in modified Fontan procedure, 1304
nutrition and, 1498t, 1501
superior cavopulmonary connection, 1299
CICU, Cardiac intensive care unit
Cine images, 321
Cine phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging flow quantification, 112 , 113f– 114f
Cineangiography, 243
Circulating biomarkers, for endothelial function, 1368–1369
Circulation
control of, 1357–1359
humoral, 1357–1358
local, 1357
neural, 1358–1359
embryonic, 83, 84f
fetoplacental, 85–87
aortic isthmus in, 87 , 87f
arterial duct in, 87
oval foramen in, 87
placenta in, 85–86 , 86f
venous duct in, 86–87 , 86f
healthy, cardiopulmonary interactions in, 1182, 1182f
preterm, monitoring of, 194–195, 195f
transitioning, 189
in transposition of the great arteries
determinants of systemic arterial oxygenation and mixing and, 681
physiology of, 680–681
Circulatory arrest, hypothermic, deep, in cardiopulmonary bypass, 230–231
Circulatory collapse, in prematurity, 200–204
etiology of, 200, 201t
therapeutic approach to, 201–204, 202f–203f, 202t–203t
Circulatory failure, acute, 1179–1191
background of, 1179–1180
Trang 2clinical manifestations of, 1180, 1180t
diagnosis of, 1180–1181
early recognition of, 1181
epidemiology of, 1179
investigation of, 1181
laboratory studies of, 1181
management of, 1181–1182
monitoring of, 1181
near-infrared spectroscopy in, 1181
pathophysiology of, 1179–1180
pulmonary artery catheterization in, 1181
pulse index continuous cardiac output in, 1181
temporary extracorporeal life support for, 1185–1191
therapeutic targets for, 1182
therapeutic tools for, 1182
ventilation for, 1182–1183
Circulatory maldistribution, 1265
Circumflex retroesophageal aortic arch, 880–882 , 885f
surgical techniques for, 895–896, 896f–897f
Clearance, 1429
Clinical care pathways supporting care, of children and young people with congenital heart disease, 1481–1485 , 1482f , 1484f
barriers and challenges, 1483
defining, 1481
development and implementation, 1481–1483, 1482f
safety, quality, and effectiveness, 1483
Clinical nurse specialist, multiple roles of, 1488 , 1489f
Clinical relevance, statistical significance versus, 413
Clinical trials, randomized, 418
Clopidogrel, 1436
Cloud computing, telemedicine in pediatric cardiology and, 1558–1559
Trang 3CMR, Cardiac magnetic resonance
Coarctation of aorta, 843–864
associated lesions in infancy with, management of, 858–862
balloon and stent angioplasty and, 859–861 , 860f–861f
hypoplastic aortic arch segment for, 858–859 , 859f
ventricular septal defect in, 859
course and prognosis of, 855
early complications of, 862
exercise testing in, 401
historical considerations in, 843, 844f
hypertension and, 1135–1136
interventional techniques for, 269–271
balloon angioplasty and, 269–270 , 270f
stent implantation and, 270–271 , 271f
investigations of, 851–855
cardiac catheterization and angiography for, 855
chest radiography for, 851–852 , 852f
computed tomography angiography for, 854–855
echocardiography for, 852–854 , 852f–854f
fetal, 855
electrocardiography for, 852
late complications of, 862–864
aneurysm, 863
hypertension, 862–863
other long-term effects in, 863–864
recoarctation, 863
magnetic resonance imaging for, 854–855
management of, 855–857
stabilization of neonates and infants, 855–856
timing of repair, 856–857
morphology of, 844–855, 845f
of associated malformations, 847–849 , 848f
of collateral circulation, 849 , 849f
morphogenesis and, 850 , 850f
obstructive lesions in, 845–847 , 846f–847f
secondary pathology and, 849–850
physical findings of
in neonates and infants, 851
in older children and adults, 851
in pregnancy, 1445