The WK Kellogg Foundation''''s Orphans and Vulnerable Children Project pptx

ADRA Adventist Development Relief AgenciesAIDS Acquired immunodeficiency syndromeAREX Agriculture Research and Extension BBDT Bulilimamangwe Business Development TrustBOCAIP Botswana Chr

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Interventions in Botswana, South Africa and Zimbabwe

Edited by Kgobati Magome

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First published 2006All rights reserved No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission

in writing from the publishers

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List of figures vPreface viContributors and acknowledgements viiAcronyms and abbreviations viii

Chapter 1: Introduction 1

What the project is about 1How the project is organised 1Methodology 1

Focus area 1: Home-based child-centred

Little Friends Centre for Orphaned Children in Serowe 13

Chapter 3: South Africa 15

Matjhabeng HIV/AIDS Consortium 15Tapologo 17

Midlands AIDS Service Organisation (MASO) 31Batsirai Group 35

Farm Orphan Support Trust 36

Focus area 2: Family and household support

programmes 39

Chapter 5: Botswana 41

Maun Counselling Centre and Bana Ba Keletso (Molepolole) 41

Matjhabeng HIV/AIDS Consortium 43

Chapter 7: Zimbabwe 45

FACT Nyanga 45DAPP Kukwanisa, Mutasa 46Nzeve Deaf Children’s Centre 46Tjinyunyi Babili Trust 47

Midlands AIDS Service Organisation (MASO) 48Batsirai Group 49

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Maun Counselling Centre and Bana Ba Keletso 53

Mathjabeng HIV/AIDS Consortium 55Tapologo-Heartbeat 56

Focus area 4: HIV/AIDS awareness, advocacy

and policy programmes 65

Maun Counselling Centre and Bana Ba Keletso Centres 67

Mathjabeng AIDS Consortium 69

Chapter 13: Zimbabwe 71

FACT Nyanga 71DAPP Kukwanisa, Mutasa 71Nzeve Deaf Children’s Centre 72ITDG Chimanimani 72

Tjinyunyi Babili Trust 73Midlands AIDS Service Organisation (MASO) 74Batsirai Group 74

Observations and lessons 77

Chapter 14: Strengths and opportunities 79

Appendices and References 81

Appendix 1: The vulnerability assessment tool – FACT, Zimbabwe 83Appendix 2: Pair-wise/preference ranking 84

References and sources 86

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Figure 1 Geographical location of the five intervention sites in Botswana 5Figure 2 Geographical location of the two intervention sites in South Africa 15Figure 3 Geographical location of the eight interventions sites in Zimbabwe 21

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In 2002, the WK Kellogg Foundation commissioned the HSRC to manage the conceptualisation and implementation of a research-driven, evidence-based intervention programme to assist children, households and communities affected by HIV and AIDS in South Africa, Botswana and Zimbabwe The main purpose of the project is to develop

‘models of best practice’ that will underly and facilitate the development of driven strategies to respond to the increasing burden of orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) in Africa The project has four focus areas and a series of goals, each with a set

• Home-based child-centred development programmes;

• Family and household support programmes;

• Strengthening of community-support systems and;

• HIV/AIDS awareness, advocacy and policy programmes

The publication is a sequel to an earlier HSRC publication on the same subject (Dlamini 2004) While the earlier publication focused on a select number of interventions, this

publication reports on all interventions that form part of this project in all three countries

so far

The information provides the raw material for the next phases of the project, and will eventually lead to the development of best practice models for community-driven care

of OVC

1 For more information, refer to the Operational Framework to Implement Strategy for the Care of Orphans and

Vulnerable Children in Botswana, South Africa and Zimbabwe (HSRC 2004).

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This publication was made possible through the professional and technical contributions

of the following researchers from HSRC and its various partner organisations

Botswana: Partner organisation: The Masiela Trust – Reba Phakedi, Gao Mosweu, Keeme

Mokgadi and Tselanngwe Matlhaku

South Africa: Research team: Leickness Simbayi and Donald Skinner

Partner organisation: The Nelson Mandela Children’s Fund – Tshepo Mdwaba, Jacky Lingalo and Meacala Vosloo

Zimbabwe: Research team: Shungu Munyati, Brian Chandiwana, S Rusakaniko,

F Mupambirei, S Mahati, J Mutsvangwa, N Chimbindi, T Mutsvari, A T Moyana, S Gwini,

S Buzuzi, K Mutambanengwe, and M Chirehwa

Partner organisation: FACT – Jephias Mundondo, Greater Nhiwatiwa, Perkins Machanganje, Rudo Chinogumira, Stewart Mudewe, Veronica Nhemachena, Ben C Mbaura,

S Kabungaidze, Linda Walker, Alois Sibanda, Melta Moyo, and Mrs Dhlodhlo

We appreciate the efforts of Dr Olive Shisana, the Principal Investigator on the project, who provided overall leadership

CONTRIBUTORS AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

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ADRA Adventist Development Relief AgenciesAIDS Acquired immunodeficiency syndromeAREX Agriculture Research and Extension BBDT Bulilimamangwe Business Development TrustBOCAIP Botswana Christian AIDS Interventions ProgrammeBEAM Basic Education Assistance Module

BRTI Biomedical Research and Training InstituteCABA Children affected by AIDS

CADEC Catholic Development AssociationCBO Community-based organisationCDC Centres for Disease ControlCCC Child care coordinatorCCW Child care workersCCG Child caregiversCHH Child-headed householdCIHP Centre for International Health PolicyCIMMYT International Maize and Wheat Improvement CentreCRS Catholic Relief Services

CWC Child welfare committeeDAAC District AIDS action committeeDAMSEC District AIDS Multi-Sectoral CommitteeDAPP Development Aid from People to PeopleECD Early Child Development

ECEC Early Childhood Educational CertificateEHT Environmental health technicianEIC Information, education and communicationFACT Family AIDS Caring Trust

FAMSA Family and Marriage Society of South AfricaFBO Faith-based organisation

FGD Focus group discussionsFOST Farm Orphan Support Trust GTZ German Agency for Technical Cooperation HIV Human immunodeficiency virus

IEC Information, education and communicationIGA Income generating activity

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IGP Income generating projectIRDP Integrated rural development programmeISAL Internal savings and lending

ITDG Intermediate Technology Development Group JAZ Junior Achievement in Zimbabwe

JCR Justice for Children’s RightsKMD Kerklik Maatskaplike DiensKOSH Klerksdorp, Orkney, Stilfontein and HartebeesfonteinMAC Matebeleland AIDS Council

MASO Midlands AIDS Support OrganisationMOH Ministry of Health and Child WelfareNIHR National Institute of Health Research (former Blair Research Institute)NGO Non-governmental organisation

NMCF Nelson Mandela Chidren’s FundNOVIP Dutch International Development Agency OVV Oranje Vroue Vereeniging

OVC Orphans and vulnerable childrenPLWA People living with AIDS

PMTCT Prevention-of-mother-to-child transmissionPRA Participation Rural Appraisal

RDP Reconciliation and development programmeSAT Southern African AIDS Trust

SCOPP Schools and Colleges Permaculture Programme SDA Seventh Day Adventist

SDC School development committeeSPM Selection planning managementSPW Students Partnership WorldwideSRH Sexual and reproductive healthSTD Sexually transmitted diseasesSTI Sexually transmitted infectionsSWOT Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threatsTSURO Towards Sustainable Use of Resources OrganisationUNICEF United Nations International Children’s FundUCCSA United Congregational Church of Southern AfricaUSA United States of America

Abbreviations and Acronyms

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VAAC Village action AIDS committeeVDC Village development committeeVCG Voluntary caregiver

VCT Voluntary counseling and testingVET Village extension teams

VTC Village trust committeeWAAC Ward action AIDS committee YWCA Young Women’s Christian AssociationZRP Zimbabwe Republic Police

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CHAPTER 1

Introduction

This report describes the substance of the various interventions implemented by the HSRC and its donor partners in Botswana, South Africa and Zimbabwe, as part of the research-driven, multi-country and multi-site intervention project on orphans and vulnerable children (OVC), funded by the WK Kellogg Foundation The report provides information

on what is happening on the ground and also the basic data required to develop ‘models

of best practice’ It is organised according to the project’s four focus areas: home-based, child-centred development programmes; family and household support programmes;

strengthening of community-support systems and HIV/AIDS awareness, advocacy and policy programmes, reported by country

What the project is about

The main purpose of the OVC project is to develop ‘models of best practice’ that will facilitate the development of community-driven strategies for responding to the increasing burden of OVC in Africa To achieve this, the project has been divided into two main components: first, the research component – geared to gather useful information that

is necessary to inform the OVC strategy – and second, the interventions component – geared to implement and test the OVC strategies and acquire information

The specific objectives of the project are to:

• Improve the quality of life of OVC – including health, personal development and social conditions

• Support families and households coping with an increased burden of care for OVC

• Strengthen community-based support systems as an indirect means to support vulnerable children

• Build capacity in community-based systems for sustaining care and support to OVC and households, over the long term

How the project is organised

The HSRC has identified a local non-governmental organisation (NGO) to serve as the grant maker and the lead implementer of the project in each country The grant maker selects community-based organisations (CBOs) to participate in the project and implement the interventions CBOs are selected on the basis of the objectives of the project as outlined above

Methodology

The information reflected in this document was put together by a team of field officers working on the projects both from within and outside the participating countries In order to ensure a uniform reporting frame, a pro-forma was developed for all to follow

In addition, the principal author conducted site visits to document the interventions first hand and fill in gaps where such existed

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CHAPTER 2

Botswana

The HSRC works with the Masiela Trust Fund as the local grant maker in Botswana

(The word ‘Masiela’ means orphans in Setswana) The trust was set up by Cabinet as

part of government’s response to the problem of orphans in Botswana The trust’s main function is to raise funds and allocate these to appropriate NGOs and CBOs working with OVC within the country The Masiela Board of Directors has representation from the community, as well as key government ministries The participation of high-level government representatives has helped to give the trust a high profile and acquire support from all sectors of society including the private sector The trust currently enjoys financial support from a wide range of businesses within Botswana An advisory committee made

up of prominent people in the community plays an advocacy role

The Masiela Trust Fund has selected five intervention sites to participate in this project

Their geographic location is as shown in Figure 1

Figure 1: Geographical location of the five intervention sites in Botswana

The following section outlines key information about each intervention site, and describes the substance of the work done in each site on this focus area

Maun Counselling Centre – Motse Wa Tsholofelo Day Care Centre

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under the leadership of the Lutheran Church as a Christian community response to the increasing number of people living with HIV and AIDS (PLWA) At the time of the establishment of the centre, the number of orphans in the community was estimated at

4 000 Thecentre has grown to include satellites in the villages of Sehitwe and Gumare.The Maun community has historically depended on farming and fishing for their livelihood Over the years, conditions have changed, making these activities untenable Because of the town’s proximity to the Okavango Delta, Maun has become one of the major tourist hubs of Botswana In addition, it is the district’s capital and the most urban

of all the villages in the district The mixture of cultures and livelihoods, together with high levels of poverty and competition for jobs, has resulted in a high number of women who need to exchange sex for commodities This has in turn contributed to an increase

in HIV prevalence, currently at 16.6% and an increase in the number of orphans within the town and the region as a whole

The main objectives of the programmes at the centre are:

• To provide the children and their caregivers with social, emotional and psychological support through counselling that upholds Christian values and norms

• To support OVC by providing them with life skills and information pertaining to chronic illnesses

• To raise community awareness about the care of OVC

• To encourage a culture of self-sustenance and self-reliance in the community through income generating activities (IGAs)

Nature and substance of services provided to OVC

The centre provides day-care facilities for OVC, counselling and support services, as well

as outreach programmes for both the children and the community serving them

The objectives of the work undertaken are to provide:

• Basic education for those aged two to six years, focusing mainly on numeracy and literacy;

• Basic material needs such as food, clothing, shelter and recreational facilities;

• Grief therapy and counselling to OVC and household;

• School and homework support to the older OVC at school and at the centre

How the project works

The church community and the village development committee (VDC) identify OVC and refer them to the centre Every morning, the OVC are transported to the centre At the centre, they are bathed if needed, and given a uniform They are then put through a curriculum that includes play therapy, counselling through art, literacy and numeracy The centre has enrolled 51 children aged two to six years and many others who are between 6 and 18 years Of the two to six age group, ten are living with HIV/AIDS and four are on antiretroviral treatment Many of the children need grief therapy and counselling, as they may not have been told of their parent’s death before they are enrolled at the centre The children often have deep psychological issues and feel abandoned Different methods of counselling are provided, depending on the age of the children Play therapy is generally used for younger children, while older children are offered spiritual counselling Good nutrition is another of the focus areas of the programme

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The older children are provided with school fees and other education support, such as following up their progress with schoolteachers and assisting with homework The older children come to the centre at the end of the school day to do their homework and to play and interact with their peers They are offered HIV/AIDS and lifeskills education, often through camps, and continuing psychosocial and material support as needed

The counsellors, teachers, volunteers and centre mothers carry out home visits to the OVC families every month Each officer is allocated 20 families They work with issues

of overall household welfare, health status, nutritional needs, coping strategies, grief counselling and general OVC issues When they get to the houses, the officers find out about and take appropriate action on the following:

• Household welfare issues – who is taking care of the children and the quality of their accommodation;

• Health status of the children and their household This includes an assessment of the general cleanliness of the home The volunteer officers assess the general health

of the children and take any action needed, such as linking the child with available government and NGO services;

• Nutritional needs, which includes an assessment of the quality of feeding at home and whether it is sufficient and of the required nutritional standard;

• Coping strategies and grief counselling focuses mainly on assessing whether the orphan is accepting his/her caregivers and whether the child is coping with their

grief and the uncertain situation at home In Botswana the tradition is to not tell

children about the death of their parents, leaving children living with uncertainty, often blaming themselves and believing that their parents have abandoned them

Partners and their roles

The centre works closely with the church, the village committees and government departments It is supported by some local individuals and businesses The table below highlights the partner organisations and the role they play in supporting the activities of the centre

for those in dire need, ensure that children’s living conditions are conducive to healthy development and growth, and protect the rights of the children

Members of Parliament Provide political support, mobilise funds

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Partner Roles

Botswana Christian AIDS Interventions Programme (BOCAIP)

Staff development and fundraising

Ministry of Education (Pre-School Division)

Policy guidelines and provision of educational grants

UNICEF Provides technical skills and funds for psychosocial

campsGovernment and private media Information dissemination on activities of the centreTeachers and local schools Volunteer their technical skills and material supportLocal Churches Provide material support, spiritual counselling

and outreachParastatal organisations, individuals

and the business community

Donation of clothes, blankets, food

How the project is monitored

The counsellors, teachers, volunteers and centre mothers carry out home visits to the OVC families each month, as described above Supervisors provide monthly reports that are discussed with other stakeholders, mother bodies and donors and used to evaluate progress The health workers and counsellors carry out assessment, which form a basis for the identification and registration of orphans by the Social Welfare Department and also for medical referral where necessary Spot checks (unexpected visits) to the project sites are conducted by the Masiela Trust Project Manager to assess whether the funds and resources allocated are being used as intended and to evaluate work in progress

Number of OVC covered by the service directly

381 (10 tested HIV positive and 4 already on antiretroviral treatment)

Kgodisong Day Care Centre for Orphaned Children

Context of project

Kgodisong Day Care Centre operates in the historical United Congregational Church of Southern Africa (UCCSA) church of Kanye, Botswana The church used to be a residence for the London Missionary Society Kanye is the third largest village in Botswana Its HIV prevalence rate at 16% is one of the highest in the country and consequently there is a significant number of OVC With a population of 40 628, the village has around 4 000 OVC These vulnerable children have no access to basic necessities and their educational opportunities are compromised due to lack of proper care and support from parents The Kanye Congregation established Kgodisong Day Care Centre for OVC aged two to six years in July 2001

The objectives of the centre are to provide:

• Pre-school education for children aged two to six years;

• Basic needs such as food and clothing, psychosocial, emotional and spiritual support;

• A centre for community mobilisation to help OVC and their families

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This UCCSA Centre works with the VDC and the Social Welfare Department in Kanye in their different capacities as community service providers, who identify orphans

Most of the children who attend the pre-school walk to the centre and only ten are picked up by the Social Welfare Department vehicle every morning and brought to school They are served breakfast, lunch and an afternoon snack These meals are nutritious and balanced to cater for their compromised immune systems

There are three teachers who teach numeracy and literacy and double up as cooks The church provides psychosocial support, as well as spiritual counselling to improve the children’s overall wellness and confidence levels This includes bible or scripture classes, clothing and food, and games with caregivers

Partners involved and their roles

The Kgodisong Centre works closely with village committees and government departments and is supported by some local individuals The table highlights the partner organisations and the role they play in supporting the activities of the centre

for those in dire need, ensure that children’s living conditions are conducive to healthy development and growth, and protect the rights of the children

Provide educational grants

District Commissioner Advises on government policies and programmes,

offer technical skillsUCCSA Staff development; fundraisingTeachers and local schools Technical skills and material needs for OVCLocal churches Provide material support and counsellingParastatal organisations, individuals

Donations of clothes, blankets and food

The project is monitored through weekly/monthly visits and reports by the centre coordinator and Masiela Trust Fund OVC site officer The Masiela Trust Fund project manager carries out spot checks at the project sites, to assess whether the funds and resources allocated are being used as intended and to evaluate work in progress

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in the number of OVC The organisation started operating in 1998 as a Christian response

to the increasing number of OVC in the village The village has 6 500 registered OVC

The broad goal of the programme is to offer psychosocial support to OVC in the Kweneng community, with the aim of equipping them with the necessary skills and knowledge to reduce their vulnerability

The objectives of the programme are:

• To involve the Christian community in the upbringing and the welfare of OVC;

• To create a caring and supportive environment for the orphans where they can develop skills and attitudes for a healthy life and encourage them to form positive and healthy friendships with others;

• To provide the OVC and the caregivers with social, emotional, psychosocial and spiritual support through counselling;

• To cater for the basic needs of OVC

Bana Ba Keletso currently has 365 registered children with ages ranging from 2 to 18 years Children are registered regardless of how their parents died This is done to eliminate the stigma and isolation associated with HIV and AIDS

The children stay in their respective homes with their caregivers and come to the centre daily from 8am to 5pm At the centre, the children engage in different activities such

as their homework, sewing, music, football and netball They also go through scripture classes and play-therapy games that build on social and personal aspects of their personality

The centre has two day-care centre teachers, a day-care leader, a driver and seven volunteers who care for the OVC at the centre The staff also offer counselling to the children and their families and educate the community on orphan care issues

Every three months they have psychosocial camps The aim of these camps is to provide the children with an opportunity to grow healthy, boost their confidence, and help them adapt well in their environment At these camps they are taught basic lifeskills

The centre also works with the community through the village development committees and centre volunteers OVC are always on the agendas of the village committees The

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head of the center provides the committees with information on the needs of OVC Most

of the community assistance to OVC is organised through the committees and NGOs The volunteers also talk to community members who live close to OVC households to help them respond and assist

for those in dire need, ensure that children’s living conditions are conducive to healthy development and growth, protect the rights of the children

Ministry of Education (Pre School Division)

Members of Parliament Political support, mobilisation of fundsBotswana Christian AIDS

Interventions Programme (BOCAIP)

Staff development and fund raising

UNICEF Provides technical skills, funds psychosocial supportGovernment and private media Disseminate information on activities of the centreTeachers and local schools Volunteer their technical skills

Ministry of Education (Pre School Division)

Primary health clinics Provide medical check ups and referrals to specialistsLocal churches Provide material support, spiritual counselling and

reaches out into communitiesParastatal organisations, Individuals

Donation of clothes, blankets, food

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Mother’s Union Centre Mahalapye

The Mother’s Union Centre is a (Christian) faith-based organisation (FBO) established

in 2000, situated in the north of Mahalapye Mahalapye is a rural-urban village with a population of 43 000 The village is 200 kilometres north of Gaborone, the capital city of Botswana The Mother’s Union Centre provides a support system for the high number of orphans in the local community

There are 2 000 registered orphans in the Mahalapye village alone, while the Mahalapye Sub-District has 4 169 registered orphans The Mahalapye Mother’s Union Centre has 66 OVC enrolled for the pre-school programme

The centre was initially set up with the aim of reforming and counselling ex-juvenile delinquents However, following the President’s 2002 national call for a renewed focus on children, the organisation decided to broaden its scope by taking on the care and support

of OVC The Centre now provides:

• A day care centre and pre-school education to OVC aged three to six years;

• Numeracy and literacy skills;

• Material needs – food and clothing;

• Psychosocial, emotional and spiritual support;

• Support to the caregivers and extended families of the OVC

The centre works with the village development committee (VDC) and the Social Welfare Department in Mahalapye in their different capacities as community service providers, who identify orphans

The children who attend the pre-school are transported to and from the centre by the centre’s 16-seater vehicle They are served breakfast, lunch, dinner and two snacks The children have two teachers, who teach mainly numeracy and literacy

The centre has a vegetable garden, which sells vegetables to the public in order to sustain itself by generating small income The garden is maintained the centre’s gardener Every Friday, the children are each given a bundle of vegetables, such as spinach or cabbage,

to ensure that they are fed during the weekend when they are not at school

The Mother’s Union Centre works closely with some village committees and government departments, and is supported by some local individuals The table highlights the partner organisations and the role they play in supporting the activities of the centre

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Partner Roles

Management committee Advise, design and monitor the programmeVillage development committee (VDC) Identify orphans

Department of Social Welfare Identify and register orphans, provide food baskets

for those in dire need, ensure that children’s living conditions are conducive to healthy development and growth, protect the rights of the children Anglican Church (Mother’s Union) Staff development and fund raising

Members of Parliament Political support and resource mobilisationVillage extension teams Volunteer technical skills and provide for some

material needsParastatal organisations, individuals

Donations of clothes, blankets, food

in the larger villages account for some employment, but the major source of income for most people is from subsistence arable farming, as well as cattle and small stock farming

HIV prevalence in the district is 18.2% and, given the size of the village, the community has significant numbers of OVC

Established in 1999, Little Friends Centre is a (Christian) FBO operating under the umbrella of the society of St Vincent De Paul Mission of Serowe

The centre provides the following OVC-specific services:

• Pre-school education for children aged two to six years – mainly literacy and numeracy;

• Material needs such as daily food, clothing and other basic needs;

• Psychosocial, emotional and spiritual support;

• Support to the caregivers and extended families of the OVC

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The centre works with the VDC, the Social Welfare Department and the church in Serowe These stakeholders, in their different capacities as community service providers, identify the orphans and refer them to the centre

The children who attend the pre-school are picked up by the Centre’s 16-seater vehicle every morning and brought to school They are served breakfast, lunch, and afternoon snack These meals are nutritious and balanced to help support their already compromised immune systems

At school, the children have one teacher who teaches them numeracy and literacy The church provides spiritual support to the children Currently lifeskills education is not part

of the curriculum

The Little Friends Centre works closely with village committees and government departments, and is supported by some local individuals The table highlights the partner organisations and the role they play in supporting the activities of the centre

Division)

Roman Catholic Church Staff development and fundraisingVillage extension teams Volunteer their technical skills Parastatal organisations, individuals

Donations of clothes, blankets, food

51 orphans (the majority are living with HIV and 14 are on antiretroviral treatment)

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CHAPTER 3

South Africa

The HSRC works with the Nelson Mandela Children’s Fund (NMCF) as the local grant maker in South Africa The NMCF is a national children’s rights development agency that aims to change the way communities and society treat their children and youth The

fund was set up in response to the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child The fund

champions the right of children to a happy, healthy, informed and secure childhood and does most of its work through CBOs, which it funds

The NMCF has selected two intervention sites to participate in this project Their geographic location is as shown in Figure 2 The following section outlines key information about each intervention site, and describes the substance of the work done in each site in Focus Area 1

Figure 2: Geographical location of the four intervention sites in South Africa

Matjhabeng HIV/AIDS Consortium

The Matjhabeng HIV/AIDS Consortium is the coordinating body for a total of 14 NGOs and CBOs based in the Welkom and Virginia areas, and providing services in the Matjhabeng local municipality The municipality’s economy depends mainly on mining and a few other industries that support mining The mining sector is sustained largely by the migrant labour system, which, by its nature, encourages the formation of alternative

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households and short-term sexual encounters, including those with commercial sex workers The migrant labour system further encourages the formation of informal settlements because partners leave their traditional homes to live nearer to workplaces This has contributed to high HIV prevalence levels in the area and high numbers of OVC because of deaths of parents

The consortium started in 2000 as a government initiative to consolidate services to children in the area The projects that provide OVC-specific services are: Child Welfare SA (Virginia), Ondersteunings Raad, Oranje Vroue Vereeniging (OVV), St Kizito, Lifeline (FS), South African Congress of Early Childhood, Virginia Women’s Network, Virginia Multi-Purpose Centre, Dunamis School Trust, Youth Care Centre, Kerklik Maatskaplike Diens (KMD), FAMSA, and YWCA Most of these organisations started as community initiatives with community leadership and then applied to the consortium for financial assistance

The objectives of these organisations are to:

• Provide care and support;

• Increase access to schooling, nutrition, health care and legal documentation;

• Increase access to safe homes and safe living environments

All the organisations work through a combination of full-time staff and volunteers The community launched a community mobilisation campaign to raise awareness of the plight of OVC and what the role of the community should be As a result of this campaign, home-based caregivers, teachers, community leaders and priests are among those who have played an active role in identifying OVC Every organisation uses its own constituency to identify children The churches use congregations, while Dunamis School Trust engages schools in the area to identify children These are children who come to school hungry, or those who the community knows have lost a parent

Once the children are identified, a questionnaire is used to determine their needs and a support plan is developed This includes placing them in free day-care centres, providing them with school uniforms and ensuring that they are in school, assisting with their application for child welfare grants and food parcels, ensuring that they have access to health care and assisting with obtaining legal documentation such as birth certificates The Matjhabeng community has a strong foster-care programme run by an NGO called Child Welfare The programme works with potential foster-care parents who are identified

in two main ways: firstly, families and individuals that are left with orphaned children approach the organisation for help, and secondly, the NGO makes appeals to churches and community meetings for assistance with caring for OVC The organisation then screens the applicants for their suitability as parents, their love and care for children, hygiene, home conditions and whether the sleeping conditions would be appropriate and private for the child

Once the applicants have passed the initial screening, the organisation provides training

on what foster care means, parenting skills, children’s rights, as well as the legislation applicable to foster parenting The organisation assists potential foster parents to get all the legal documents required by the court Their social workers complete court reports according to the requirements of the Child Care Act and accompany prospective foster

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Once the parents become legal foster parents, the organisation assists them in applying for the government’s foster-care grant The organisation also supervises and checks on the welfare and living conditions of the children until they reach the age of 18 At the end of each two-year period the situation is reviewed and it is compulsory for the social worker

to give a report to the local authority at the time of each review The social worker may intervene at any time should the need arise

For youth, a special programme on HIV/AIDS and lifeskills education, training on sports and drama as well as lessons on music and musical instruments is in place

Partners providing support to the project and their roles

Department of Education Advise and inform communities on orphans

registered and programmes available Christian leaders Mobilise for material and spiritual supportLocal consultant Provides political support

Community – churches, schools, etc Identify orphans, provide care and support

of OVC and carers

The project is monitored through monthly visits and reports by the OVC site manager, as well as quarterly visits and reports by the Nelson Mandela Children’s Fund

Number of direct beneficiaries

4 401

Tapologo

The project is located in an area that is primarily to the north of Rustenburg and south

of the Pilanesberg The area incorporates rural and tribal villages, suburban areas of Rustenburg and the burgeoning informal settlements within the area The project is located within the Rustenburg District municipality of the North West Province, an area rich in mineral resources with a number of platinum and other precious metal mines

The Tapologo OVC programme focuses on two areas, an informal settlement or squatter camp called Freedom Park, and a combination of an informal settlement and recently built low-cost houses, known as reconciliation and development programme (RDP) houses The programme was initiated in 1993, under the auspices of the Catholic Diocese

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of Rustenburg Its initial focus was to provide people living with and affected by HIV and AIDS with the care and support they require The support provided includes home visits, spiritual well-being support groups, HIV/AIDS education, HIV voluntary testing and counselling, and antiretroviral treatment This project is ongoing.

However, because of the growing number of OVC in this area, the project has broadened its focus to address the issues of children and youth

The objective of the programme is to strengthen communities to provide:

• Home-based care and support for child- and/or grandmother-headed households;

• Improved access to basic services (i.e day-care facilities, water, electricity, education, health, grants, etc.);

• Community empowerment programmes to assist with the development of OVC;

• Increased awareness to create a supportive environment for children affected by HIV/AIDS and to work with government to protect and provide for the OVC

The project is located within a large multipurpose centre situated within the informal settlements as outlined above The multipurpose centre includes a school, a clinic and

a facility for adult education The OVC are identified by the community and by the teachers The community and the teachers are in touch with children and know whose parents have died and who are hungry and needy

Older OVC are enrolled into an abstinence-based lifeskills programme run by an organisation called Neo Birth The programme is accredited by the Department of Education and consists of a series of lectures, focusing on the following topics:

• Character, self-knowledge, acceptance and self-esteem;

• Choices;

• Differences between sexes;

• Development during adolescence;

• Sexuality, sex and relationships, sexual abuse, incest and rape;

• Substance abuse, sexually transmitted diseases, HIV/AIDS;

• Human reproduction, development, pregnancy and alternatives

These lectures equip the students with the knowledge and skills they need to manage their own lives

Catholic Diocese of Rustenburg Manage the overall programmeHeartbeat Leads the OVC strategy of the programmeDeloitte and Touche Provide the finance director

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Chapter 3

Anglo Gold, Anglo American, Anglovaal, Goldfields and Impala Platinum mines Cebemo – a Catholic organisation in the Netherlands

Irish Aid organisation

Provide funding, build the capacity of staff on various areas

Van Velden-Duffey attorneys Provide legal assistance and advice Boitekong Education Forum Manage the education component of the

community collegeRustenburg District Municipality Donated the land on which the

community college is built

A social worker has been appointed to manage and coordinate the OVC programme She coordinates and undertakes the following functions:

• Manage and monitor the social workers, OVC caregivers and foster parents;

• Ensure efficient coordination of counselling and training programmes;

• Liaise with other programme elements (i.e the daycare center, outreach caregivers, clinics, schools, etc.);

• Manage the records and database for OVC;

• Liaise with community structures;

• Establish and maintain the social support system for the foster parents and OVC

A child care coordinator (CCC) works at each site Functions include:

• Monitoring, evaluating and undertaking all statutory work;

• Grant applications and coordinate the training of the child care workers (CCW), foster parents, extended families and other community-based initiatives

The project has child caregivers (CCG) who cover the areas of operation and assist the social worker in identifying possible OVC cases and acting as a support system to families and children Each caregiver monitors approximately 15 families

Number of direct beneficiaries

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CHAPTER 4

Zimbabwe

The HSRC works with the Family AIDS Caring Trust (FACT) as the local grant maker in Zimbabwe The organisation was established in 1987 as a community-based Christian AIDS service organisation, based in Mutare Since then, the organisation has grown to become one of the leading NGOs in the country, with some of the most progressive OVC responses The organisation’s programmes are delivered by local CBOs, using volunteers recruited mainly through local churches

FACT has selected eight intervention sites to participate in this project – Chimanimani, Mutare Urban, Mutasa, Nyanga, Bindura-Mazowe, Chinhoyi, Shurugwi and

Bulilimamangwe Their geographic location is as shown in Figure 3 The section below outlines key information about each intervention site and describes the substance of the work done in each site within this focus area

Figure 3: Geographical location of intervention sites in Zimbabwe

Bulilimamangwe

Midlands Chinhoyi

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Family AIDS Caring Trust (FACT) Nyanga

FACT Nyanga is situated in Nyanga district of Manicaland province in Zimbabwe, close

to the Mozambican border It is a CBO established in 1996 to support communities in initiating and strengthening HIV prevention and AIDS care activities The impact of the HIV and AIDS epidemic in the community is significant, and the community has organised itself to find ways of responding to this challenge

Following an enumeration exercise carried out by FACT and the Department of Social Welfare in 2000, 11 811 orphans were identified in the area Of these, 20% were living

in child-headed households The enumeration and vulnerability assessment exercise2

identified the needs of these children and led to the following core objectives of the organisation:

• To cater for the OVC’s critical material needs such as school fees, food and clothing;

• To offer basic counselling to OVC to enable them to deal with loss of parent(s);

• To equip OVC with lifeskills that would help reduce their vulnerability;

• To train OVC in basic counselling skills to enable them to participate in peer education;

• To provide for the health needs of the OVC

The project works through volunteer care givers (VCGs), who are mainly women and are drawn from the community Their responsibilities include identifying orphans through the use of the vulnerability assessment tool; conducting home visits for orphans and offering psychosocial support, particularly to child-headed households

The psychosocial support includes: interacting with the children and listening to them; providing counselling and mentorship; helping with household chores; assisting them with homework; organising them to go on school and other youth camps; creating

an environment where the OVC can play with others; making them feel part of the community by attending important occasions such as school graduations, church, weddings, funerals and other important dates with them, as well as mobilising the entire community to assist OVC The VCG are organised in clusters of, on average, 15 villages The OVC meet with other youth every Saturday at the local school grounds to participate

in or watch sporting activities such as volleyball, soccer and netball These activities provide an ideal environment for general discussion of issues pertaining to OVC and youth in general The sport gatherings involve all youth, irrespective of their orphan or vulnerability status After the games, the project officer and other local experts such as health technicians and nurses, bring everyone together to hold discussions on adolescent issues such as delinquency, substance abuse, sexual abuse and children’s rights

A selected number of OVC go to Masiye camp every year for about a week and interact with OVC from different sites At the camp, they are taught lifeskills to reduce their vulnerability and enable them to manage their lives They share experiences among themselves, as well as with the project coordinators from various OVC projects

2 The Vulnerability Assessment Tool, developed by FACT, Zimbabwe was used See Appendix 1 for more information.

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This process helps the coordinators to identify their psychosocial and developmental needs In addition to lifeskills, they are taught vocational skills such as sewing, beekeeping, gardening and carpentry.

The OVC are asked to write ‘reflections’ reports at the end of the camp, which the project officers use to further consolidate development plans for the OVC Other workshops are held within the clusters twice a year to equip OVC who are trained to become peer educators with basic counselling skills In addition to these, FACT Nyanga and community members run workshops in collaboration with the health sector, social welfare, VCGs and teachers These are to inform the OVC of their rights and the services available to them from all the sectors represented

FACT Nyanga achieves most of its objectives in partnership with other organisations and individuals This table gives the partner organisations and the role they play in supporting the activities

medication, transport and provides uniforms Individuals Donations of clothes, blankets and other basic needsDepartment of Social Welfare Assist with legal measures on child abuse

Zimbabwe Republic Police (ZRP) Public Relations wing

Legal issues, particularly children’s rights and child abuse

AREX Offers agricultural technical assistance

Ministry of Health (EHT, nurses) Education on health issues Local schools Provide land for gardening for the OVC

The project is monitored through cluster monitoring visits that are conducted once a month These monitor the progress of specific components of the project such as IGAsand nutrition gardens In addition, spot checks (unexpected visits) are conducted by the project officers to assess whether allocated resources are being appropriately utilised

Number of OVC covered by the service

3 800 orphans are directly covered and 1 700 OVC are indirectly covered by the service

DAPP Kukwanisa, Mutasa

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the Mozambican border The district has a population of about 150 000 people who are mainly communal farmers Child Aid Kukwanisa has been working in Mutasa district since 1993

Child Aid Kukwanisa is a broad-based community project that aims to mobilise communities to take action to improve their own situation for the betterment of the child It was initiated by the community and has been running since June 2003 The project works with children, families and communities to improve the children’s living conditions and create opportunities for the children to develop and realise their full potential With the increasing numbers of OVC in the community, this has become a major focus of the NGO

The nature of the interventions were determined by the community’s realisation that most children were not attending school; that there was an increase in abuse cases; that youth were not taking responsibility for their lives and that more and more families were struggling to put food on the table In addition, many of the families lacked the knowledge and capacity to help themselves and the OVC This led the organisation to focus on the following objectives:

• Providing early childhood education to the OVC;

• Increasing access to education for older OVC

The services provided include HIV and AIDS education, youth clubs, pre-school education, youth education, psychosocial support, and food security education

The local school heads play a key role in identifying the OVC who have difficulties with school fees and other school requirements They are referred to the organisation for assistance with all school requirements such as uniform, school fees, stationery and books Those aged between three and seven years are enrolled into pre-school They receive daily lessons and follow the Zimbabwe school calendar

The organisation provides nutrition education and psychosocial support to all OVC through their trained volunteers This includes interacting with the children and listening

to them; providing counselling and mentorship; helping with household chores;

assisting them with homework; organising for them to go on school and other youth camps; creating an environment for them to play with others; making them feel part of the community by attending important occasions such as school graduations, church, weddings, funerals and other important dates with them, as well as mobilising the entire community to assist the OVC

The craft centre attached to the school teaches creativity skills to all children enrolled in the school

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Partners Roles

CIMMYT Give information and train families on maize seed

productionHabitat for Humanity Facilitate the provision of decent accommodation

for OVCGTZ (German Agency for Technical

Training preschool teachers

The project officer visits the pre-school regularly to monitor progress and meets monthly with local leaders to discuss the progress and agree on future activities In addition, the pre-school teachers submit term reports to the project officer on the performance of OVC

Furthermore, the project staff visits the OVC and their guardians monthly to assess the welfare of the pair and provide whatever assistance may be required

4 952 are directly covered and 6 474 are indirectly covered by the service

Nzeve Deaf Children’s Centre

Nzeve, meaning ‘to hear’ or to ‘listen’, is in the city of Mutare in Manicaland province

It was established in 2000 as a unique project for hearing-impaired children and their families The project supports the work done by rehabilitation departments in the province and works closely with resource rooms for hearing-impaired children run by the Ministry of Education in ordinary schools The project also works in collaboration with the Sanganai Deaf Club, which is an income generating and training project for hearing-impaired adults

Fifteen children were enrolled in 2000 By 2004, enrolment had increased to 34 children, who attend the centre regularly Twenty children graduated from Nzeve in 2000–2003

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The project focuses on deaf children who are orphaned The objectives of the project are to:

• To provide appropriate pre-school education for young hearing-impaired children;

• To provide testing for hearing and fitting of hearing aids;

• To document progress of children;

• To run IGPs for hearing-impaired youths and adults

The project employs experienced hearing-impaired teachers The hearing-impaired children who are not able to attend special schools are identified by the community leadership, assessed by a trained nurse and then enrolled at the centre They attend daily pre-school lessons taught in sign language The centre provides and fits hearing aids to those who need them

Medical assistance is offered through an established medical fund that pays for drugs and doctors’ visits This fund is for hearing-impaired children attending pre-school at the centre, as well as other hearing-impaired children, teenagers and adults with special needs Feeding and nutrition education complement the medical assistance provided Children are fed every day, while nutrition education lessons take place weekly

The hearing-impaired youths are involved in vocational skills training and IGAs such

as vegetable gardens, tie and dye, soap making, envelope making, carpentry, and making floor polish and knitting The youths entertain people every Saturday at Nandos Restaurant (for example, clowning, balloon making) and earn an income through these activities

Parents of the Deaf Daily living and support (moral, psychosocial

and material) of hearing-impaired childrenSanganai Deaf Club Provides disabled deaf role models and

leadership for youthsSWEDISH Organisation Financial support in the form of grants

Individuals Private donation and gifts

Records of pre-school children’s language development are kept by the teachers and submitted monthly to the coordinator for reviewing

160 OVC are directly covered and 286 are indirectly covered by the service

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Intermediate Technology Development Group (ITDG), Chimanimani

Intermediate Technology Development Group (ITDG) is a regional technology and development organisation that was established in 1989 with a focus of strengthening the capacity of small producer communities to manage and organise their productive activities The organisation provides technological options that are relevant and appropriate to the needs of small-scale producers and consumers ITDG is running a project called Chimanimani Based Orphan Care The project is based in the Chimanimani district of Manicaland province in Zimbabwe and initiated by the community from Chakohwa, Rusitu and Shinja wards in response to the growing problem of orphaned children in the district It is operating in four wards – Changazi, Chayamiti, Manyuseni and Chikukwa

The approach to orphan care is anchored in a sustainable development framework that places great emphasis on enhancing the institutional capacity of affected communities

to ensure that they adequately deliver efficient, long-term service This is done through different activities that include:

• Awareness creation workshops;

• Foster parent training and development;

• Orphan training and development;

• Self-sustaining initiatives;

• Community organisation development

The main objectives of the project are:

• To equip OVC with life and vocational skills;

• To facilitate OVC access to education;

• To decentralise the provision of psychosocial support services to ensure that they are more accessible to OVC

The ITDG identifies OVC who cannot pay school fees and facilitates the payment of the school fees by other organisations OVC are identified by the community leaders

as well as by teachers who have contact with the children They go through intensive skills-training workshops to help them to effectively take care of themselves The training ranges from developmental skills such as mending their own clothes, learning to cook, hygiene and cleanliness, art and craft, fruit buying and selling, nutritional gardening, goat rearing and soap making In addition, the Yambiro Drama – consisting of orphans – has been equipped with various theatre skills with the support of Chimanimani Arts Festival

These include raising suspense, stage management, miming and gesturing The group has had some remarkable successes

All OVC, especially those who are out of school, go through a training programme

to deal with areas such as project identification, proposal writing, self-help principles, training for transformation, networking and local linkages, leadership, communication and report writing, local fundraising and resource mobilisation, as well as financial management and organisational development of grassroots structures These skills increase their chances of obtaining employment

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There have been several community attempts to start up income-generating projects that could assist OVC Projects involving soap making have been unsuccessful because of lack

of tallow – an ingredient required for the manufacture of soap – and water

Organisation Roles

FACT Training of volunteers in care giving, counselling and

home-based careMasiye Camp Training in psychosocial support, lifeskills, counsellingOutward Bound Lifeskills training and entrepreneurial skills

development for Children Affected by AIDS (CABA)Youth Alive Lifeskills training

CONNECT Training in systems counsellingTSURO Training in nutritional gardening and natural resources

managementAfrica University Provision of mushroom spawn, training in mushroom cultivationBiotechnology Trust Provision of mushroom spawn, training in mushroom cultivationAREX Agricultural extension services in food security initiativesDepartment of Veterinary

Services

Extension advice on animal husbandry

Child Welfare Forum Information sharing, advocacy and the collection of baseline

informationMinistry of Health Nutrition and health education, provision of health services, and

supplementary feeding for the under fivesDistrict AIDS Action

Committee

Disbursement of funds, information sharing, awareness raising, training on home-based care and support for vocational skills training

Department of Social Welfare

Policy guidelines and information sharing and advocacyRegistration of private voluntary organisations

Red Cross Health education, personal hygiene and sanitation, training on

home-based care and supplementary feeding for the under 5sLEARN Leadership and business skills training for the youth

ONE UP Business Trust Business mentoring and provides a technical backup of services

to the project beneficiariesZimbabwe Association of

Community Theatre

Training in community theatre

The project staff conduct regular monitoring visits and speak to the OVC to find out about their progress They then write reports

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300 OVC (10 of whom are heads of households)

Tjinyunyi Babili Trust

Tjinyunyi Babili Trust operates from the Matabeleland South Province as a community initiated project It strives to establish a model for the reduction of rural poverty through economic empowerment and mobilisation of targeted communities It was formed after the termination of the Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP) in August 2003

to provide strategic guidance to on-going projects and to increase community ownership

of the development processes The members of the trust were previously members of the IRDP committee that was responsible for the mobilisation of communities and monitoring the implementation of the programme

The trust represents communities from the eight wards that participated in the IRDP The eight wards are: Masendu, Huwana, Dombolefu, Natane, Somnene, Mphoengs, Izimnyama Communal, and Izimnyama Small Scale Farming area The wards where the Kellogg Foundation are funding the OVC projects are: Huwana, Izimnyama Communal, and Izimnyama Small Scale Farming Area, Madabe, Figtree and Bambadzi

The overall objective of the trust is to reduce rural poverty, particularly among women and the youth

The objectives specific to OVC include:

• Increasing access to education and responding to the material needs of OVC;

• Helping community structures to support and care for OVC;

• Helping OVC to be self-reliant;

• Helping OVC to reduce their vulnerability;

• Advocating for the rights and welfare of children in distress

The project identifies OVC with the assistance of the community leadership, which consist mainly of village action AIDS committees and the child welfare committees (CWC) The CWC comprises representatives from traditional leaders, youths, home-based care, healers, churches and government ministries such as health, education and social development

At school, the teachers and headmasters identify those orphaned and in need and forward the names to the trust A register indicating the families of the OVC as well as the problems faced by OVC is kept This is used to dispatch services to OVC and to keep track of progress

As part of its objective of increasing access to education, the trust pays school fees for all registered OVC who need this service, giving priority to those who are not receiving any assistance from any other organisation or individual In addition, the trust and its partners train two volunteer teachers (one man and one women) per school on basic counselling and identifying the needs of OVC Some of the topics that are covered during the training of OVC teachers are data collection, planning, how to identify and solve problems faced by the OVC (counselling, fees, food, uniforms, books, heading families),

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basic counselling, how to develop a plan and bring in the right partners to assist, how

to set up discussions and so forth Since the needs of girls and boys are different, the female and male teachers are there to respond to their different needs The teachers are encouraged to discuss boys and girls reproductive health issues in separate groups to encourage full participation of all children

The OVC teachers work in conjunction with OVC coordinators from the trust to mobilise other teaching staff and sensitise the community to OVC issues This ensures that other teachers work with the OVC teachers to assist OVC

The OVC attend camps such as Isandlasothando (meaning ‘Hand of love’) where they

are taught lifeskills which include how to cope with losing parents, who to consult when needing assistance, how to choose friends, spending time with a boy/girlfriend, and menstruation stages (hygiene) for the girls In addition, the trust works with Junior Achievement in Zimbabwe (JAZ) in training OVC in lifeskills The training is offered to OVC whether or not they are at school Those in school are taught business basics Those not in school are equipped with skills for income generating projects

The trust, together with the CWC and the schools, mobilises different financial, material and in-kind resources from the community The schools take on fundraising activities (drama, talent shows, video shows, civvies days) and 30% of the proceeds go towards helping the OVC at the school Substantial amounts of money have been collected this way and have helped to deal with some of the basic needs that may not be covered by donor funds The schools keep up-to-date registers of who is being supported by who to avoid duplicating assistance

Partners Roles

UNICEF Information dissemination on child rights,

water and sanitationBulilima Mangwe Business Development

Trust (BBDT)

Business training and provision of irrigation kits

drip-Junior Achievements Zimbabwe (JAZ) Educates young people on business,

economics and free enterprise (skills development and training in business)Students Partnership Worldwide (SPW) Lifeskills training

Business community Offer television screen and video equipment,

donate in cash and kind to OVCIndividuals Donations (e.g videotapes to school, school

stationery, clothes, etc.)Matabeleland AIDS Council (MAC) HIV/AIDS awareness and voluntary counselling

and testing servicesDistrict AIDS Action Committee (DAAC) Coordination of HIV/AIDS awareness and

Tiêu đề	The WK Kellogg Foundation's Orphans and Vulnerable Children Project PPTX
Người hướng dẫn	Kgobati Magome
Trường học	Human Sciences Research Council (HSRC)
Chuyên ngành	Child Development, HIV/AIDS Interventions
Thể loại	report
Năm xuất bản	2006
Thành phố	Cape Town

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Số trang	96
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