WHAT IS SCOLIOSIS ? FULL

WHAT IS SCOLIOSIS ? PRESENTATION BY BEENA SHIBU SCOLIOSIS 1 WHAT IS SCOLIOSIS ? Scoliosis is an abnormal curve of the spine Your spine is your backbone It runs down your back with slight natural curve.

PRESENTATION BY

BEENA SHIBU

SCOLIOSIS

WHAT IS SCOLIOSIS ?

• Scoliosis is an abnormal curve of the spine.

•Your spine is your backbone

• But people with scoliosis have a spine that curves too much

Scoliosis

THERE ARE 4 NATURAL CURVES IN THE NORMAL SPINE.

TYPES OF SCOLIOSIS

•CONGENITAL SCOLIOSIS : CAUSED BY A BONE ABNORMALITY PRESENT AT BIRTH.

NEUROMUSCULAR SCOLIOSIS: A RESULT OF ABNORMAL MUSCLES OR NERVES DUE TO SPINA BIFIDA (BACKBONE / SPINAL CORD DO NOT CLOSE BEFORE BIRTH)

•DEGENERATIVE SCOLIOSIS: THIS MAY RESULT FROM TRAUMATIC (FROM AN INJURY OR ILLNESS) BONE COLLAPSE, PREVIOUS MAJOR BACK SURGERY, OR OSTEOPOROSIS (THINING OF THE BONES).

•IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS : THE MOST COMMON TYPE OF SCOLIOSIS, IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS, HAS

NO SPECIFIC IDENTIFIABLE CAUSE THERE IS EVIDENCE THAT IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS IS INHERITED.

•IDIOPATHIC SCOLIOSIS IS GROUPED BY AGE.

• IN CHILDREN AGE 3 AND YOUNGER, IT IS CALLED INFANTILE SCOLIOSIS.

• IN KIDS AGE 4 - 10, IT IS CALLED JUVENILE SCOLIOSIS.

• IN OLDER KIDS AGE 11 - 18, IT IS CALLED ADOLESCENT SCOLIOSIS.

• SCOLIOSIS MOST OFTEN AFFECTS GIRLS.

SIGNS & SYMPTOMS

USUALLY THERE ARE NO SYMPTOMS BUT SYMPTOMS CAN INCLUDE:

•BACKACHE OR LOW-BACK PAIN

•TIRED FEELING IN THE SPINE AFTER SITTING OR STANDING FOR A LONG TIME

•UNEVEN HIPS OR SHOULDERS (ONE SHOULDER MAY BE HIGHER THAN THE OTHER)

•SPINE CURVES MORE TO ONE SIDE

SIGNS AND TESTS

IT IS VERY HARD TO DETECT SCOLIOSIS IN THE EARLY STAGES

Physical Examination

Adam's Forward Bend Test The screening test used most often in schools and in

the offices of pediatricians and primary care doctors is called the Adam's forward bend test.

FORWARD BEND TEST

THE CHILD BENDS FORWARD DANGLING THE ARMS, WITH THE FEET TOGETHER AND KNEES STRAIGHT

IN A CHILD WITH SCOLIOSIS, THE EXAMINER MAY OBSERVE AN IMBALANCED RIB CAGE, WITH ONE SIDE BEING HIGHER THAN THE OTHER, OR OTHER DEFORMITIES.

TESTS TO DETECT SCOLIOSIS

for diagnosing scoliosis X rays appear to be fairly accurate for detecting scoliosis in the upper back (the thoracic region), but not scoliosis in the lower back (the lumbar region).

• Children and young adolescents need x-rays every few months to detect increasing severity

TESTS TO DETECT SCOLIOSIS

2 Magnetic Resonance Imaging Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an

advanced imaging procedure that does not use radiation, as x-rays do It is expensive, however, and not generally used for an initial diagnosis MRI can, nevertheless, identify spinal cord and brain stem abnormalities

TESTS TO DETECT SCOLIOSIS

3 Three-Dimensional Modeling Techniques Advanced

computer modeling techniques are able to create three dimensional images using x-rays or other two- dimensional images They allow doctors to observe the spinal distortions and help to reduce the number of x-rays needed to monitor scoliosis and help surgeons determine the best surgical procedures.

DETERMINING THE DEGREE

•THE TECHNICIAN THEN DRAWS A PERPENDICULAR LINE BETWEEN THE TWO LINES.

•MEASURING THE INTERSECTING ANGLE DETERMINES THE DEGREE OF CURVATURE.

•BRACE :



TREATMENTS

BRACING IS THE USUAL TREATMENT CHOICE FOR ADOLESCENTS WHO HAVE A SPINAL CURVE BETWEEN 25 DEGREES TO 40 DEGREES PARTICULARLY IF THEIR BONES ARE STILL MATURING AND IF THEY HAVE AT LEAST 2 YEARS OF GROWTH REMAINING.

 THE PURPOSE OF BRACING IS TO HALT PROGRESSION OF THE CURVE IT MAY PROVIDE

A TEMPORARY CORRECTION, BUT USUALLY THE CURVE WILL ASSUME ITS ORIGINAL MAGNITUDE WHEN BRACING IS ELIMINATED

• SURGERY:

 For those persons who already have a significant curve with a significant

deformity surgery can reduce the curve and significantly reduce the deformity

 Usually surgery is reserved for teen and pre-teens who already have a curve

around 40 degrees or more.

TREATMENTS

SYNTHES IMPLANTS

MEDTRONIC SOFAMOR DANEK IMPLANTS

DEPUY SPINE IMPLANTS

EXERCISES FOR SCOLIOSIS

1 INCREASE BACK STRENGTH: with back extension exercises

2 INCREASE FLEXIBILITY: stand tall and bend to touch toes while trying to keep knees

locked

3 INCREASE ENDURANCE LEVELS: cardiovascular workouts, such as walking, bicycling

or aerobic classes, to help with endurance levels.

function in an unbalanced state Rather than actually straightening the spine, this method allows your brain to rethink its way of positioning your body and helps maintain balance This allows you to sit and stand straight, even though internally your spine is bent.

COMPLICATIONS OF SCOLIOSIS

• PAIN: THE ASYMMETRICAL STRESSES ON JOINTS AND THE UNBALANCED FORCES ACTING

ON MUSCLES RESULT IN BACK PAIN FOR MANY PEOPLE.

• SPINAL DEGENERATION: LONG-STANDING ASYMMETRICAL LOADING OF THE SPINE AFFLICTED BY SCOLIOSIS CAN PRODUCE DEGENERATIVE CHANGES IN THE DISCS, THE SPINAL JOINTS AND IN THE BONES THEMSELVES.

• NEUROLOGICAL COMPROMISE: AS A RESULT OF A SEVERE SPINAL CURVATURE,

SECONDARY DEGENERATIVE CHANGES OR A COMBINATION OF FACTORS, SPINAL NERVES MAY BECOME TETHERED OR COMPRESSED NUMBNESS, WEAKNESS OR MUSCLE ATROPHY IN A LIMB IS POSSIBLE

• CARDIO RESPIRATORY COMPROMISE : IN SOME CASES, A SPINAL CURVATURE CAN BECOME SO LARGE THAT THE HEART AND LUNGS MAY BECOME CROWDED THE CHEST CAVITY MAY NOT BE ABLE TO EXPAND AND CONTRACT NORMALLY WHICH ALSO HINDERS

RESPIRATORY FUNCTION