Tuy nhien, chinh ngudi cao tudi lai la nhdm xa hdi yeu the dang can den sy quan tam, hd trp ciia gia dinh, cdng ddng va Nha nudc ve cham sdc stic khde do nhirng tbay ddi ve the chat, tin
Trang 1M O T S O V A N D E DAT RA DOI V d l CHAM SOC SlTC KHOE NGircn CAO TUOI Of VIET NAM HIEN NAY
Phan Phuc
Torn tdt: Viec chdm soc sue khoe ngu&i cao tuoi Viet Nam hiin nay dang dgt ra nhieu vdn de, nhdt
Id trong boi cdnh do thi hoa, cong nghiep hoa ddt nu&c Dua vdo ngudn tdi lieu thic cdp, bdi viet trinh bdy khdi qudt mgt so net ve sue khoe eua ngu&i eao tudi & Viet Nam hien nay, nhu su suy gidm vi ehuc ndng cua ca the, su xudt hiin cua benh tdt, nguy ca chdn thuang trong sinh hogt hdng ngdy; ddng th&i nhdn dien cdc nhu cdu ho tra cua ngu&i cao tudi trong viic ddi pho vai nhiing rui
ro ve tinh trang sue khde Bdi viit cdng dua ra mdt so de xudt nhdm ndng cao vai trd cua gia dinh, cgng ddng vd nhd nudc trong chdm soc sue khoe ngu&i cao tuoi trong boi cdnh gid hoa ddn sd, do thi hda vd cdng nghiep hoa dang diin ra ngdy cdng sdu rgng
Tir khda: Chdm soc sice khoe, ngu&i cao tuoi; Viet Nam
Dat van de
Ngudi cao tudi d Viet Nam da va dang tiep
tuc cong bien cbo sy phat trien ben viing cita
dat nudc bang stic luc, tri tue va kinh nghiem
trong lao dpng va trong cudc sdng Ngudi cao
tudi cdn the hien vai trd nhu la mdt tam gucmg
ve sy hy sinh, ve trach nhiem ddi vdi gia dinh
va cdng ddng, ve niem tin ddi vdi the be mai
sau Tuy nhien, chinh ngudi cao tudi lai la
nhdm xa hdi yeu the dang can den sy quan
tam, hd trp ciia gia dinh, cdng ddng va Nha
nudc ve cham sdc stic khde do nhirng tbay ddi
ve the chat, tinh than nhu la mdt dien tien tu
nhien ciia qua trinh lao hda ma ban than mdi
ngudi cao tudi dang gap phai Thyc te hien nay
cho thay cudc sdng ddi thudng cita ngudi cao
tudi dang gap rat nhieu van de lien quan den
sire khde va ddi sdng tinh than, mdi quan he
ciia ngudi cao tudi vdi cac thanh vien trong gia
dinb va d cdng ddng trong bdi canh dat nudc
day manh do thi hda, cong nghiep hda Chang
ban, nhu tinh trang sire khde the chat va tinh
than cua ngudi cao tudi thay ddi trong khi ban
than hp chua nhan thiic day dii de tu cham sdc
giii gin sire khde; hay van de gia dinh, cdng ddng cdn thieu thdn ve ngudn lyc, bay chua cd trach nhiem tdt trong cham sdc, hd trg cho cudc sdng cita ngudi cao tudi, v.v Dieu nay dat ra nhieu cau hdi can tim hieu va lam ro de tir do cd dinb hudng tdt ban trong viec hd trg
va cham sdc siic khde cbo ngudi cao tudi
1 Vai net ve tinh trang siic khoe, benh tat va nhu cau cham soc ctia nguoi cao tuoi hien nay
1.1 Tmh trang SUT khde, benh tat cda ngirifi cao tudi
Theo quy luat ty nhien, khi tudi ngay cang cao, cac chiic nang sinh hpc ciia co the nhu tieu hda, tuan hoan, van dpng, phan xa bi giam Slit Them vao dd, theo thdi gian siic de khang ciia con ngudi trudc nhiing tac nhan co hai cho sire khde cung ngay cang suy giam Trong khi nhiing yeu td nguy co lam phat sinh benh tat khi tudi cao tdn tai trong co the dugc tich luy qua nhieu nam, dac biet la cac yeu td lien quan den ldi sdng nhu hiit thudc la, udng nhieu rugu bia, an qua nhieu mudi, it boat ddng the luc
Vi vay, ngudi cao Utoi thucmg mac nhieu loai
P H A T TRlfiN B £ N V Q N G VCJNG Q U Y E N 9, S6 2 (6/2019)
Trang 2benh khac nhau va gap nhieu trd ngai, khd
khan trong smh boat thudng nhat nhu an udng,
tam nia, di lai Do ban che ve kba nang phdi
hgp van dpng, co luc yeu va phan iing cham
chap vdi nhiing tinh hudng ddi hdi su nhanh
nhay nen ngudi gia cd nhieu nguy co bi chan
thuong do tai nan sinh boat Cac nghien ciiu
gan day chi ra sire khde cua ngudi cao tudi gan
day cd kha hem trudc, nhung trong bdi canh
hien nay nhieu van de dang de dpa siic khde
ngudi cao tudi (Nguyen Diic Chien va Nguyen
Thi Huyen Giang 2018) Mdt sd nghien ciru
khac cho thay ty le cao ngudi cao tudi gap it
nhat mdt loai khd khan ve van ddng, khd khan
khi len xudng cau thang va khd khan khi dang
ngdi diing day, trd ngai trong sinh boat hang
ngay, kbd khan khi an udng, tam nia, mac
quan ao hay ve sinh (Phan Phuc, 2018)
Dieu dang quan tam la cac nghien cihi ve
ngudi cao tudi thdi gian qua cung cbi ra
nguyen nhan dan den tinh trang nay Pban ldn
ngudi cao tudi hien nay van phai lao ddng qua
stic de kiem sdng Neu ngudi cao tudi lao dpng
vira pbai, cdng viec phit bgp vdi ngudi gia lam
viec trong dieu kien tu tudng thoai mai, ty
nguyen, khdng bi gd bd tbi cd tac dung tang
cudng stic khde Trai lai, vdi nhiing ngudi lam
viec qua stic minh, dac biet la ngudi cao tudi,
se lam cbo stic khde giam di nhanh chdng
Viec thieu dinh dudng keo dai, citng vdi lao
ddng vat va ngay ca khi tuoi da cao nen phat
sinh nhieu benh tat (Tdng cue Dan sd va Ke
hoach hda gia dinh, 2006; Vien Nghien ciiu Y
xa hpi hpc, 2011; Nguyen Dire Chien va
Nguyen Thi Huyen Giang, 2018)
Trong nhieu cupc nghien cuu ve ngudi cao
tudi cho thay hau het ngudi cao tudi dang mac
benh man tinh va dau dm thudng xuyen (benh
mach vanh tim, benh thupc he hd hap, trong dd
cd benh phdi tac nghen man tinb, nhiing
bieu hien ve trang thai tinh than nhu khd ngit,
lo lang ve cudc sdng hien tai, budn rau, chan
nan va met mdi thudng xuyen (UNFPA, 2009; Phan Phuc, 2018) Cac nhdm benh thudng gap
la cac benh ve tim mach, xuong khdp, ndi tiet, tieu boa, than kinh, hd hap, than tiet nieu, tam than, thi giac Benh ve xucmg khdp ciing la mdt benh rat phd bien nbu thoai hda khdp, thap khdp, va loang xuong Ngudi mac benh thudng cd cac trieu chimg dau nhtic xuang, cac khdp va van ddng kbd khan, de bi gay xuong khi bi nga Tuong ty, cac berth ve giac quan nbu thi giac, thinh giac the bien rat ro su thoai hda chtic nang d co the ngudi gia Cac tinh trang sa siit ve siic khde dang ke khac d ngudi cao tudi ke ca nam gidi va nii gidi la cac benh ve npi tiet nhu benh tieu dudng va benh cua dudng tieu hda nhu loet da day, viem dai trang, nudt nghen (Pham Thang, 2007; dan theo UNFPA, 2009; Nguydn Diic Chien va Nguyen Tbi Huyen Giang, 2018)
Nhiing tinh trang benh tat nay, khdng chi gay anh hudng den site khde bdi chinh can benh do ma cdn anh hudng den cac chiic nang khac ciia co the, gdp phan vao suy giam stic khde chung ciia ngudi cao tudi, trong dd cd siic khde ve tam than
1.2 Nhu cdu chdm sdc sire khde ngir&i cao tudi
Ddi vdi nhung ngudi cd bieu hien dau 6m thudng xuyen hoac da cd benh dugc phat hien thi viec kham, chiia benh cua hg cung khdng phai khdng cd nhiing trd ngai Cac khao sat cho thay bau bet ngudi cao tudi cd benh va co nbu cau chira benh, nhung nhu cau nay chua boan toan dugc dap iing (UNFPA, 2009; Nguyen Dire Chien va Nguyen Thi Huyen Giang, 2018) Dieu tra ciia Benh vien lao khoa trung ucmg nam 2009 tai Ha Ndi, Thira Thien -Hue va Ba Ria - Vung Tau cbo thdy, cd din
75,8% ngudi cao tudi cbo rang minh ckn duoc
kham chiia benh tdt hon so vdi hien tai (Pham Thang, 2007) Dieu tra qudc gia ve ngudi cao
132 PHAT T R I E N B E N VO'NG V U N G Q U Y E N 9, s o 2 (6/2019)
Trang 3tuoi cho thay ty le ngudi cao tudi bi dau dm,
chin thuong trong trong nam 2011 can dugc
di8u b-j nhung khdng dugc dieu tri la gan 55%
vdi nguyen nhan ca ban dugc chi ra la do
khong dit tien de chi tra (52,%) va khdng cd ai
dua di benh vien (11,5%) (Vien Nghien ctiu Y
xa hdi hpc, 2011) Trong mpt cudc tham dd ve
kham chiia benh d Hai Duong, cd 24%) so
ngudi cao tudi danh gia la chi phi kham, chiia
benh rat cao va 57% sd ngudi danh gia la cao
(Nguyen The Hue, 2005) Vi vay, nhieu ngudi
cao tudi khi mac benli da khdng den dugc cac
CO sd y te de kham, dieu tri Thay vao dd, con
chau hp ty mua thudc de udng tai nha ma
khong cd don thudc hay hudng dan ciia bac sT
Khdng chi la chi phi anh hudng den viec tiep
can CO sd y te ma cac yeu td khac nhu di lai
khd khan hay kha nang dap ung cita ca sd y te
hi ban che Dieu tra cita Benh vien lao khoa
trung uong (2009) cho thay, trong nhieu ly do
khien ngudi cao tuoi khdng dugc kham chiia
benh, ly do chinli la klidng dii kba nang kmh te
(45,3%), d i k kien di lai khd khan (17,3%),
dieu kien y te dia phuong khdng dap iing dugc
16,5%' Hien nay, nhieu ngudi cao tudi,
khoang 74%, da cd the bao hiem y te do la
ngudi nghi buu, ngudi thudc hd gia dinb
ngheo, gia dinb chinh sach dugc nha nudc cap
hoac mua bao hiem y te tu nguyen (Vien
Nghien ciiu Y xa hpi hpc, 2011) Day la mot
trong nhijng 6ihu kien rat tdt de ngudi cao tudi
cd nhieu co hpi de dugc cham sdc sire klide
Tuy nhien, nhiing ban che chat lupng dich vu
y te va quyen lgi kham chiia benh chua dam
bao da anh hudng den viec tiep can dich vu y
te ciia ngudi gia thap ban so vdi nhu cau cao
v^ cham sdc siic khoe cua bp Vi the, nhiing su
ho trg khac tir gia dinh va cdng ddng la rat can
•http//www.suckhoedoisong.vn/2009261i34516p0c8
thiet de ngudi cao tudi dugc cham sdc sti'c khde day dit bon, cd chat lugng tdt ban
2 Vai trd cua gia dinh, cong dong va nha niro'c trong cham sdc cua ngirdi cao tuoi
2.1 Vai trd cua gia dinh trong chdm sdc ngu-&i cao tudi
Ngudi Viet Nam van dang duy tri cau tnic gia dinh da the he vdi ty le 62% ngudi cao tudi sdng chung vdi con chau va ciing khoang 60% ngudi cao tudi dang sdng ciing vdi vg hoac chdng (UNFPA, 2011) Vdi truy6n thdng dao diic va quan he gia dinb cua ngudi Viet Nam, con cai thudng bet Idng hieu thao vdi cha me
va ludn cd y thiic ve sy bao hieu de den dap cdng lao sinh thanh, dudng due nen hp ludn chii ddng gitip da cha me khi cd khd khan trong cudc sdng C) Viet Nam, gia dinh hien van dang ddng vai trd chinh trong viec cham sdc stic khde ngudi cao tudi (Tong cue Dan sd
va Ke hoach hda gia dinh, 2006; Phan Phuc 2018) Hau nhu ai ciing biet, ngudi cao tudi thudng it nhieu cd rdi loan ve tam ly, hoac it ra
la nhiing uu tu, phien mudn khi cudc sdng cd thay ddi Them vao do, do phan xa khdng cdn nhanh nhay, tri nhd giam siit ma ngudi cao tudi cd khi cd bieu hien tu xa lanb ngudi khac vdi y nghi la ngudi vd dung, la ngudi thua trong gia dinh, xa hdi Khi hdi ve tam trang ngudi cao tudi trong cupc sdng hang ngay, ket qua mdt nghien ciru cbo thay chi cd 52% so ngudi cao tuoi tra ldi cd tam trang binh thudng, thoai mai, 31% sd ngudi cao tuoi tra ldi ddi khi thay co don va cd tdi 17% sd ngudi cao tudi tra ldi thudng xuyen thay cd dan (Tdng cue Dan sd va Ke hoach hda gia dinh, 2006) Trong bdi canh ay, su quan tam, chia se ciia ngudi than va nhiing ngudi chung quanh
se giiip hp an tam, chap nhan nbCmg thay ddi
do la do qua trinh lao hda, do tudi tac de lai ma
ai rdi ciing gap phai Trong pham vi gia dinh, kbi cd nhirng cau chuyen can chia se, sd ddng ngudi cao tudi thudng tam sy vdi con trai
Trang 4(45%), vdi vg hoac chdng (35%), vdi con gai
(25%), vdi con dau, con re (15%) (Hoang Mdc
Lan, 2011) Khi xay ra dau dm hay chan
thuang, nhiing ngudi than trong gia dinh nhu
vg chdng, con trai, con gai, con dau, cac chau
la nhiing ngudi cham sdc chinh Dieu tra qudc
gia ve ngudi cao tudi cho thay ty le ngudi cao
tudi dugc cham sdc khi dau dm, chan thuang
rat cao, tren 95% va nhirng ngudi giiip do,
cham sdc nhieu nhat la vg, chdng (26%), con
trai 21,7%, con gai (26,8%), con dau (15,3%)
(Vien Nghien ciru Y xa hdi hpc, 2011)
Cung theo ket qua nghien ctiu Tdng cue
Dan sd va Ke hoach hda gia dinh (2006), khi
hdi ve gia dinh, con chau ddi xir vdi ngudi cao
tudi nhu the nao thi cd tdi 87% ngudi cao tudi
ndi rang gia dinh, con chau ddi xu vdi ngudi
cao tudi la tdt, trong dd cd 48% ngudi cao tudi
ddi khi CO nhung viec cy the chua hai long vdi
con chau Dang cbii y nhat la cd 6% sd ngudi
cao tudi that su khdng hai Idng vdi con chau
Ket qua nghien ciiu cita Nguyen Dtic Chien va
Nguyen Thj Huyen Giang (2018) cho thay
nhieu ngudi cao tudi td ra budn tiii ve ung xu
cua con chau, hp khdng cdn dupe quan tam
cham sdc va de cao vai trd nhu trudc
Nhiing chi sd nay the hien kha ro dac trung
ciia cac mdi quan he tren ca phuong dien huyet
thdng, cau trite gia dinb va sy gan giii trong
ddi sdng Chinh sy kinh trpng va sy quan tam
ciia ngudi than se giiip ngudi cao tudi thich
nghi vdi cudc sdng ciia minh, khdng mang
mac cam nao Klii ngudi gia sdng vui, sdng
khde lai trd thanh niem ty hao ciia gia dinh,
eon chau Tuy nhien, thyc te da cho thay rang,
neu nhu cau cua ngudi cham sdc khdng dugc
dap img, tdn trpng, trong mdt thdi gian dai se
anh hudng den sire khde, tam ly, tinh cam ciia
ban than ngudi cao tudi va ca cac thanh vien
trong gia dinh Sy hieu biet, tinh than trach
nhiem va sy chia se lan nhau giiia nhiing
ngudi than se la dieu kien co ban nhat va co
hdi tdt nh4t dl nhiing boat ddng the chat va tinh than cita ngudi cao tudi, giiip hp them nhieu by vpng ve sdng lau vdi cudc sdng an vui vdi con chau, ngudi than va ban be ctia minh
2.2 Vai trd cua cgng ddng vd Nhd nir&c trong chdm soc ngirdi cao tudi
Ngudi cao tudi hien nay la Idp ngudi da timg tham gia boat ddng d nhieu ITnh vyc, co
ca hdi tiep xiic va gay dyng mdi quan he kha rdng rai ngoai pham vi gia dinh Tuy nhien, cac mdi quan be cbii yeu van tap trung vao cac quan he gia dinh va than tdc Mdt sd cudc dieu tra ve boat ddng xa bpi va quan be xa hpi cita ngudi cao tudi da cho thay mdt sd hinh thiic va each thiic duy tri cac mdi quan he cua ngudi cao tudi Nhieu ngudi cao tudi van duy tri viec
di tham bp hang va dugc hp hang tdi tham vdi tan suat gap gd hang ngay la 27%, bang tuan 27%, bang thang va hang quy la 20%, tir mdt den hai quy la 15%, tir 6 thang den mdt nam la 13yo Vdi cac mdi quan be ngoai gia dinh, than tpc, thi ngudi cao tudi vin cd mdt ban che dang ke, dd la sd ngudi khdng cd ban be than thiet chiem mpt ty le kha cao Cd 30% so ngudi cao tudi khdng cd ban than, trong khi sd ngudi cd 1 den 2 ban than la 18%, sd ngudi cd tir 3 den 4 ngudi ban than la 20% va sd ngudi
cd tren nam ban than la 32 Tuy vay, cung lai
cd tdi 50% sd ngudi cao tudi cd tham gia frong tre giiip con chau, ke ca con chau ciia hang xdm va 13% sd ngudi cao tudi dugc cdng ddng (xdm, thdn, xa) bdi y kien trong cac cdng viec quan trpng ciia cdng ddng (Hoang Mdc Lan, 2011)
Nhiing ket qua nghien cuu va nhiing danh gia tren day cho tbay phan Idn ngudi cao tudi
d Viet Nam hien nay cd cupc sdng dn djnh tren ca sd nen tang truyen thdng gia dinb va su anh budng lan nbau giiia cac thS he theo tinh
than "Tri cgy cha, gid cgy con " Tren phuong
dien xa hdi va cpng ddng, ciing vdi tinh thdn
Trang 5doan ket, ngudi cao tudi cdn nhan dugc su tdn
kinh, biet on cita the he tre va hp cdn xem viec
danh su tdn trpng ddi vdi the he cha dng la
ciing cbinb la phuang cham sdng de dugc sdng
lau hon, khde hon nhu cau thanh ngu "Kinh
ldo ddc thg" ma nhieu ngudi tam dac Dieu
nay cung khang dinh rang truyen thdng dao
diic xa hdi, gia dinh Viet Nam, le sdng ciia con
ngudi Viet Nam, thuan phong my tyc ctia con
ngudi Viet Nam van dugc bao tdn va phat huy
Tuy vay, ngudi cao tudi ciing cd nhung ban
khoan, lo lang bdi nhiing khd khan ve vat chat
van cdn deo dang trong mdt bp phan khdng
nhd nhiing ngudi cao tudi Theo nghien ciiu
ciia Nguyen Diic Chien va Nguyen Thi Huyen
Giang (2018), nhiing chuan myc dao dire, ldi
song, ke ca nhijng mau thuan phat sinh trong
xa hdi dang cd nhiing chuyen manh me da cd
tac ddng den tam ly ciia ngudi cao tudi Trong
dieu kien xa hdi dang cd nhijng thay ddi, lai
them nhiing mdi quan he mang tinh cdng ddng
chua tucmg xting vdi truyen thdng vdn cd lau
ddi cita ngudi Viet Nam, mdi ngudi tre tudi,
moi thanh vien trong gia dinh, cdng ddng can
nhan dien nhung thach thiic ay va cd nhung
hanh ddng cu the de dam bao nhiing ngudi cao
tudi sdng khde, thich nghi vdi dieu kien mdi
Ngudi cao tudi co nhu cau ddi boi va cung
cd nguyen vpng ma bp mong dugc dap iing
khong chi tir gia dinh, cdng dong ma cdn tir
nhiing cbinb sach ciia nha nudc Khi tim bieu
ve mong mudn cua ngudi cao tudi, 39% sd
ngudi dugc boi mong dugc sy quan tam, cham
soc hon niia cita nha nudc, 25% mudn dugc bd
sung che dp chinh sach hd trg cudc sdng ngudi
cao tudi, sd ngudi mudn cd co hdi de tao them
viec lam len tdi 22% (Hoang Mdc Lan, 2011)
Nhieu ngudi cho rang cac che dp, cbinb sach
cita nha nudc nen ap dung cho nhiing ngudi tir
70 tudi trd len thay vi 80 tudi nhu bien nay
(UNFPA, 2011; NguySn Diic Chien va
Nguyen Thi Huyen Giang, 2018) Viec md
rdng ddi tugng ngudi cao tudi nhan dupe bd
trg tir nha nudc khdng cbi la each thirc "din
an dap nghia" vdi cdng lao ciia the he da cd
nhieu ddng gdp trong cac cudc khang chien va dyng xay dat nudc ma cdn la co hdi de nhieu ngudi cao tudi thuc sy dugc dam bao chat lugng cupc sdng khi ve gia Vdi nhieu ngudi, viec nhan dugc su cham sdc tir gia dinh hien nay dang ngay cang gap nhieu khd khan do dieu kien kinh te, cdng viec ctia con cai muu sinh xa que va khdng phai khdng cd nhirng thay ddi cd phan sa siit ve quan he truyen thong, trach nhiem giiia cac the he, trong dd cd
xu hudng ngudi cao tudi sdng vdi con cai dang giam dan Su hd trp khdng phai chi the hien d
sy tiep nhan true tiep cac gia tri vat chat ma cdn the hien d chat lugng boat ddng ctia Hdi Ngudi cao tudi, ciia cac td chiic cung cap dich
vu xa hdi, cham sdc siic khde cho ngudi cao tudi d gia dinh va cpng ddng Chiing ta hien dang cdn thieu nhiing can bd, nhan vien cdng tac xa hdi cd tinh chuyen nghiep ve cham sdc ngudi cao tudi, co sd y te danh rieng cho cham sdc stic khoe ngudi cao tudi ciing cdn han che
ve ca sd lugng va chat lugng, trong kbi xu hudng gia hoa dan sd dang hien hiiu ngay cang
rd net d Viet Nam vdi viec sd ngudi cao tudi tang cao trong 30 nam qua
He thdng y te dugc bieu nbu mdt tdng the, bao gdm cac chinh sach vT md ve cham sdc stic khde nhan dan, cham sdc sire khde ddi vdi nhiing ngudi thudc nhdm yeu the trong xa hdi, trong do cd nhom ngudi cao tudi, cac boat ddng truyen thdng, giao due sire khde va cac can thiep chuyen mdn ve dy phdng va kham chiia benh Hien nay cbi cd nhdm ngudi ve huu dugc kham chiia benh tdt ban cac nhdm khac nhd hieu biet ve cham sdc siic khde va sir dung tdi da cbinb sach ve bao hiem y te, trong khi nhdm ngudi gia nong thon van tiep tuc tham gia lao ddng, nhdm ngudi cd don khdng noi nuong tua, ngudi cao tudi ngheo dugc nha
P H A T T R I E N B E N VLTNG VUNG Q U Y E N 9, SO 2 (6/2019)
Trang 6nude cap the bao hiem y te mien phi, nhung
viec sij dung the bao hiem y te cdn rat ban che
va kem hieu qua
Ket qua nghien ciiu ctia Giang Tbanh Long
(2008) cho thay, d Viet Nam ngudi cao tudi
tap trung chit yeu d ndng thdn, 81,2% sd ngudi
cao tudi timg lam viec trong linh vuc ndng
nghiep, lao dpng don gian va nhieu ngudi van
con phai tiep tyc lao dpng de cd thu nhap Do
nhiing dieu kien mang tinh lich sir, chien tranh
keo dai nen trinh dp hpc van cua ngudi cao
tudi ndi chung la thap, cd den hon 59% ngudi
cao tudi da khdng co dieu kien hpc hanh ddy
dit, chi cd 0,21%i co trinh dp trung hpc trd len,
nen nhiing bieu biet ve y hpc thudng thiic, cac
bien phap luyen tap, phdng benh, tiep can dich
vu y te de kham benh va chiia tri ciia ngudi
cao tudi cdn nhieu ban che Mang ludi cac co
sd y te can dugc phat trien, md rong de ngudi
cao tudi tiep can dich vy thuan tien Cimg vdi
cac CO sd y te thuc hien kham, chiia benh cd
thu vien phi hay bao hiem y te, thi viec td chiic
cac boat ddng kham chiia benh nhan dao, ttr
thien cho ngudi cao tudi se giiip nhiing ngudi
kho khan cd ca hpi dugc cham sdc sire khoe
binh dang va cdng bang hem Thyc te cho thay
cd den 50% sd ngudi cao tuoi bay td nguyen
vpng dugc hd trg khi dm dau, benh tat va gan
31 % mong mudn dugc tao dieu kien de kham
chiia benh thudng xuyen Hp ciing mong mudn
cac ca sd y te phai chii ddng ban trong tiep can
de cung cap dich vu kham chiia benh cho
ngudi cao tuoi ban la viec "ngdi chd" hp den
vdi CO sd ciia minh, bdi phan ldn ngudi Viet
Nam chi den berth vien khi dau bieu benh tat
da kha rd rang hoac cac bien phap Ur diSu tri
khdng dem lai ket qua Nghien ciiu ciia Tran
Thi Mai Oanh (2010) dugc thyc hien tai mdt
so cdng ddng ndng thdn cho thay phin ldn
ngu'di cao tudi khdng biet cac bieu hien ciia
cao huyet ap (66,5%), khdng biet nguy ca nao
dan den tang huyet ap (84,1%) va khdng bi8t
each phdng chdng dau xuong khdp (74,6%) Bang viec cbii ddng ti^p can, cac ca sd y te cd the phat hien, chiia berth sdm cung nbu nhiing Idi khuyen ve cac bien phap phdng ngira nham giam benh tat, tan ph6 kbi tudi gia, tir dd phat huy hieu qua va nang cao chat lugng cupc sdng ngudi cao tudi
3 Mpt so van fle dat ra
Tuoi thp ngudi Viet Nam ngay cang cao la ket qua cua sy phat trien ve kinh te, xa hpi va chat lupng ciia cdng tac bao ve va cham sdc siic khde nhan dan Chimg ta rat ty hao ve tudi thp ciia ngudi Viet Nam cao hem nhiing nudc
cd cung dieu kien kinh te Nhung viec gia boa dan sd vdi sd lugng ngudi tir 60 tudi trd len gia tang nhanh chdng ciing dat ra nhieu thach
thiic, vi Viet Nam dugc xem la qu6c gia "gid
tru&c khi gidu" Mdt trong nhiing thach thiic
dd la van de siic khde va cham sdc siic khoe ddi vdi ngudi cao tudi, dam bao chat lugng cudc sdng cua ngudi cao tudi theo phuang cham "sdng vui, sdng khde" nhu chinh ban than ngudi cao tudi, gia dinh va cdng ddng mong mudn
Ngudi cao tudi Viet Nam hien nay cho du tudi thp kha cao nhung sd ngudi cao tuoi khoe manh cdn ban che Ngudi cao mdi thudng mac nhieu loai benh do chiic nang boat ddng ciia ca the suy giam va do qua trinh tich liiy theo thdi gian cac yeu td bat lgi cho sue khoe Hp thudng phai ddi mat vdi nhieu loai benh de dpa den chat lugng cupc song va tinh mang nliu benh ve tim mach, hd bap, xuong khdp, rdi loan chuyen hda va nguy co cua cac chan thuong trong sinh boat hang ngay Cbo dit viec
"tudi cao" ludn dugc xem nhu di ben vdi "siic yeu" va "benh tat" nhu la mdt quy luat tu nhien, thi viec mdi ca nhan thuc hanh giii gin sue khde, tiep can cham sdc y te day dii va duy tri tdt cac mdi quan he xa hpi se tac ddng tich cue den quy luat tu nhien ay tren phuang dien kiem che nguy co xuat hien benh, ban chS biln
Trang 7chiing nang cua benh tat, ngan ngira dau ddn
va tan phe, giam tir vong sdm va tren bet la
chat lugng cudc song cua con ngudi Dieu
dang quan tam hien nay la ty le ngudi cao tudi
Viet Nam sdng khde hoac hai Idng vdi siic
khde cua minh cdn thap, nhieu ngudi cdn cd
nhiing ban che ve siic khde van cdn gap khd
khan trong tiep can dich vy y te do cac nguyen
nhan ve kinh te, dieu kien sdng khd khan,
thilu su hd trg can thiet tir gia dinh va xa hdi
Nhung bang chimg khoa hpc va kinh
nghiem cudc sdng dugc diic ket cho thay, van
de trpng tam nhat trong cham sdc siic khoe
cho ngudi cao tudi la cham sdc stic khoe the
chat Mdi ngudi cao tudi ciing cd the ty cham
sdc stic khde cbo minh thdng qua dinh dudng
hgp ly, tap luyen the luc hoac lam viec nhe
nhang, duy tri trang thai thoai mai ve tinb than,
tham gia vao cac boat ddng xa hpi, hpat dpng
tin ngudng va van hda, thiet lap cac mdi quan
he xa hpi tai cpng ddng Viec ty cham sdc sue
khoe khdng bao gid la mudn, ke ca khi tudi da
cao van dem lai nhihig gia tri rat tich cue Tuy
nhien, ngudi cao tuoi rat can mdi trudng hd trg
hoac tao dieu kien de hp thyc hien dugc viec
ty giir gin siic klide va tiep can co sd y te khi
6m dau, benh tat
Gia dinh, cdng ddng can cd nbirng hilu
bilt nhat dinh ve sy thay ddi tam ly, nhiing suy
giam chiic nang ca the, nhiing ban che trong
van ddng cua ngudi cao tudi de cd nhiing bien
phap ho trg phit hgp Vdi mdi ngudi Viet Nam
ndi chung va ngudi cao tudi ndi rieng, gia dinb
van la nai hg dugc bd trg va cham sdc nhieu
nh4t khi dm dau, benh tat, chan thuong Do dd,
tinh thuang yeu va bieu biet lan nhau, tinh
thdn trach nbiem ciia con, chau trong viec
cham sdc cha me, dng ba, ciing nhu vai trd
cham sdc, day dd con chau cita cha me, dng ba
dugc phat huy trong mdi gia dinb la mdi
trudng hai hda va binh an ddi vdi mdi ngudi
cao nien Quan be gia dinh va than tdc, tinb
doan ket, sy quan tam ciia Nha nudc va cdng ddng, phucmg thiic boat ddng hieu qua ciia Hdi Ngudi cao tudi va cac Hpi ma ngudi cao tudi tham gia la thanh vien chinh la nhirng dieu kien mang tinh xa hdi, la vdn xa hdi de ngudi cao tudi dugc cham sdc stic khde tdt hon Vdn
xa hdi ay ket tinh tu dao ly "udng nudc nhd ngudn", tir truyen thdng "kinh lao dac thp" cita ngudi dan Viet Nam van dang phat huy hieu qua rd ret trong bao ve va cham sdc siic khoe ngudi cao tudi
Trong bdi canh xa hdi hien tai, gia dinb, cdng ddng, Nha nudc can cd nhirng hanh ddng phii hgp de dap img nhiing nhu cau, nhung nguyen vpng ciia ngudi cao tudi Dd la viec tao dieu kien de ngudi cao hjoi tham gia vao cac hoat ddng kinh te, tang thu nhap phit hgp vdi sire khde va sd trudng ciia mdi ngudi Viec
cd them thu nhap, cting vdi co che ve bao hiem xa hdi cbo ngudi cao tudi va diic tinh tiet kiem, danh dum von cd cua ngudi cao hioi Viet Nam se ban che sy le thudc cua ldp ngudi cao tudi vao the he con chau Chinh phu, cac
CO quan nha nudc, cac td chiic xa hdi can cd cac chinh sach, co che, chuong trinh bd trg, nang cao chat lugng boat ddng ciia Hdi Ngudi cao tudi, cac Hdi ma ngudi cao tudi tham gia nhu Hdi Cuu chien binh, Hdi Phu nij giup ngudi cao tudi cd ca hdi dugc tham gia cac boat ddng xa hpi, ca bdi dugc chia se kmh nghiem cupc sdng lam phong pbii them ddi s6ng ciia minh, lap day cac khoang trdng tinh than va tao su dn djnb ve trang thai tam ly vdn rat de dao ddng ciia ngudi cao tuoi Tuong tu, cac td cbiic cung cap dich vu xa hdi, cham sdc siic khde cho ngudi cao tudi ciing can cd nhiing chuyen vien cd day dit tinh chuyen nghiep, chuyen sau va nhiing hieu biet ve tam sinh ly, sire khde ngudi cao tudi ciing vdi nhirng thyc hanh dua tren cac chuan myc dao diic, xa hdi Cac ca sd y te, thdng qua cac chinh sach ve cham sdc sire khde ngudi cao
P H A T T R I E N B E N VIJNG VUNG Q U Y E N 9, SO 2 (6/2019) 137
Trang 8tudi, chinh sach bao hiem y te can xitc tien va su thuan tien trong tiep can, phong phii ve viec phat hien, chira benh sdm cung nbu tien hinh thiic nhu td chirc kham stic khde dinh ky, hanh cac bien phap phdng ngira benh tat, tai td chtic boat ddng truyen thdng tryc tiep, cham nan ddi vdi ngudi gia Cac dich vy y t l nay sdc sire khde tai nha, ke ca kham chiia benh tir pbai hudng den tinh chii ddng, thudng xuyen thien v.v
Tai lifu tham khao
1 Giang Thanh Long (2008) Chinh sach xa hpi va viec sir dung ca sd kham chiia benh cua ngudi cao
tuoi Viet Nam Tap chi Bdo hiim xd hgi, so 4
2 Hoang Mpc Lan (2011) D&i song tinh than cua ngu&i eao tuoi a Viet Nam hien nay Bao cao tai Hpi
thao Van h6a trong loan cau h6a - thach thiic va phat tnen Dai hpc Khoa hpc xa hpi va Nhan van Dia chi tren internet: http//www.socialwork.vn/2011/06/05/2195
3 Nguyen Diic Chien va Nguy6n Thi HuyIn Giang (2018) Rdo edn trong chdm sdc ngu&i eao tuoi d
ndng thdn vung Dong Bdc, trong Quyen cua ngudi cao tuoi Viet Nam Nxb Dai hpc quoc gia
4 Nguyen The Hue (2005) Thuc trang sire khde vd dai sdng ngu&i eao tuoi & Hdi Duang Qudng Binh vd
Dak Lak www.goptp.gov.vn
5 Pham ThSng (2007) Dieu tra dich tl hpc ve tinh hinh benh tat, nhu cau cham soc y te va xa hpi ciia
ngudi cao tuoi Viet Nam Tap chi Ddn so vd Phdt trien, Tong cue dan so, so 4
6 Phan Phuc (2018) Su tham gia cua ngu&i cao luoi tgi cgng ddng (Nghien cuu trudng hgp tgi phuang 8,
qudn Tdn Binh, Tp Ho Chi Minh) Luan van Thac sy Xa hpi hpc, Hpc vien Khoa hpc xa hpi
7 Tong cue DS& KHHGD (2006) Hien trang cong tac cham soc ngudi cao tuoi Tgp chi Ddn so & Phdt
triin (so 1/2006) Tai tir: www.gop^.gov.vn
8 Tran Thi Mai Oanh (2011) Sice khoe chdm soc sicc khde cua nguai cao ludi vd thir nghiem mo hinh
can thiep & Chi Linh, Hdi Duang Bao cao nghien ciiu cita Dai hpc Y te cong cpng
9 UNFPA Viet Nam (2009) Chinh sdch chdm sdc sicc khde nguai cao luoi thich ung v&i thay ddi ca edu
tudi & VietNam Tai tii: https://vietnam.unfpa.org/vi
10 UNFPA Viet Nam (2011) Gid hoa ddn sd vd nguai cao tuoi a Viet Nam - Thuc trgng, du bdo vd mot
so khuyen nghi ehinh sdch https://vietnam.unfpa.org/vi
11 Vien nghien ciru Y xa hpi hpc - IRC (2011) Dieu tra quoc gia ve ngu&i eao tuoi Hpi Lien hiep Phu nii
Viet Nam, http://baochinhphu,vn/Hoat-dong-Bo-nganh/Cong-bo-Dieu-tra-quoc-gia-ve-nguoi-cao-tuoi-Viet-Nam
Thong tin tac gia:
Phan Phuc, Th S Ngay nhan bai: 26/4/2019
- Dan V! cong tac Can bo Phircmg 8, quan Tan Binh, Ngay nhan ban sira: 18/5/2019
TP Ho Chi Minh ^^^y duyet dang: 25/5/2019
138 PHAT T R I E N B E N V O N G V U N G Q U Y E N 9, s o 2 (6/2019)