Boilers for power and process

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for POWER and

PROCESS

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CRC Press is an imprint of the

Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

Boca Raton London New York

BOILERS

for POWER and

PROCESS

Kumar Rayaprolu

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6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300

Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742

CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business

No claim to original U.S Government works

Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper

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International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4200-7537-3 (Ebook)

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To my late parents.

To my father,

a power engineer himself, for instilling within me this love for boilers.

To my wife Usha, without whose gentle encouragement and active support,

this project would not have been undertaken

and my teenage daughters Ramya and Amulya,

without whose software and data entry help,

this book would not have seen the light of the day It is for the manner all of

them have cheerfully suffered the total neglect and deprivation imposed on

them during the past two years that this book could be completed.

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List of Figures xvii

List of Tables xxxiii

Preface xli Acknowledgments xlv Author xlvii Structure of this Book xlix Conversion of Units lv Preamble lxiii Section I: Boiler Fundamentals 1 Boiler Basics 3

1.1 Introduction 3

1.2 Classifi cation of Boilers 3

1.2.1 Defi nition of a Boiler 3

1.2.2 Classifi cation 3

1.3 Boiler Specifi cations 7

1.3.1 Steam Flow or Evaporation or Boiler Output 7

1.3.2 Types of Pressures 9

1.3.3 Outlet Temperatures 9

1.3.4 Feed Water Temperature 10

1.3.5 Fuels 10

1.4 Scope of Boiler Plant 11

1.4.1 Inputs and Outputs 11

1.4.2 Boiler Package 13

1.4.3 Boiler Island 13

1.5 Heat Balance for Boiler Effi ciency 14

1.5.1 Energy Balance in Boiler 14

1.5.2 Boiler Effi ciency Calculations 14

1.5.3 Effect of Ambient Conditions on Boiler Effi ciency and Design 15

1.5.4 Breakup of Losses 16

1.5.5 Typical Effi ciency Calculation 20

1.6 Performance Testing of Boilers 20

1.6.1 Input–Output Method 21

1.6.2 Heat Loss Method 21

1.6.3 Calculation of Effi ciency from Performance Test Results 23

1.6.4 New 1998 Boiler Performance Test Code 24

1.6.5 Performance Testing of Waste Heat Recovery Boilers 25

1.6.6 Performance Testing of Heat Recovery Steam Generators 25

1.7 Boiler Evaluation 27

1.8 Boiler Design for Optimum Performance 28

1.8.1 Stack Loss Reduction 29

1.8.2 Unburnt Loss Reduction 30

1.8.3 Radiation Loss Reduction 30

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1.8.4 Fan Power Reduction 30

1.8.5 Feed Pump Power Reduction 31

1.9 Designing to Boiler Codes 31

1.9.1 Basics of Boiler Pressure Part Design 34

1.10 Capturing Basic Design Data 37

Tiêu đề	Boilers for Power and Process
Tác giả	Kumar Rayaprolu
Trường học	Boca Raton, London, New York
Chuyên ngành	Power and Process Engineering
Thể loại	Book
Năm xuất bản	2009
Thành phố	Boca Raton

Định dạng
Số trang	814
Dung lượng	16,45 MB