Strategies for teaching early chinese language learners

Strategies for Teaching Early Chinese Language Learners Shuhan C.. Essential Elements of Curriculum Special Considerations for Teaching Chinese in K-6 • Oral Language and Literacy • Ten

Strategies for Teaching

Early Chinese Language

Learners

Shuhan C Wang ( 王周淑涵 ), Ph.D.

Asia Society Carol Ann Dahlberg ( 杜凯若安 ), Ph.D.

Concordia College, Moorhead, Minnesota

Essential Elements of Curriculum

Special Considerations for Teaching Chinese in K-6

• Oral Language and Literacy

• Ten Principles

Lessons from Experience

Kindergarten-6 Standards-based Content-related Thematically Designed Language learning system

Essential Elements for Building Curriculum

飞向中文 is guided by…

Standards for Foreign Language Learning

in the 21st Century

Connections Comparisons

Communication

Thematic Planning

Essential Elements:

飞向中文 is guided by…

makes instruction more

understandable to learners because the theme creates

a meaningful context.

Thematic Planning

provides a rich context for standards-based learning

Thematic Planning

is student-centered It involves students in real language use, in

a variety of situations, modes,

and text types.

Thematic Planning

links language instruction to

the philosophy and content of the general elementary school curriculum.

Thematic Planning

connects content, language

and culture goals to a “big idea,”

or enduring understanding, as

recommended by Understanding

by Design

Thematic Planning

The qualities of a good story are the qualities of a good

Clear BEGINNING

MIDDLE and END

Each book is a story…

Each lesson is a story…

Each page is a story…

Each activity is a story…

Understanding by Design

Essential Elements:

飞向中文 is guided by…

Stages in the Backward Design Process

Identify

desired

results

Determine acceptable evidence

Plan learning experiences and instruction

Enduring Understandings Essential Questions

Performance Assessments

Teacher Guide

“I can” statements

Identify desired results

Backward Design Process

Ongoing Checks and Demonstrations

2

Plan learning

experiences,

instruction

Backward Design Process

Thinking like a storyteller

Thinking like a coach 3

The work must be purposeful from

the student’s point of view.

The Relationship between Oral

Language and Literacy

Development

Pre-Literacy is the Bridge

oral text written

text

What Does Pre-Literacy Mean?

• Oral language and literacy are mirror images

of each other: Oral language is written words spoken out loud; Written language is spoken words written down

• Use oral language as the base for literacy

• The act of literacy is important: reading, being

read to, look at prints, icons, etc

Building Blocks of Chinese

Literacy

• Hanzi

• Key Words and Word Banks

• Environmental and Functional Print

• Labeling

Big Ideas about Hanzi

Students should understand that:

• hanzi are two dimensional in square form,

which is different from alphabets that are linear and uni-dimensional

• hanzi are not just lines or strokes randomly put

together; they must be written in certain order

• many hanzi have components that indicate

sounds and/or meaning

• by using strategies, they will be able to learn

hanzi effectively

Learning Hanzi as a Literary and

Cultural Experience

• In Grades K-2, students are introduced

to single hanzi that recur in the lesson,

with emphasis on tracing, copying, and recognition of sound, meaning, and form

• In Grade 3 and beyond, students begin

to combine individual hanzi into

meaningful words, phrases, expressions, and sentences in context

Teaching Pinyin to Young Learners

• Mastery of Hanyu Pinyin is critical for

students using Chinese word processing on the computer

• If learners in kindergarten through Grade 2 are simultaneously learning phonics, English language arts, and hanyu pinyin, there might

be interference issue

• In later grades, there is less of an

interference issue, and students can draw on their knowledge of English phonics for help

Ten Principles of Teaching Chinese to

Children

1 Teach 98-100 per cent of the time

in Chinese.

98%-100% 的时间用中文教学。

2 Use Chinese for classroom

management as well as for instruction.

课堂管理和教学都用中文。

3 Provide extended listening experiences

through use of storytelling, story reading, Total Physical Response (TPR) activities, explanations, descriptions, and

demonstrations

演示等形式，给学生一个中文环境，训练学生的听 力。在这些活动中所使用的语言应切合学生现有的 理解程度，稍微高于 (i+1) 。

Ten Principles of Teaching Chinese to

Children

4 Avoid translation, and do not encourage

students to translate Use visuals,

gestures, physical activity, and clear context

to clarify meaning Check for understanding using the same tools, and by asking

students to perform with the new language

避免将英文翻译为中文，或将中文翻译为英文，也 不鼓励学生翻译。通过可视手段、手势、身体活动 以及清楚的上下文语境让学生明白意思。使用同样 的方式检查学生是否已理解，并要求学生用新学的 语言将意思表演出来。

Ten Principles of Teaching Chinese to

Children

5 Present vocabulary in functional chunks

and in context, rather than as isolated words or lists

将要学的单词通过一系列功能性语言或上

下文意思，而不是使用单独的单 词或词汇表演示出来。

Ten Principles of Teaching Chinese to

Children

6 Plan lessons to include a variety of

activities, student groupings, and

types of interaction that will appeal

to differing learner interests and

7 Use songs, rhymes, chants, and

games to practice language and

reinforce concepts.

使用歌曲、韵文、吟诵和游戏来练习语 言使用和加强概念。

Ten Principles of Teaching Chinese to

Children

8 Choose authentic songs, games,

stories, and rhymes in preference to translations whenever possible.

9 Provide opportunities for learners to

express personal meaning from the

earliest stages of the program.

从教学早期开始就为学生提供表达个

人意愿的机会。

Ten Principles of Teaching Chinese to

Children

10 Encourage growing independence and

independent language use on the part of learners, moving them toward increased expression of individual ideas and opinions.

鼓励学生培养独立使用语言的能力，一步一 步培养学生表达个人思想和意见的能力。

Ten Principles of Teaching Chinese to

Children

Strategies for Teaching

Early Chinese Language

Learners

Thanks to our Publisher

Panpac Education Marshall Cavendish Education

Singapore

谢谢

Thanks to our Distributor

谢谢

Cheng & Tsui Company

Boston www.cheng-tsui.com

1-800-554-1963

Flying with Chinese

飞向中文