HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS (HPV)

HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS► HPV is the virus that causes warts.. ► Genital warts appear 6 weeks to 8 months after contact with an HPV infected person... ► Divided into 2 subcategories: Genita

HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS

(HPV)

By:

Nathalia Cruz

What is a Virus?

► Exceptionally simple living microbes

► Contain a single type of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) and a protein coat

► Obligatory intracellular parasites

► Range from 20 to 14.000 nm in length

► It’s classification is based on type of nucleic acid, strategy for replication, and morphology

HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS

► HPV is the virus that causes warts

► More than 100 different kinds, 30-some of this cause genital HPV

► Spread by sexual contact or from mother to baby

► Genital warts appear 6 weeks to 8 months after contact with an HPV infected person

► The most common sexually transmitted disease worldwide

► Certain types of HPV are linked with cervical cancer

► Divided into 2 subcategories: Genital Warts and Cervical Dysplasia

► Most people do not know they have it

► There are high risk and low risk types of it

► The papillomaviruses are part of the PAPOVAVIRIDAE

family of DNA tumor viruses

► First discovered in the early 40’s

► Gained notoriety in the early 80’s when it was discovered that some types of HPV caused cervical cancer

► Papilloma virus genome is circular covalently closed double stranded DNA of about 8 kbp

► All PV genes are coded in one of the 2 DNA strands

utilizing the alternative splicing for the individual

expression of each gene

► Papillomavirus expression is characterized by a large array

of mRNAs cells coding for different genes

► 55 nm in diameter

APPEARANCE

MECHANISM OF INFECTION

► All PV exhibit extreme specificity for infection on epithelial cells

► The papillomavirus epitheliotrophy resides in the

interaction of specific transmission factors with the viral regulatory region LCR

► The infection normally results in hyperproliferation of the host cell and may lead to transformation and

immortalization

GENITAL WARTS

► Sometimes called condylomata acuminata

► Are soft, moist or flesh colored, and appear in the genital area within weeks or months after infection

► Sometimes appear in clusters and are either raised or flat, small or large

► Women: appear in the vulva, cervix, vagina and anus

► Men: Can appear on the scrotum or penis

LIFE CYCLE (HPV-16)

with the non-coding viral regulatory region (LCR), starting transcription of the two hpv-16

transforming early genes (E6 and E7).

antioncogenic regulator p53 disrupting the cell

cycle.

LIFE CYCLE

HPV TYPES

► Numbered in order of discovery

► 30 HPV types primarily infect the squamous epithelium of the lower anogenital tracts of both males and females

► HPV types 6, 11, 42, 43, or 44 present as papillary

condylomas, may also present as flat lesions that may or may not be visible to the unaided eye are part of the “low-risk” HPV types

► Types 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 45, 51, 52, and 56 are

considered “high-risk” types because they have been found

in cervical and other lower genital tract cancers

HPV GENOMIC ORGANIZATION

► Three main regions (early,

late and the long control

region)

► (E) resides the

transformation and

immortalization potential

► (L) Two capsid genes

► (LCR) contains all the

cis-regulatory elements

HOW HPV CAUSES CANCER

the cell increases.

gene)

responding to growth stimulators This inhibitory factor is now lost.

mutation .

HPV TREATMENT

a doctor and by different

methods.

patient-applied treatment for external

genital warts.

patient-applied treatment.

trichloracetic acid and

podophyllin), which must be

applied by a trained health care

provider to destroy warts.

nitrogen to freeze off the warts.

beam or intense lights to destroy the warts.

electric current to burn off the warts.

wart in one office visit

which can be injected directly into warts.

► There is currently no cure for human papillomavirus

► Once an individual is infected, he or she carries the virus for life even if genital warts are removed

► The development of a vaccine against HPV is under way, but is still not available

► If left untreated, some genital warts may regress on their own

► http://cinvestav.mx/genetica/MyFiles/Papillomavirus/PAPep i.html

► http://www.life.umd.edu/classroom/bsci424/BSCI223WebS iteFiles/LectureList.htm#LectureList

► WWW.STDSERVICES.ON.NET/STD/WARTS

► http://www.ashastd.org/stdfaqs/hpv.html

► http://www.niaid.nih.gov/factsheets/stdhpv.htm