The Nature of Archaeological Enquiry – Amy BogaardLectures 1-2: Introduction to the principles of archaeology Terms Renaissance, humanism, age of exploration, stratigraphy, law of superp
Trang 1The Nature of Archaeological Enquiry – Amy Bogaard
Lectures 1-2: Introduction to the principles of archaeology
Terms
Renaissance, humanism, age of exploration, stratigraphy, law of superposition,
uniformitarianism, theodolite, site, artefact, ecofact, human agency, material culture, taphonomy, site formation processes, C- and N-transforms (Schiffer), (single) context recording system, surface survey, aerial photography, satellite imagery, geophysical survey, ladder of inference, ethnographic analogy
People
Thomas Aquinas, Leonardo da Vinci, Marten van Heemskerk, Vasco de Gama, James Cooke, Sir Walter Raleigh, John White, John Sloane, Napoleon Bonaparte, Thomas
Jefferson, Charles Darwin, Hadza, Tollund Man, Christopher Hawkes
Sites
Dartmoor reaves (Devon; Middle Bronze Age), Balbridie (Aberdeenshire; Early Neolithic), Tell Brak (Syria; Chalcolithic-Bronze Age), Çatalhöyük (central Anatolia; Neolithic)
Some quotations
“No historical problem should be studied without studying the history of historical thought about it” (R.G Collingwood 1939)
“Archaeology is not a universal or self-evident activity” (B Trigger 2006)
“Archaeology is the past tense of anthropology (L.R Binford 1962)
“Archaeology is archaeology is archaeology” (D Clarke 1973)
Hawkes’ ladder of archaeological inference:
(from Hawkes, C 1954 Archaeological theory and method: some suggestions from the
Old World American Antiquity 56: 155-168)
1 Techniques for the production of archaeological phenomena
2 Subsistence-economics
3 Socio-political institutions
4 Religious institutions and spiritual life
Q To what extent is Hawkes’ model useful in archaeology today?
Reading:
Barker, P., 1982, Techniques of Archaeological Excavation, Batsford See especially
chapters 1-3
Greene, K., 2002, Archaeology: an introduction Fourth edition, fully revised Routledge
and University of Pennsylvania Press, chapters 1-3
Hawkes, C 1954, Archaeological theory and method: some suggestions from the Old
World American Antiquity 56: 155-168
Johnson, M.H., 2010, Archaeological Theory: an introduction (second edition) Oxford:
Blackwell, chapter 1
Museum of London Archaeology Service, 1994, Archaeological Site Manual London:
MoLAS
Renfrew, C and Bahn, P., 2008, Archaeology: Theories, Methods and Practice, Thames
and Hudson, chapters 1-2
Trigger, B.G., 2006, A History of Archaeological Thought (second edition) Cambridge:
CUP, chapters 2-3