A nanoscale object moving autonomously over a self assembled microscopic structure has important nano robotics applications

Objective The purpose of this module is to introduce the emerging nanotechnology field to novices of nanotechnology... Where does your imagination take you?Figure 1.1: Preface Is nanotec

Introduction to Nanotechnology

Alberto Quiñonez, Ph.D.

Professor Electronics and Advanced Technologies

Austin Community College

Objective The purpose of this module is to introduce the emerging

nanotechnology field to novices of nanotechnology.

Where does your imagination take you?

Figure 1.1:

Preface

Is nanotechnology the gateway to the

future for human beings on Earth?

Figure 1.3: Arnold Schwarzenegger’s character mentions

nanotechnology in “The Terminator 3” movie.

“…its arsenal includes nanotechnological transjectors…It can control other machines.”

Figure 1.2: A nanocar made from a single

molecule.

Emergence

“Nanotechnology is the understanding and control of matter at

dimensions of roughly 1 to 100 nanometers, where unique

phenomena enable novel applications.”

“Encompassing nanoscale science, engineering and technology,

nanotechnology involves imaging, measuring, modeling, and

manipulating matter at this length scale.”

National Nanotechnology Initiative, 2007

Figure 1.5: National Nanotechnology Initiative.

Scale of Things—Nanometers

Figure 1.6: Sematech nanoscholar interns of Texas.

Brief History

Figure 1.7: Stained glass windows Figure 1.8: Picture of gold nano particles

The concepts of nanotechnology are not new to nature or to

mankind An early example of a manmade nanoprocess is stained

glass.

Brief History, Continued

Figure 1.9: Tokyo Science University

Birth of Nanotechnology

• Professor Taniguchi of Tokyo Science

University used the word “nanotechnology”

to describe the science and technology of

processing or building parts with nanometric

tolerances.

•A nanometer is a unit of length in the metric

system, equal to one billionth of a meter

Figure 1.10: Equivalent Units

Brief History, Continued

Dr Richard P Feynman

• “Why cannot we write the entire 24

volumes of the Encyclopedia

Britannica on the head of a pin?”

Dr Richard Feynman, one of

America’s most notable physicists,

1918-1988.

Figure 1.11: Richard Feynman.

Brief History Continued,

Dr Feynman, Continued

• “The problems of chemistry and

biology can be greatly helped if our

ability to see what we are doing, and

to do things on an atomic level, is

ultimately developed – a

development which I think cannot be

avoided.”

Figure 1.12: Collection of reminiscences by

Nobel Prize-winning physicist.

Brief History, Continued

Atomic Scale

• A computer image of the

nano ice double helix.

• In the nano ice image, oxygen

atoms are blue in the inner

helix, purple in the outer helix

Hydrogen atoms are white.

Figure 1.13: A nanotechnology self-assembly process.

More History

Figure 1.15: DNA damage.

Figure 1.14: Drexler’s book.

• Coined the term “Grey Goo”…the

potential problem of self-replicating and

autonomous artificial intelligence

machines

More History, Continued

Eric Drexler, Continued

Cell Repair Machines

• “By working along molecule by

molecule and structure by

structure, repair machines will be

able to repair whole cells By

working along cell by cell and

tissue by tissue, they…will be able

to repair whole organs…they will

restore health.” - Drexler, 1986

Figure 1.16: Stylized example of

targeted cell repair.

X

More History, Continued

Figure 1.17: Scanning probe microscope

systems from nanoscience instruments.

Figure 1.18: Scanning tunneling microscope

image.

Metrology

• Measurement of equipment is the cornerstone of

nanotechnology.

More History, Continued

Figure 1.19: Carbon-60 buckyball is

shaped like a soccer ball.

Buckyballs

• Three gentlemen—Harold Kroto from the

University of Sussex, Robert Curl and

Richard Smalley from Rice University—were

awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in

1996 for their discovery of a new composition

of carbon, Carbon 60.

Figure 1.20: Example of Nobel prize

diploma.

More History, Continued

Figure 1.22: Dome over biosphere in Montreal Figure 1.21: A “Buckyball.”

Fullerenes

• Carbon 60 was named after Richard Buckminster Fuller, who

went by the nickname “Bucky.”

More History, Continued

Figure 1.23: Moore’s Law Figure 1.24: Photolithography.

Top-Down Approach

• Two approaches used in producing nanotechnology systems

Top-down method is used by computer chip manufacturers.

More History, Continued

Figure 1.25: An example of a molecular self assembly through hydrogen bonds.

Bottom-Up Approach

•Bottom-up approach to manufacturing is analogous to the way

biological systems are made

Welcome to NanoWorld!

Figure 1.26: Robot image.

Summary Nanotechnology is ubiquitous and pervasive It is an emerging

field in all areas of science, engineering and technology.

• American Ceramic Society (2006, March) Overview of Safety, Risks

American Ceramic Society Bulletin Vol 85 Issue 3, p6, 1/6 p

• Booker, Richard & Boysen, Earl (2005) Nanotechnology for Dummies NJ:

Wiley Publishing Inc

• Diott, D.D (2006, April) Thinking big (and small) about energetic materials

Material Science and Technology Vol 22 Issue 4 p 463, 11p

• Drexler, K Eric (1986) Engines of Creation: The Coming Era of

Nanotechnology New York: Anchor Books

• Henderson, Donald (2006) Bioterrorism: Interview with Donald Henderson

Asia Pacific Biotech News Vol 10, Issue 1, p.18, 9p

• Intel (2007) Moore’s Law Retrieved 7/02/2007 from

http://www.intel.com/technology/mooreslaw/index.htm

References, Continued

• Lane, Neal & Kalil, Thomas (2005) The National Nanotechnology Initiative:

Present at the creation Issues in Science & Technology; Summer 2005 Vol

21, p49, 6p

• Lieberman, Marya (2007) Self-assembled monolayers and multilayers of

phthalocyanines University of Notre Dame: Department of Chemistry and

Biochemistry Retrieved 7/02/2007 from http://www.nd.edu/~mlieberm/

• Mandal, Deendayal; Bolander, Mark E.; Mukhopadhyay, Debrabrata;

Sarkar, Gobinda;

• Mukherjee, Priyabrata (2006, January) The use of Microorganisms for the

formation of metal nanoparticles and their application Applied Microbiology

and Biotechnology Vol 69 Issue 5, p 485, 8p

• Mostow, Jonathan (Director) (2003) Terminator 3: Rise Of The Machines

[Motion Picture] United States: Warner Bros Pictures

References, Continued

• Murday, James F (2005) Nanotechnology: Hype and Hope in Aerospace

Applications Advanced Materials and Processes Vol 163, Issue 12, P 21,

2p

• Nanotechnology at UT Austin (2007) Graduate Portfolio Program

Retrieved 6/27/2007 from http://www.cnm.utexas.edu/graduateportfolio.html

• Nanotechnology Now (2006, March) Nanotechnology documentary to be

filmed at nanoTX'06 Retrieved 7/02/2007 from

http://www.nanotech-now.com/news.cgi?story_id=14281

• National Nanotechnology Initiative - NNI (2007) What is Nanotechnology?

Retrieved 6/25/2007 from http://www.nano.gov/html/facts/whatIsNano.html

• Rappaport, Tatiana Gabriela (2006) Semiconductors: Nanostructures and

applications in spintronics and quantum computation Vol 809 issue 1, p.326,

17p

References, Continued

• Ratner, Mark & Ratner, Daniel (2003) Nanotechnology: A Gentle

Introduction to the Next Big Idea New Jersey: Prentice Hall PTR

• Rouekes, M L., Fritz, S., Stix, G., Whiteside, G.M., Love, J.C., Alivisatos,

A.P et al (2002) Understanding Nanotechnology: Scientific American New

York: Warner Books

• Terra, Richard P (2000, March) National Nanotechnology Initiative in

FY2001 Budget: Clinton Administration Requests $497 million for NT-Related

R&D Funding Foresight Nanotech Institute Retrieved 4/02/2007 from http://

www.foresight.org/Updates/Update40/Update40.1.html

• UNL News Releases (2006, December) Self-assembling nano-ice

discovered at UNL; structure resembles DNA Retrieved 6/28/2007 from

http://ucommxsrv1.unl.edu/unlnews/public/fmpro?-db=unlnews.fp5&-format=newsrelease.shtml&-lay=unlnews&-recid=33994&-find=

• Wong, H.S Philip (2006, March) Nanoelectronics – Opportunities and

Challenges International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems

Vol 16, Issue 1, p 83, 12p

• Yamaguchi, Tomohiko; Epstein, Irving; Shimomura, Masatsugu; &

Kunitake, Toyoki (2005, December) Vol 15, Issue 4, p N, 3 p

• Zyvex: Nanotechnology Website: There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom

Retrieved 6/27/2007 from http://www.zyvex.com/nanotech/feynman.html