Cac y kiin phan ddi cho rang ban che rugu bia se anh hudmg manh den ngudn thu ngan sach dja phuong va trung uong Do e ngai vi sy suy giam tang trudng va anh hudng din thu ngan sach nen san xuat, kinh doanh va tieu thy rugu bia vin dugc khuyen khich Mac du chii truong xay dung va ban hanh Luat dugc ngudi dan iing hd, song quy md lgi nhuan thu dugc nen cac doanh nghiep san xuat, kinh doanh rugu bia tun nhieu each van ddng nhim gay khd khan, trd ngai trong viec thdng qua dy Luat
Trong khi dd, y thiic phap luat va tuan thu phap luat ciia ngudi dan Viet Nam nhm chung kha thap so vdi cac qudc gia khac tren the gidi Sy tuy tien trong ldi sdng, each nghl va hanh dgng theo kieu "phep vua thua le lang", "mdt tram cai ly khdng bang mdt ti cai tinh" van cdn phd bien, quy djnh sy hanh xii hang ngay ciia ca nhan va cdng ddng Thdi quen bat tuan phap luat, tim each ddi phd va lach luat la phd bien khien cho viec tuan thii phap luat ngay cang yeu kem trong xa hdi
6 Ket luan va khuyin nghi
Trudc thuc trang lam dung rugu bia d Viet Nam da din nguomg bao ddng, viec giam sat va kiim soat rugu bia la mgt yeu cau cap thiet phai dugc quan tam, giai quyet bang cac bien phap ddng bd Qudc hgi can sdm ban hanh Luat Kiem soat rugu bia de cd
CO sd phap ly vi diiu kien kinh doanh rugu bia, giam miic do san xuit, kinh doanh va tieu thu rugu bia, cilng nhu han chi tinh trang san xuit va sir dyng rugu bia khdng dam bao tieu chuin Khdng vi chi tieu tang trudng hay lgi nhuan do nganh san xuat, kinh doanh rugu bia dem lai ma chin chu, thoai lui vice ban hanh Luat Kiim soat rugu bia Kinh nghiem cua mdt
sd nudc trong khu vuc (nhu Thai Lan, Sri Lanka) da cho thiy day la phuang thtic hieu qua nhit di kiim soat san xuit, kinb doanh va sir dyng rugu bia Mdt sd giai phap dudi day cd the uutien xem xet:
Mpt Id, khin truang hoan thien va ban hanh Luat Phdng chdng tac hai rugu bia, tren
ca sd Igi ich lau dai cua toan xa hdi chii khdng chi vi lgi nhuan tnrdc mat cua cac doanh
nghiep san xuit, kinh doanh rugu bia Ndi dung luat cin cd chi tai tang thue ddi vdi rugu bia di ban chi ciu vi day la mat hang hai siic khde, khdng nen khuyin khich (khdng nhu
gao, thit, dien, xang cin duy tri gia thip dk bao ve ngudi tieu dung, dn dinh chinh trj)
Cin cd quy djnh han chi quang cao di ngudi tieu diing, dac biet gidi tre it cd thdng tm va
Trang 9tiip can rugu bia Luat ciing cin quy djnh ro can bd, cdng chiic va Dang vien, ngucri dung diu guong m i u khdng lara dung rugu bia, khdng diing tiin ngan sach de mua rugu, hen hoan, an udng,
Hai la, xem xet ddi ten Luat Phdng chdng tac hai ciia rugu bia (hay Luat Phdng
chdng tac hai cua lam dung rugu bia) thanh Luat Kiim soat rugu bia, theo dd khdng chi kiim soat tieu dung hay su dung rugu bia ma cdn ca khau san xuit, kinh doanh, phan phdi loai hang hda dac biet nay Nghiem cira quang cao rugu bia dudi mgi hmh thiic, tai nai cdng cdng va nhit la tren cac phuomg tien thdng tin dai chiing (tivi, bao, dai, internet ) Tang cudng thuc hien cac chiin djeh truyin thdng phdng chdng lam dyng rugu bia Chpn mdt ngay trong nam la ngay ca nudc khdng udng rugu bia, cd the bat dau ngay tii nam nay, khdng dgi d i n khi Luat dugc ban hanh
Ba la, nghien ciiu danh gia tac ddng ciia viec ban chi tieu dung rugu bia trong xa
hdi, nhit la ddi vdi gidi tre hien nay (la nhdm dang cd xu hudmg sir dung nhiiu rugu bia
va cac loai dd udng cd cdn khac) Ddng thdi, tap trung bao ve mgt sd ddi tugng yeu the la nan nhan cua lara dung rugu nhu tre em, vj thanh nien, phy nu , trudc nguy c a quy rad san xuit va tieu thy rugu bia ngay cang tang d Viet Nam Nhiem vy trgng tam la dau tranh, thuyit phuc quan diem de cao lgi ich tai chinh, ddng gdp ngan sach va tang trudng kmh t i bing san xuit rugu bia va cac dd udng cd cdn, san sang danh ddi lgi nhuan cho su phat triin bin viing cua dat nudc
Bdn la, xera xet hmh thanh mgt ca quan ddc lap giam sat va quan ly rugu bia v^ dd
udng cd cdn (cd thi dudi hinh thiic td chiic cua mdt Uy ban Qudc gia nhu Thai Lan da lam) de thdng nhat mdt mdi viec nghiem tiic giam sat ngudn cung va kiem soat lam dung rugu bia Ddng thdi, can quan ly nang cao chat lugng rugu bia de tranh rugu kem chat lugng, rugu khdng ngudn gdc, rugu nhap lau va rugu ban gay hai eho siic khde ngudi dan
va cdng ddng
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