3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface What this Guide is about How the Guide is organised 1 Section - Introduction 1.1 What is BIM 1.2 Why BIM for facility management 2 Section – Enabling BIM f
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Version 0.2
Trang 2BCA acknowledges the leadership provided
by the BIM Steering Committee in support of the production of the Building Information Modelling (BIM) for Asset Information Delivery Guide
©Building and Construction Authority 2017
Building and Construction Authority
52 Jurong Gateway Road, #11-01
Singapore 608550
www.bca.gov.sg
Draft published October 2017
While every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy and quality of information contained in this publication, the Building and Construction Authority, its employees, agents or industry partners can take no responsibility for the subsequent use of this information, nor for any errors or omissions that it may contain
Cover image and design courtesy of RSP Architects Planners & Engineers (Pte) Ltd and BCA Academy
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This Guide was prepared by the Centre for Construction IT of Building and Construction Authority (BCA) and BIM FM Workgroup We would like to thank the following for their contributions
Mr Cheng Tai Fatt
Mr Lam Lee Fatt
Mr Wong Soo Yuen
Mr Jusuf Anggono
Dr Keyu Chen
Building and Construction Authority
Mr Tony Khoo EM Services Pte Ltd / IFMA President 2016 - 2017
Dr Norman Wu
Mr Zaw Moe Lwin MOH Holdings
Mr Larry Cheng Housing and Development Board
Mr Jason Loy CapitaLand Mall Asia Limited
Mr Wong Joo Siong Keppel Land (Ocean Properties LLP)
Mr Mohd Taha Cushman & Wakefield
Mr Jonathan Lee SMM Pte Ltd
Mr Emmanuel Leung CPGFM Pte Ltd
Mr Chew Chin Huat National University of Singapore
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Mr Chin Kee Onn
Dr Steve Kardinal Jusuf Singapore Institute of Technology (SIT)
Mr Joseph Yau
Ms Alice Leung DPR Asia Pacific
Teo Koon Poon
Mr Tay Kok Chin Ecodomus
Mr Richard Kuppusamy Lendlease
Dr Alex Lee Building Engineering
Mr Lim Joo Hoe Temasek Polytechnic
Ms Wiliana Sulistio bSS Singapore Chapter
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Preface
What this Guide is about
How the Guide is organised
1 Section - Introduction
1.1 What is BIM
1.2 Why BIM for facility management
2 Section – Enabling BIM for Asset Information Delivery
2.1 Framework to use BIM for facility management
2.2 What data to collect
2.2.1 – Organisation information requirements
2.2.2 – Asset information requirements
2.2.3 – Employer Information Requirements
2.3 How to collect data
2.3.1 – BIM Execution Plan
2.3.2 – Evolution of data
2.3.3 - Asset management & deliverables
2.4 How to link data to FM systems
2.4.1 – Data export to FM
2.4.2 – BIM data strategy
2.4.3 – BIM-FM software integration
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
3.1 Data security
3.2 BIM performance evaluation
3.3 Asset information professionals
List of Figures
Figure 1 Data gathering and management activities
Figure 2 Framework - BIM for asset information delivery
Figure 3 Classification of BIM model and non-BIM data
Figure 4 Evolution of data
Figure 5 Assets information deliverables
Figure 6 COBie delivery guide
Figure 7 Asset information exchange into BIM
Figure 8 Asset information exchange into BIMCMMS/CAFM/BMS
Figure 9 Asset information mapping
List of Tables
Table 1 Asset information deliverables
Table 2 Data exchange methods
Bibliography
Annex A Assets components
Annex B Purposes of the As-Built BIM model
Annex C Guidelines on creating the asset information model
Annex D Data security
References
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PREFACE
WHAT THIS GUIDE IS ABOUT
Singapore has started the Building Information Modelling (BIM) journey in 2010 Many consultants and contractors have embraced the use of BIM for their projects Increasingly, we have also seen more building owners beginning to look at expanding the use of BIM for operations and maintenance purposes
For BIM to be effective for life-cycle asset management, it is important at the start of the project to understand what information is important to capture upfront for use later project lifecycle stages
This guide provides a framework for building owners to define their information requirements to be captured at design and construction stages and subsequently to
be used for operations and maintenance
HOW THIS GUIDE IS ORGANISED
The Guide has three main sections
The first section gives a broad overview on BIM and the benefits of BIM for facility
management
The second section elaborates the steps of how BIM could support delivery of asset
information management for a BIM-enabled project, describing the “what and how to
do it”
The third section covers other areas for consideration in implementing BM for facility
management solutions
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1 SECTION - INTRODUCTION
1.1 WHAT IS BIM
BIM stands for Building Information Modelling
BuildingSmart International defines BIM as follows:
“BIM is a digital representation of physical and functional characteristics of a facility A building information model is a shared knowledge resource for information about a facility forming a reliable basis for decisions during its life-cycle; defined as existing from earliest conception to demolition”
BIM is all about data that is build up starting from the design, to construction and finally
to the operations and maintenance phase Both geometry and non-geometrical data describing building elements are found in BIM
More information on BIM can be found on www.bimsg.org
1.2 WHY BIM FOR FACILITY MANAGEMENT
The goal of facility managers primarily is to make buildings more energy-efficient and perform optimally to serve the occupiers To do the job effectively, facility managers would need to have quick access to relevant and up to date information and data at all times Hence, at handover stage, it is important that information that are key to effective operations and maintenance are accurate and complete A problem today at handover stage is the inconsistency of hand-over information that makes it very challenging for
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the recipient to organise and subsequently use the information effectively for facility management
With BIM, information can be captured and presented in a structured manner and it can be digitally accessed and managed more conveniently compared to hardcopies documents Manually entering asset data into FM systems will be a thing of the past BIM data can also be integrated with Smart buildings solutions in a seamless manner facilitating predictive maintenance regime BIM can help facility managers to access digital information within minutes as compared to possibly taking hours to retrieve the same information without BIM
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2 SECTION – ENABLING BIM FOR ASSET INFORMATION DELIVERY
2.1 FRAMEWORK TO USE BIM FOR FM
The key to effective BIM for facility management (BIM FM) is to understand what are the asset information requirements critical for operations and maintenance (O&M) phase Asset management is about managing assets to achieve better O&M outcomes Hence it is essential that building owners should have the end in mind in order to define what is required at the start of the project
The framework presented in this Guide below proposes an approach to define and capture asset information for a BIM-enabled project This Guide also prescribes how these asset information can be linked to FM systems but do not cover the technical connections and configurations in details as this varies according to the FM solutions deployed on site Typically data can be passed on to such FM solutions via direct integration or flat file transfer
Facility owners/managers can leverage on BIM to setup a data-centric repository of location-based asset information The effectiveness of a BIM for FM solution very much depends on “what to do, how to do and who to do it” in terms of data collection
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A typical approach to organise and gather asset data for facility management is
illustrated in the Error! Reference source not found Basically there are 3-key stages
in the data management framework for BIM-enabled asset delivery project
Figure 1 Data gathering and management activities
Stages Key Activities
Asset Information Requirements
Employer Information Requirements
BIM Execution Plan
Evolution of Data
Data export to
FM
BIM Data Strategy
BIM-FM Software Integration
Assets Management &
Deliverables
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A general framework in terms of workflow from information requirements gathering to
deriving the asset information model is illustrated in Figure 2
Figure 2 Framework - BIM for Asset Information Delivery
The following contents in this section will elaborate on this framework and how it linked with the data gathering and management
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2.2 WHAT DATA TO COLLECT
2.2.1 Organisational Information Requirements (OIR)
To embark on a BIM-enabled project for facility management, it is important for the client to carry out a review of the Organisation Information Requirements (OIR) at a
strategic level
The OIR should be aligned with the organisation’s vision, mission and strategic objectives A useful reference is the UK’s Ministry of Justice OIR document that is available on public domain web-site
References:
1 UK PAS 1192-2:2013 – Specification for information management for the capital/delivery phase of construction projects using building information modelling
2 UK PAS 1192-3:2014 – Specification for information management for the operational phases of assets using building information modelling
Organisational Information Requirements (OIR) – the information which the organisation
need to know in order to run the business
Assets Information requirements (AIR) – the information the organisation need to know about
its assets it is responsible for
Employer Information Requirements (EIR) – Sets out the information to be delivered, the
standards and processes to be adopted for a construction project
Stages Key Activities
What data to
collect
Organisational Information Requirements
Asset Information Requirements
Employer Information Requirements
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2.2.2 Asset Information Requirements (AIR)
In the early design stage, the key assets and their associated information required by the employer need to be concluded The methodology for asset management activities also need to be clearly identified
The asset information needed could be in the form of graphical model and geographical data The key asset information required are those associated with building service system, its operation, maintenance and recycling information Assets that meet the followings criterion could be defined as key asset, whose information should be collected:
non-a Asset component with high frequency use and abrasion that require a regular or unpredicted period of monitor, maintenance and replace;
b Asset component that directly linked to the ordinary service of the asset e.g ventilation, air-condition and drainage system etc.;
The following shows some of the asset’s components to be captured for the
deliverables (Sample details are shown in Annex A):
1 Space Identification
2 Conveyance Systems
3 Safety/Security Systems
4 Information Technology System
5 Air Distribution System
6 Building Automation, Monitoring, Space Control
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An agreed classification system (e.g naming convention in Figure 3) among all data
providers is also necessary to maintain a well-managed data environment when developing the asset information This could also assist the user to develop a data repository for real time data retrieve, reuse and expansion The selection of
classification system should meet the capability, interest and special demand of all project participants, as well as the feature of the asset type
Figure 3 Classification of BIM Model & Non-BIM data
Classifications for BIM
Classifications provide useful information about the roles and functions of objects defined in BIM In exchanging of information from BIM authoring tools to downstream applications via COBIE, IFC or other means, we need to specify a classification type such as OmniClass, Uniclass, or using a customised classification, to associate attributes with the BIM objects
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The building/facility owner would require the asset function classification and associated level of access to facilitate the management of asset during O&M phase The building/facility owner should also consider if any business case evaluation and operation require any specific information In addition, the health and safety of the asset operation environment also deserve attention, associated information should be collected during early design and construction stage
AIR will lead to the development of Employer’s Information Requirements (EIR) The AIR would include the following aspects:
3 Operation & maintenance information
a Asset condition: its life span, duty, intensity and performance of use;
b Location, compatibility of spares;
c Maintenance record, contract and plan;
d Previous system failure, reason, solution and potential threat etc
e Utility usage information;
4 Financial information
a Original design & construction cost;
b Operation and maintenance (historical and estimated future) cost;
c Purchase or leasing cost;
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6 Managerial information
a Naming conventions;
b Asset identification number and building component & service ID;
c Spatial information of asset: location, area, size etc.;
d Capacity and utilisation usage;
e Warranties and insurance information;
f Information of asset recycling, repurposing and demolition;
7 Safety information
a Instruction and requirement for report;
b Risk assessment and control for activities;
c Code of conduct for health and safety operation & measurement;
d Regulatory responsibilities e.g construction design and management (CDM);
e Existing and potential hazard and waste;
f Access control and duty schedule;
g Security and surveillance;
h Emergency practice: office in charge and contact information
2.2.3 Employers Information Requirements (EIR)
The EIR generally outlines the information to be delivered, together with any
associated standard and process to be adopted by project delivery teams It will also establish the scope of work for the engaged project team to create the data in a structured manner The detailed approach to be taken, including defining the roles and responsibilities of the key stakeholders in the value chain that need to create the asset
data, should be spelled out in details in the BIM Execution Plan (BEP)
Sufficient information could ensure an excellent building management and performance during the O&M stage The information collected should be used for the following purposes:
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1 The standard and method of data preparation and submission;
2 Impact on the asset from cost, carbon emission, energy & water consumption, waste management and environmental etc aspects;
3 The impact of the asset and its operation should be documented separately, where operation impact is continuous and evolving process;
4 Compare the predicted and actual asset impact;
5 Overall asset impact value for facility value e.g facility impact and yearly impact;
6 Facility operation and cost anticipation;
7 Operation and parameter of system;
8 Replacement of facility components, its impact and sequence;
9 The security requirement regarding to operational confidential or sensitive information will be included in the EIR;
10 Detailed component material to support recycling and demolition of physical asset;
11 Asset disposal information to support cost planning and waste impact analysis;
12 Disposal of component with sensitive or confidential information/function
The EIR will have influence on the delivery of the Project Information Model (PIM) and Asset Information Model (AIM) It basically spelled out the information needed,
at what stages and in what format It should cover the following: Naming convention that compliance with the regulatory, client or the O&M group’s standard; Classification system; requirement on the use of BIM platform; the approach of governance e.g data exchange, share and communicate; the frequency of coordination meeting as well as data drops
The Project Information Model (PIM) will be developed in an environment which use
the BEP as a standard and procedure guideline The PIM will be evolved from the most initial concept design to the ultimate construction model to support construction phase activities By the end of the design stage, the PIM will be achieved which meet the requirement in the EIR PIM will include both graphical information of the approved 3D
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asset model, and non-graphical model including the quantity, product information and impact to the environment during construction and operation
After which is the Asset Information Model (AIM) where key information expected by
O&M phase will be extracted to maintain a stable channel with external building management system for O&M purposes
2.3 HOW TO COLLECT DATA
References: Singapore BIM Guide Version 2 ( www.bimsg.org )
The Singapore BIM Guide Version 2 outlines the various possible deliverables, processes and personnel/professionals involved when BIM is being used in a construction project
Users can use this BIM Guide to clarify the roles and responsibilities of project members when using BIM
in a construction project The roles and responsibilities are then captured in a BIM Execution Plan (BEP),
to be agreed between the Employer and project members
Stages Key Activities
How to collect
data
BIM Execution Plan
Evolution of Data
Assets Management &
Deliverables
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2.3.1 BIM Execution Plan (BEP)
BIM Execution Plan (BEP) is a document prepared by the BIM Manager & maintained along with the project progress as a live document to explain in detail on how they plan
to meet the Asset Information Requirement specified by the facility owner In the Asset Information Delivery strategy, the consultants and contractors should propose:
The roles and responsibility of the parties and individual for information modelling and management of the project;
The process and procedure to collect, coordinate, and deliver asset information;
The process and procedure to share the asset information among project team members & cross parties;
The procedure on their quality assurance processes for Data, Models and Documents;
Response to the client’s specific requirements, confirming the ability to comply on the timing, content, and format of information delivery;
Comments where deliverables are impractical to deliver with alternative delivery proposals;
If aftercare is required, the contractor must specify the period of aftercare (the number of years that the model should be managed for) following handover
More details on the BEP can be found in the Singapore BIM Guide (www.bimsg.org)
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2.3.2 Evolution of Data
The evolution of a BIM model for facility management will generally go through the
following phases as shown in Figure 4
Figure 4 Evolution of data
Any changes in design or contract during construction stage have to be reflected back
to the original construction model so as to derive the As-Built BIM Model Together
with any other relevant support document e.g building system instruction, supplier’s
information etc such non-graphical information, the BIM FM Model or Asset
Information Model can be derived
Coordinated BIM Design Model: The Design Model is created by the design team
that captures the intended design
Construction BIM Model: The Construction Model is developed from the Design
Model and is used by contractors for fabrication and construction coordination
As-Built BIM Model: This Model should capture the condition and relevant information
at the end of the construction stage This is generally created by the main contractor Information in the BIM As-Built model will include details, annotation, dimensions, building sections, schedules and elevations The BIM As-Built model will also include material and equipment properties as determined during the construction process The
Coordinated Design
BIM Model
Construction BIM Model
As-Built BIM Model
BIM FM Model/ Asset Information Model
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building owner should retain the as-built model as the authoritative source and a
reference for the building as-constructed (see Annex B for more details)
BIM FM/Asset Information Model: At this stage, the deliverables should include the
BIM FM or Asset Information Model (AIM) and other information such as asset
inventory, asset location and classification The AIM is derived from the BIM As-Built Model When creating the AIM, the following modifications are made:
a Extraneous information is removed including construction details and working; drawing sheets This information can be obtained from the as-built model if needed, but otherwise encumbers the AIM
b Building equipment items are numbered with unique asset ID’s;
c Established links to related project information such as equipment specifications, O&M manuals and images,
The AIM should contain the information required or information links for the Operation
& Maintenance (OM) of the asset These information include the following:
1 Existing asset design, construction, contract, maintenance and installation etc information: original and subsequent extension record;
2 Three dimensional object based asset model;
3 Information related to the ownership or covenants of the asset;
4 Information collected during previous operation, maintenance and monitoring of asset
The AIM will need to be up to date at all times to reflect the status of the asset
See Annex C on guidelines for creation of the AIM
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2.3.3 Asset Management and Deliverables
As asset information is essential for business operations, it is important to have a process to ensure the collection and management of good quality and accurate data Therefore this session defines the deliverables (either documents, graphical models or drawings) to be produced by the project team at the end of the project, named as Asset Information Model (AIM)
This part of the document explain the key steps and criterion of how the data will be managed throughout the whole asset management process This including how the information to be verified for its content validity, how the information to be exchanged and delivered
2.3.3.1 Asset Information Deliverables
The development of PIM and AIM includes transfer data from existing asset, collect new data from existing asset and exchange data with other organisations All asset information will only be included in AIM until it has been verified and approved for publication
The deliverables usually contain BIM and non-BIM deliverables The BIM deliverables usually consist of a set of BIM models (e.g architectural model, structural model and plumbing model, fire protection model, ACMV model, electrical model, etc.) and each
of the models contains geometric representation of the BIM Elements and their selected non-geometric attributes The non-BIM deliverables usually consist of other asset information documents (files in PDF, JPEG, XLS, etc.) that are linked to the BIM deliverables
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The delivery frequency and time will be associated with each activity along with the project progress The owner will also require project team to deliver real time data for decision making The format, content and quality of this information will be defined in
AIR Figure 5 shows the structure of Asset Information Deliverables
2.3.3.2 BIM Deliverables
To ensure the BIM deliverables are useful in the operation and maintenance stage, facility owner should define ACMV and Standard for all project members to follow
Define Asset Information
The Asset Information Requirements usually consist of the geometric elements (e.g assets to be modelled) and the non-geometric data (e.g asset information to be tagged
as parameter in the geometric elements)
Not all information about a facility needs to be captured within a BIM model While it is possible to request all asset to be modelled, a facility owner needs to understand that for every object included in a BIM model, the file size of the model will increase The facility owner should also understand that the more detail an object is, the bigger file size it will be and the longer it will take to load the model Over-specifying may cause user to obtain unnecessary information at an inflated cost Hence, it is important to know the purpose of having certain objects in a model (e.g whether that particular asset is actually managed) before putting those requirements in a tender document
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Figure 5 Asset Information Deliverables
This guide provides a recommendation on the level of granularity required in the Asset
Information Model Refer to Annex A for an example of how facility owners can make
this request as part of their Asset Information Requirements Facility owners are advised to exercise due judgement in using Annexe A and make their own adjustments
as needed
Define Asset Information Standards
To ensure that information stored in the BIM model can be retrieved easily, as mentioned before, facility owners should indicate a set of organisation standards and classification for organising the information in their Asset Information Model The following are example that facility owners can use if they do not have a pre-existing organisation standard for asset information
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Asset Naming Convention: Location (Building Name or Code) – Storey – Asset Type – Unique numerical number;
Asset Classification System: such as Omniclass, Uniclass, Master Format or another format agreed with all project stakeholders;
File Naming Convention: As per regulatory BIM e-submission guidelines (refer
to Chapter 7 of the Code of Practice for Building Information Modelling (BIM) Submission – General Requirements)
e-2.3.3.3 Non-BIM Deliverables
Non-BIM deliverables are referring to asset information documents that are submitted separately from the BIM model but are linked or generated from the BIM models For example, T&C or O&M documents are usually not embedded in the BIM element but the link (URL) to that particular documents could be provided To ensure the link will not be broken during the project hand-over, facility owner may want to advise project team members on the folder structure of the stored documents
These non-geometric data should include all documentation for all hand-over, such as COBie, PDF, all information for planning application, update or modification for contract and design change information etc COBie has been used to facilitate information exchange especially to people who has less experience and knowledge of application
or database Therefore COBie has been used as one of the communication method
between the client and its service providers (Figure 6) These information such as
equipment and components will be grouped based on various categories e.g spatial location, function etc to help decision making; as well as other information which may not be able to show on graphical 3D model
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Non-BIM deliverable also include information in the following format:
Generated from the BIM model (e.g COBie in spreadsheet or other format);
Created separately from the BIM model but are linked to the BIM model
This type of information usually will be consumed later by a Computerised Maintenance Management System (CMMS) / Computer Aided Facilities Management (CAFM) / Building Management System (BMS) system Facility owner should consult their CMMS/CAFM/BMS vendor on the preferred way in consuming Asset Information Deliverables
Figure 6 COBie Delivery Guide
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2.3.3.4 Define Timing, Content, and Format of Any Deliverables
The building/facility should be specific in specifying the timing, the content, and the format of any interim and finalised deliveries This is to allow the lead consultant and/or
lead contractor to prepare and respond appropriately Table 1 below shows an
example of deliverable schedule and milestones on asset information deliveries
Table 1 Asset Information Deliverables
Contract Award BIM Execution Plan that include asset
Detailed Design
Designed Performance of Managed Asset
(e.g cooling capacity of the chillers)
Location of Managed Asset
Native File Format + Excel
Construction All other asset information as specified in
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2.3.3.5 Asset Information Process
Asset information process is defined by the organization / employer to guide involved parties regarding their procedure and practice It supports the following activities:
1 Develop and deploy asset management strategy and planning;
2 Asset lifecycle operation;
a Knowledge management;
b Tasks and activity management;
c Staff management etc
A process of information governance will be established to ensure the asset information strategy has been well deployed and in line with the OIR The AIM which identify how and what information will be extracted from As-Built BIM and to meet the OIR will also be clarified
The exchange of data among PIM, As-Built BIM and eventually to AIM can be multiple format oriented based between all project participates e.g information providers and the client
Project information e.g BIM data usually evolve when the project progresses from conceptual design stage to O&M stage Some data that is specific to a particular stage (e.g alternative design options in design development stage) will not be brought over
to the next stage as it may not be relevant or useful for the following stage to work on
it Some data could also be lost or incompatible which require additional effort to transfer the data On another hand, Lifecycle data such as asset information will continue to grow along with the progress of the project when the design and selection
of assets become more certain
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2.3.3.6 Information verification process
All information from external will be verified and accepted by appointed individual or party in the organisation before it can be part of the AIM The Intellectual Property and authorisation of the information will also be verified If the data exchanged from other organisation (e.g a third party) has been rejected, it should be archived separately for future reference The originator will be informed for second submission Information within PIM archive area will also be transferred into AIM archive area
In addition, once the information has been approved and shared, the content will be publicity and its availability will be out of control Hence additional check should be planned especially when there is commercial sensitive information included
2.3.3.7 Information status
The information delivered to the next activity or user could represent the current status and progress of the project The current activity can be closed until this piece of information has been verified and added to the AIM or other shared zone with external parties for update Any information within the AIM that is not relevant to current activity will be remained unaffected
The completeness of the information need to be reviewed in the following aspects:
1 Information developed should meet the design intention and actual asset for veracity;
2 Both space and component of the asset should be grouped in a structured way;
3 Any resources information (e.g labour, physical space and finance) required;
4 All information will be provided on time: either at the handover or along with the different data drop point along with during the project delivery stage
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2.3.3.8 Information exchange & delivery
How information will be exchanged and what will be exchanged are defined by the AIR The exchange process, work flow and format should in line with contract and BIM protocol The content and quality of what to be exchanged need to support and full fill organisation activity activities
The information exchange should meet the decision points’ requirement The role of information provider and receiver can be swapped during different project stages Asset delivery team (e.g designer & contractor) will provide information for client to monitor the progress of the project and make decision during asset delivery phase During O&M phase, the client as asset owner will provide information regarding building performance back to the delivery team for associated update
In order to export data to FM system to support O&M activities, COBie could be one of the option Other possible solutions such as export form BIM authoring platform or plug-ins / APIs
2.3.3.9 Asset Information Maintenance
The maintenance of the asset should follow a standardised procedure so as to effectively collect and analyse data Such a procedure should cover and contribute but not limited to the following aspects:
1 Roles and responsibility of asset information management e.g developing, verify and future use etc.;
2 Asset information requirement, e.g format, content, representation, sharing etc
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2.4 HOW TO LINK DATA TO FM SYSTEMS
BIM authoring tools Data directly extracted from BIM authoring tools to
FM systems that can allowed for seamless integration
Industry Foundation Classes
Middleware APIs Data transferred via APIs that can populate the
appropriate data fields in the FM systems database
2.4.1.1 Populate Asset Information into BIM
Only key asset information (e.g asset identifier, location) are directly input into the BIM platform The rest of the asset information are populated through database or
spreadsheet platform and exported into the BIM platform later (Figure 7)
Stages Key Activities
BIM-FM Software Integration