One explanation for green icebergs attributes their colour to an optical illusion when blueice is illuminated by a near-horizon red Sun, but green icebergs stand out among white andblue
Trang 1(Proficiency Test Builder 4 th )
1 Brigid says that she consulted a life coach because
A she had read a great deal about them
B both her work and home life were getting worse
C other efforts to improve her life had failed
D the changes she wanted to make were only small ones
2 What did Brigid's coach tell her about money?
A It would be very easy for Brigid to get a lot of it
B Brigid's attitude towards it was uncharacteristic of her
C Brigid placed too much emphasis on it in her life
D Few people have the right attitude towards it
3 What does Brigid say about her reaction to her coach's advice on money?
A She felt silly repeating the words her coach gave her
B She tried to hide the fact that she found it ridiculous
C She felt a lot better as a result of following it
D She found it difficult to understand at first
4 What does Brigid say happened during the other sessions?
A She was told that most people's problems had the same cause
B Her powers of concentration improved
C Some things she was told to do proved harder than others
D She began to wonder why her problems had arisen in the first place
5 What has Brigid concluded ?
Trang 2A The benefits of coaching do not compensate for the effort required
B She was too unselfish before she had coaching
C She came to expect too much of her coach
D It is best to limit the number of coaching sessions you have
Your answers
Part 2 Listen to a talk about ethical concerns with artificial intelligence and decide whether these statements are True (T), False (F) Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided
(10 pts)- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1LyacmzB1Og
1 People tend to be oblivious to the moral issues associated with artificial intelligence inthe research stage
2 Video tracking can be deployed to speed up recovery from injuries
3 A handful of giants have become the dominant overlords in the realm of artificialintelligence
4 Artificial intelligence is intended to harm human society as it does not share humanvalues
5 Machines are vulnerable to biases from the data introduced by their human makers
Your answers
Part 3 Listen to a talk about pandemic diseases and supply the blanks with the missing information Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS taken from the recording for each answer in the space provided (20 pts)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nULJpyBbqpw
Trang 3TOP 5 DEADLIEST PANDEMIC DISEASES
1 Smallpox
• first emerged around 400BC
• caused 1. all over the body
• the only disease declared to be 2.
2 Bubonic Plague
• also known as the 3.
• caused by a bacterium spread by 4.
• 5. , called buboes, occurred in the body
3 The Spanish Flu
• began and ended in a 6.
• filled the lungs of patients with 7.
4 Malaria
• categorized as a blood disease
• caused by 8.
• Anopheles mosquitoes would 9. infected blood and pass
it on to the next person they bite
5 HIV/AIDS
• often sexually transmitted
• HIV 10. the immune system
Part 4 Listen to the introduction about Manham Port and answer the questions Write
NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer (10pts)-
IELTS 10- Listening Test 4
1 What caused Manham’s sudden expansion during the Industrial Revolution?
Trang 45 What is the name of the beautiful old sailing ketch near the school?
………
Your answers
B LEXICO AND GRAMMAR (30 pts)
Part 1: Choose the best answer to each of the following questions Write your answers
in the corresponding numbered boxes (20 pts) (WORD PERFECT + OLYMPIC 30-4)
1 The science teacher asked the class to _ the results of their experiment on a graph
2 She's such a of strength that everyone relies on her in a crisis
3 Tom was able to a pretty picture of the situation and impressed his manager
4 It is far too easy to lay the blame on the shoulders of the management
5 David has a(n) to fainting at the sight of blood
A inclination B predilection C predisposition D penchant
6 The school committee paid to their famous former pupil by naming the newgym after her
7 After his long illness, the old man appeared so thin and that a gust of windmight have blown him away
8 You could tell that she wasn't happy about the news by the way she her face in disapproval
9 Going to the unemployment office and having to wait there for hours is a experience
A soul-destroying B heart-stopping C power-sharing D thought-provoking
10 a language family is a group of languages with a common origin and similar
Trang 5vocabulary, grammar, and sound systems.
11 , the balcony chairs will be ruined in this weather
12 The contemporary dialogue for me struck a slightly _ note
A disembodied B discordant C dismissive D disconcerting
13 Both of the jobs I’ve been offered are fantastic opportunities – I’m in such _!
A a constituency B a deviation C an arrhythmia D a quandary
14 Sharon is such a positive person – she _ her problems, whatever they are
A goes light on B throws light to C makes light of D sheds light upon
15 The brother and sister were over who would get to inherit the beach house
A at large B at odds C at a standstill D at a loose end
16 that Kim was getting married, we were sorry she’d be leaving home
A Delighted though we were B As we were delighted
C However delighted were we D As we were so delighted
17 Peter’s so ! I think he’d think things through a little more carefully
A impulsive B repulsive C compulsive D expulsive
18 I’ve yet a person as Theo
A to meet as infuriating B to have met such infuriating
C been meeting as infuriating D been meeting such infuriating
19 Sniffer dogs are able to locate survivors beneath the rubble with
A precision B correctness C meticulousness D exactitude
20 The locks to the doors of the building are controlled
Part 2: Supply the correct form of the word provided in blankets in each sentence (10 pts)
1-2 Complaining consists of (SOCIAL) _ moaning and groaning which leads to
(TRUST) _ and unnecessary arguments within relationships
3 Thanks to plentiful fish, none of the islanders suffer from (NUTRIENT) _
Trang 64 I was at a difficult point of my life when I felt (ILLUSION) _ by both work and home life
5 I talked to various friends, most of whom soon got tired of my (WHIMSY) _
rambling and indecisiveness
6 It is estimated that between three to five million Britons suffer from such phobias, and themajority of these people do not (GO) _ form of treatment
7 Men are less likely to suffer from such fears than women, but attempts by either men or women simply to (REGARD) _them can exacerbate the problem
8 Behavioral therapy is decidedly a safe and lasting (ALTERNATE) to drugtreatment
9 What contributes to her business success is that she always (WIT) her opponent
10 Many streets in Hanoi were flooded and (PASS) after it had rained for 2 hours
on end
C READING (60 pts)
Part 1: Read the text below and think of one word which best fits each space Use only ONE WORD for each space Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes (15 pts) – Toward proficiency
SEASON AND BABY SIZE
People born in certain months of the year tend to be taller than those born in others.This discovery was (1) in a recent study carried out at the DanishEpidemiology Science Centre in Copenhagen
The researchers looked at the height and weight details (2) birth of over amillion Danes born in the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s, and found that a child born in April is,
on average, nearly two centimeters taller than one born in December As (3) asbeing taller, the April baby is also likely to be heavier, and the odds (4) that he
or she will remain bigger throughout life
The study also shows that (5) children born in December tend to be thesmallest, the size of those born in June and July is also well below (6) of theApril babies In these two midsummer months, however, the difference in height and weight
is only half as much as in midwinter
Trang 7Similar results (7) these emerged from a separate study in Australia.There they found that by the time children reached 18, the gap between the April and theDecember ones had increased to about five centimeters.
Another seasonal variation that (8) to light concerned actual birth dates.Winter babies, it was discovered, were born an average of one day earlier than spring,summer or autumn babies
In (9) of these studies were scientists able to explain these differences
In both cases they called (10) further research into the subject
Your answers:
Part 2 For questions 1-10, read an extract from an article and choose the answer A, B,
C or D that fits best according to the text Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes provided (10 pts)- Toefl IBT Practice Test 2
Green Iceberg Icebergs are massive blocks of ice, irregular in shape; they float with onlyabout 12 per cent of their mass above the sea surface They are formed by glaciers—largerivers of ice that begin inland in the snows of Greenland, Antarctica, and Alaska—and moveslowly toward the sea The forward movement, the melting at the base of the glacier where
it meets the ocean, and waves and tidal action cause blocks of ice to break off and float out
to sea
Icebergs are ordinarily blue to white, although they sometimes appear dark or opaquebecause they carry gravel and bits of rock They may change colour with changing lightconditions and cloud cover, glowing pink or gold in the morning or evening light, but thiscolour change is generally related to the low angle of the Sun above the horizon However,travellers to Antarctica have repeatedly reported seeing green icebergs in the Weddell Seaand, more commonly, close to the Amery Ice Shelf in East Antarctica
One explanation for green icebergs attributes their colour to an optical illusion when blueice is illuminated by a near-horizon red Sun, but green icebergs stand out among white andblue icebergs under a great variety of light conditions Another suggestion is that the colourmight be related to ice with high levels of metallic compounds, including copper and iron.Recent expeditions have taken ice samples from green icebergs and ice cores—vertical,cylindrical ice samples reaching down to great depths—from the glacial ice shelves along
Trang 8the Antarctic continent Analyses of these cores and samples provide a different solution tothe problem
The ice shelf cores, with a total length of 215 meters (705 feet), were long enough topenetrate through glacial ice—which is formed from the compaction of snow and containsair bubbles—and to continue into the clear, bubble-free ice formed from seawater thatfreezes onto the bottom of the glacial ice The properties of this clear sea ice were verysimilar to the ice from the green iceberg The scientists concluded that green icebergs formwhen a two-layer block of shelf ice breaks away and capsizes (turns upside down), exposingthe bubble-free shelf ice that was formed from seawater
A green iceberg that stranded just west of the Amery Ice Shelf showed two distinct layers:bubbly bluewhite ice and bubble-free green ice separated by a onemeter-long ice layercontaining sediments The green ice portion was textured by seawater erosion Where crackswere present, the colour was light green because of light scattering; where no cracks werepresent, the colour was dark green No air bubbles were present in the green ice, suggestingthat the ice was not formed from the compression of snow but instead from the freezing ofseawater Large concentrations of single-celled organisms with green pigments (colouringsubstances) occur along the edges of the ice shelves in this region, and the seawater is rich
in their decomposing organic material The green iceberg did not contain large amounts ofparticles from these organisms, but the ice had accumulated dissolved organic matter fromthe seawater It appears that unlike salt, dissolved organic substances are not excluded fromthe ice in the freezing process Analysis shows that the dissolved organic material absorbsenough blue wavelengths from solar light to make the ice appear green
Chemical evidence shows that platelets (minute flat portions) of ice form in the water andthen accrete and stick to the bottom of the ice shelf to form a slush (partially melted snow).The slush is compacted by an unknown mechanism, and solid, bubble-free ice is formedfrom water high in soluble organic substances When an iceberg separates from the ice shelfand capsizes, the green ice is exposed
The Amery Ice Shelf appears to be uniquely suited to the production of green icebergs.Once detached from the ice shelf, these bergs drift in the currents and wind systemssurrounding Antarctica and can be found scattered among Antarctica’s less colourfulicebergs
1 According to paragraph 1, all of the following are true of icebergs EXCEPT:
Trang 9A They do not have a regular shape
B They are formed where glaciers meet the ocean
C Most of their mass is above the sea surface
D Waves and tides cause them to break off glaciers
2 According to paragraph 2, what causes icebergs to sometimes appear dark or
opaque?
A A heavy cloud cover
B The presence of gravel or bits of rock
C The low angle of the Sun above the horizon
D The presence of large cracks in their surface
3 Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the the bolded sentence in paragraph 3?
A One explanation notes that green icebergs stand out among other icebergs under a great variety of light conditions, but this is attributed to an optical illusion
B One explanation for the colour of green icebergs attributes their colour to an optical illusion that occurs when the light from a near-horizon red Sun shines on a blue iceberg
C One explanation for green icebergs attributes their colour to a great variety of light
conditions, but green icebergs stand out best among other icebergs when illuminated by a near-horizon red Sun
D One explanation attributes the colour of green icebergs to an optical illusion under
special light conditions, but green icebergs appear distinct from other icebergs under a great variety of light conditions
4 According to paragraph 4, how is glacial ice formed?
A By the compaction of snow
B By the freezing of seawater on the bottom of ice shelves
C By breaking away from the ice shelf
D By the capsizing of a two-layer block of shelf ice
5 Ice shelf cores helped scientists explain the formation of green icebergs by showing that
A the ice at the bottom of green icebergs is bubble-free ice formed from frozen seawater
B bubble-free ice is found at the top of the ice shelf
C glacial ice is lighter and floats better than sea ice
Trang 10D the clear sea ice at the bottom of the ice shelf is similar to ice from a green iceberg
6 Why does the author mention that “The green ice portion was textured by seawater erosion”?
A To explain why cracks in the iceberg appeared light green instead of dark green
B To suggest that green ice is more easily eroded by seawater than white ice is
C To support the idea that the green ice had been the bottom layer before capsizing
D To explain how the air bubbles had been removed from the green ice
7 Which of the following is NOT explained in the passage?
A Why blocks of ice break off where glaciers meet the ocean
B Why blocks of shelf ice sometimes capsize after breaking off
C Why green icebergs are commonly produced in some parts of Antarctica
D Why green icebergs contain large amounts of dissolved organic pigments
8 The passage supports which of the following statements about the Amery Ice Shelf?
A The Amery Ice Shelf produces only green icebergs
B The Amery Ice Shelf produces green icebergs because its ice contains high levels of metallic compounds such as copper and iron
C The Amery Ice Shelf produces green icebergs because the seawater is rich in a particular kind of soluble organic material
D No green icebergs are found far from the Amery Ice Shelf
9 Scientists have differed as to whether icebergs appear green as a result of light
conditions or because of something in the ice itself Where would the sentence best fit?
A Icebergs are ordinarily blue to white, although they sometimes appear dark or opaquebecause they carry gravel and bits of rock They may change colour with changing lightconditions and cloud cover, glowing pink or gold in the morning or evening light, but thiscolour change is generally related to the low angle of the Sun above the horizon Scientistshave differed as to whether icebergs appear green as a result of light conditions or because
of something in the ice itself However, travellers to Antarctica have repeatedly reportedseeing green icebergs in the Weddell Sea and, more commonly, close to the Amery IceShelf in East Antarctica One explanation for green icebergs attributes their colour to anoptical illusion when blue ice is illuminated by a near-horizon red Sun, but green icebergsstand out among white and blue icebergs under a great variety of light conditions Anothersuggestion is that the colour might be related to ice with high levels of metallic compounds,
Trang 11including copper and iron Recent expeditions have taken ice samples from green icebergsand ice cores—vertical, cylindrical ice samples reaching down to great depths—from theglacial ice shelves along the Antarctic continent Analyses of these cores and samplesprovide a different solution to the problem
B Icebergs are ordinarily blue to white, although they sometimes appear dark or opaquebecause they carry gravel and bits of rock They may change colour with changing lightconditions and cloud cover, glowing pink or gold in the morning or evening light, but thiscolour change is generally related to the low angle of the Sun above the horizon However,travellers to Antarctica have repeatedly reported seeing green icebergs in the Weddell Seaand, more commonly, close to the Amery Ice Shelf in East Antarctica Scientists havediffered as to whether icebergs appear green as a result of light conditions or because ofsomething in the ice itself One explanation for green icebergs attributes their colour to anoptical illusion when blue ice is illuminated by a near-horizon red Sun, but green icebergsstand out among white and blue icebergs under a great variety of light conditions Anothersuggestion is that the colour might be related to ice with high levels of metallic compounds,including copper and iron Recent expeditions have taken ice samples from green icebergsand ice cores—vertical, cylindrical ice samples reaching down to great depths—from theglacial ice shelves along the Antarctic continent Analyses of these cores and samplesprovide a different solution to the problem
C Icebergs are ordinarily blue to white, although they sometimes appear dark or opaquebecause they carry gravel and bits of rock They may change colour with changing lightconditions and cloud cover, glowing pink or gold in the morning or evening light, but thiscolour change is generally related to the low angle of the Sun above the horizon However,travellers to Antarctica have repeatedly reported seeing green icebergs in the Weddell Seaand, more commonly, close to the Amery Ice Shelf in East Antarctica One explanation forgreen icebergs attributes their colour to an optical illusion when blue ice is illuminated by anear-horizon red Sun, but green icebergs stand out among white and blue icebergs under agreat variety of light conditions Scientists have differed as to whether icebergs appear green
as a result of light conditions or because of something in the ice itself Another suggestion isthat the colour might be related to ice with high levels of metallic compounds, includingcopper and iron Recent expeditions have taken ice samples from green icebergs and icecores—vertical, cylindrical ice samples reaching down to great depths—from the glacial ice
Trang 12shelves along the Antarctic continent Analyses of these cores and samples provide adifferent solution to the problem
D Icebergs are ordinarily blue to white, although they sometimes appear dark or opaquebecause they carry gravel and bits of rock They may change colour with changing lightconditions and cloud cover, glowing pink or gold in the morning or evening light, but thiscolour change is generally related to the low angle of the Sun above the horizon However,travellers to Antarctica have repeatedly reported seeing green icebergs in the Weddell Seaand, more commonly, close to the Amery Ice Shelf in East Antarctica One explanation forgreen icebergs attributes their colour to an optical illusion when blue ice is illuminated by anear-horizon red Sun, but green icebergs stand out among white and blue icebergs under agreat variety of light conditions Another suggestion is that the colour might be related to icewith high levels of metallic compounds, including copper and iron Scientists have differed
as to whether icebergs appear green as a result of light conditions or because of something
in the ice itself Recent expeditions have taken ice samples from green icebergs and icecores—vertical, cylindrical ice samples reaching down to great depths—from the glacial iceshelves along the Antarctic continent Analyses of these cores and samples provide adifferent solution to the problem
10 Several logical suggestions have been offered to explain why some icebergs appear green EXCEPT
A Ice cores were used to determine that green icebergs were formed from the compaction
of metallic compounds, including copper and iron
B Green icebergs form when a two-layer block of ice breaks away from a glacier and
capsizes, exposing the bottom sea ice to view
C Ice cores and samples revealed that both ice shelves and green icebergs contain a layer ofbubbly glacial ice and a layer of bubble-free sea ice
D In a green iceberg, the sea ice contains large concentrations of organic matter from the seawater