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Cô Vũ Thị Mai Phương

TÀI LIỆU ĐI KÈM BÀI GIẢNG RÈN KỸ NĂNG ĐỌC HIỂU CHỦ ĐỀ DANH NHÂN

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Exercise 1 Read the passage and choose the correct answer for each question

Ever since she burst onto the pop scene in the early eighties, Madonna has remained one of the most well-known celebrities in the world She has shown herself to be a talented singer, dancer, songwriter and actress To have achieved this she undoubtedly has a strong belief in herself and her abilities

It is possible she gained her strong personality through her touch childhood experiences She went to a strict catholic school, was one of many children, and her family was split up after her mother died from cancer Eventually, in search of fame, she left college and went to New York with only her suitcase and

a few dollars

Hugely successful, often through controversy, Madonna has always known what the public and media want She has gone from shocking clothes and pop songs to setting trends and family life She caused disagreement by playing feminist roles in films and featuring in pop videos with images of Jesus Christ Throughout all her years and different styles and phases, she has always been able to give the general public entertainment Madonna has become one of the biggest stars on the planet, and has sold over 100 million recorders worldwide, making her one of the highest-earning entertainers of her generation Even now as she approaches fifty and is a mother, Madonna is likely to contribute to entertain us for many more years, but what nobody can be sure of is exactly what she will do next

Question 1 What is the writer’s main purpose in writing this text?

A To discuss Madonna’s acting career, and encourage other pop stars to go into acting

B To show how well Madonna achieved success throughout the years

C To remind people that money is not everything, and it comes and goes

D To claim that fashion is always change, and no one can stay famous forever

Question 2 As a child, Madonna was probably

A Happiest during her school days

B Lonely and without anyone to talk to

C Unhappy in New York

D Made stronger due to different events

Question 3 What is true according to the text?

A Madonna has always been careful not to offend the public

B Madonna apologized to the Church after causing offence with a pop video

C Madonna often upset people but achieved a great deal

D Madonna disliked the controversy in her career

Question 4 What does the writer say about Madonna’s success?

A She is one of richest performers of her time

B She has earned more money than many international businesses

C Her success is mainly due to the American market

D Her consistent style has followed her to earn so much money

Question 5 How would the writer probably describe Madonna’ future?

A “After so much success, acting will become more important than singing”

B “Family life will be the main factor in Madonna’s everyday life, no more wild days!”

C “She’ll keep on pleasing the public in a predictable way”

D “Madonna is sure to keep us guessing on her future plan”

Exercise 2 Read the passage and choose the correct answer for each question

Ralph Earl was born into a Connecticut farm family in 1751 He chose early to become a painter and looked for what training was available in his home state and in Boston Earl was one of the first American artists to paint landscapes Among his first paintings were scenes from Revolutionary War battles of Lexington and Concord In 1778 Earl went to London to study with Benjamin West for four years When Earl returned to United states, he was jailed for fourteen months for outstanding debts While still a prisoner, he painted portraits of some New York City’s most elegant society women and their husbands

After his release, he took up the trade of itinerant portrait painter, working his way through southern New

England and New York Earl didn’t flatter his subjects, but his portraits show a deep understanding of them, perhaps because he had sprung from the same roots

Among Earl’s most famous paintings is his portrait of Justice Oliver Ellsworth and his wife, Abigail To provide counterpoint to the severity of the couple, he accurately details the relative luxury of the Ellsworth’s interior furnishings The view through the window behind them shows sunlit fields, wellkept fences, and a bend of the Connecticut River One of Earl’s paintings is something of an anomaly Reclining Hunter, which for many years was attributed to Thomas Gainsborough, shows a well- dressed

gentleman resting beneath a tree In the foreground, he displays a pile of birds, the result of a day’s hunt

The viewer can also see a farmer’s donkey lying in the background, another of the hunter’s victims This outrageously funny portrait couldn’t have been commissioned – no one would have wanted to be portrayed in such an absurd way However, this painting uncharacteristically shows Earl’s wit as well as his uncommon technical skills

Question 1 What is the author’s main purpose?

A to discuss the life and work of an American painter

B to compare the art of Ralph Earl and Thomas Gainsborough

C to trace Ralph Earl’s artistic influences

D to describe the art scene in New York in the late eighteenth century

Question 2 Which of the following is NOT given in the passage as a subject of one of Earl’s paintings?

Question 3 According to the passage, Benjamin West was Ralph Earl’s

Question 4 Which of the following could be substituted for outstanding without changing the meaning of the sentence?

Question 5 The word “itinerant” is closest in meaning to which of the following?

Question 6 The author uses the phrase “sprung from the same roots” to indicate that Ralph Earl and his subjects _

A lived in the same town B were about the same age

C were equally successful D had the same background

Question 7 According to the passage, one of the distinguishing features of the portrait of Oliver and Abigail Ellsworth is the contrast between

A the plainness of the figures and the luxury of the furnishings

B the two styles used to paint the two figures

C the sunlit fields and the dark interior

D the straight fences and the curving Connecticut River

Question 8 Why does the author refer to Reclining Hunter as “something of an anomaly’’?

A It is so severe B It is quite humorous

C It shows Earl’s talent D It was commissioned

Question 9 The word “he” in the last paragraph refers to?

A Ralph Earl B the farmer C the hunter D Thomas Gainsborough

Question 10 The author’s attitude toward Ralph Earl is _

A admiring B antagonistic C neutral D unflattering

Cô Vũ Thị Mai Phương

TÀI LIỆU ĐI KÈM BÀI GIẢNG RÈN LUYỆN CHỦ ĐỀ DANH NHÂN (2)

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Exercise 1 Read the passage and choose the correct answer for each question.

Marian Anderson's brilliant singing career began at age six when she sang spirituals at the Union Baptist

Church in her hometown of Philadelphia She toured Europe in the 1920s, drawing vast acclaim; however,

when she returned to the United States she was still barred from performing on the American operatic stage

Strict segregation laws were in force at the time, keeping many Black performers out of exclusively white theaters and concert halls After she was prevented from singing in Washington's segregated

Constitution Hall in 1939, Eleanor Roosevelt intervened and arranged for Miss Anderson to perform at the Lincoln Memorial Marian Anderson's beautiful contralto voice broke down racial barriers, showing

white Americans that blacks had a profound contribution to make to America's cultural life Eventually,

in 1955, she became the first African-American singer to perform at New York's Metropolitan Opera In her many years of touring she had to endure a racism that forced her to enter concert halls and hotels

through service entrances Her grace under this stress showed a moral perseverance that paralleled that

of the famous Martin Luther King, Jr

Question 1 We can conclude from the passage that Marian Anderson first toured Europe instead

of the United States because _

A she was paid more in Europe

B she was not allowed to perform in the United States

C there were better operatic facilities in Europe

D it was too expensive to tour in the United States

Question 2 The word “acclaim” could best be replaced by

Question 3 The word “intervened” could best be replaced by _

A appreciated B supported C interrupted D interfered

Question 4 The significance of Anderson’s Lincoln memorial performance was that _

A Eleanor Roosevelt arranged it B her contralto voice was beautiful

C 75,000 people came D she was a black performer

Question 5 The phrase "broke down racial barriers" means

A disclosed opportunities B shattered obstacles

C revealed inaccuracies D analyzed destinations

Question 6 Where is the best place in the passage to add the following sentence?

“A crowd of 75,000 people came to watch her sing before the Memorial.”

A after the word “…Memorial” B after the word “…Stage”

C after the word “…Opera” D after the word “…entrances”

Question 7 The word “grace” is similar in meaning to

A awkwardness B cruelty C elegance D saintliness

Question 8 According to the passage, what did Marian Anderson have in common with Martin Luther, Jr.?

A Moral perseverance

B a clear strong voice

C a performance at the Lincoln memorial

D singing in church

Question 9 The author’s tone in this passage is _

A instructive B critical C respectful D regretful

Question 10 What does the word “this” refer to?

A touring for many years

B racist attitudes toward her

C performing before thousands of people

D being like Martin Luther King, Jr

Exercise 2 Read the passage and choose the correct answer for each question

Computer programmer David Jones earned £35,000 a year designing new computer games, yet he cannot find a bank prepared to let him have a cheque card Instead, he has been told to wait another two years, until he is 18

The 16 – year - old works for a small firm in Liverpool, where the problem of most young people of his age is finding a job David's firm releases two new games for the expanding home Computer market each month

But David's biggest headache is what to do with his money Despite his salary, earned by inventing new programmes within tight schedules, with bonus payments and profit - sharing, he cannot drive a car, take out a mortgagee, or obtain credit cards

He lives with his parents in their council house in Liverpool, where his father is a bus driver His company has to pay £ 150 a month in taxi fares to get him the five miles to work and back every day because David can not drive

David got his job with the Liverpool - based company four months ago, a year after leaving school with six O-levels and working for a time in a computer shop "I got the job because the people who run the firm knew I had already written some programmes," he said

"I suppose £35,000 sounds a lot but actually that's being pessimistic I hope it will come to more than that this year." He spends some of his money on records and clothes, and gives his mother £20 a week But most of his spare time is spent working

"Unfortunately, computing was not part of our studies at school," he said "But I had been studying it

in books and magazines for four years in my spare time I knew what I wanted to do and never considered staying on at school Most people in this business are fairly young, anyway."

David added: "I would like to earn a million and I suppose early retirement is a possibility You never know when the market might disappear."

Question 1 Why is David different from other young people of his age?

A He earns an extremely high salary B He is not unemployed

C He does not go out much D He lives at home with his parents

Question 2 David's greatest problem is _

A making the banks treat him as an adult B inventing computer games

C spending his salary D learning to drive

Question 3 He was employed by the company because _

A. he had worked in a computer shop

B he had written some computer programmes

C he works very hard

D he had learnt to use computers at school

Question 4 He left school after taking O - levels because

A he did not enjoy school

B he wanted to work with computers and staying at school did not help him

C he was afraid of getting too old to start computing

D he wanted to earn a lot of money

Question 5 Why does David think he might retire early?

A You have to be young to write computer programmes

B He wants to stop working when he is' a millionaire

C He thinks computer games might not always sell so well

D He thinks his firm might go bankrupt

Cô Vũ Thị Mai Phương

TÀI LIỆU ĐI KÈM LIVESTREAM LUYỆN ĐỌC ĐIỀN - ĐỌC HIỂU ( BUỔI 16)

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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on you answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions

Korea's recent unveiling of the world's first cloned dog was welcomed by King Chow, assistant

professor of biotechnology at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, but fie also warned that we need to be on guard against possible reproductive cloning Professor Chow went on to explain that, "The development of the technology is a good thing in itself but how we monitor it and who we

allow to use it will be of great importance"

Professor Chow is one of many academics who feel that a clear line must be drawn between reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning Therapeutic cloning involves the use of embryonic stem cells to develop human cells or organs that can be used to cure diseases such as Parkinson's and diabetes People in wheelchairs may be able to walk again thanks to this technology as scientists believe that they can clone new cells to repair back and neck injuries

Reproductive cloning involves implanting a cloned embryo into a uterus in the hope of producing a healthy foetus A company called Clonaid claims to have successfully cloned thirteen human babies They say that all of the babies are healthy and are in various locations, including Hong Kong, UK, Spain and Brazil Clonaid states that they are using human cloning to assist infertile couples, homosexual couples and families who have lost a beloved relative

The same technology can be used for animal cloning If endangered species such as the giant panda and Sumatran tiger could be cloned, they could be saved from extinction Livestock such as cows could also be cloned to allow farmers to reproduce cattle that produce the best meat and most milk This could greatly help developing countries where cows produce significantly less meat and milk

Question 1. What does the passage mainly discuss?

A. How the development of technology can be monitored

B. How different human cloning is from animal cloning

C. Two different types of human cloning technology

D. A famous scientist working on cloning technology

Question 2. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?

A. Cloning technology can help cure back and neck injuries

B. The first dog to be cloned was in Korea

C. Many countries can use cloning technology to produce more meat and milk

D. Diabetes can't be cured by using cloning technology

Question 3 The word "unveiling" in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to

A. entrance B. introduction C. opening D. promotion

Question 4. According to paragraph 4, what animals are in danger of extinction?

A. cows B. giant pandas C. all breeds of tiger D. livestock

Question 5 The word "it" in paragraph 1 refers to

A. reproductive cloning B. the development of cloning technology

C. Hong Kong University of Science and Technology D. the first cloned dog

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on you answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions

In our connected globalized world, the languages which dominate communications and business, Mandarin, Hindi, English, Spanish and Russian amongst others, are placing small languages spoken in remote places under increasing pressure Fewer and fewer people speak languages such as Lili, Taushiro and Dumi as their children shift away from the language of their ancestors towards languages which promise education, success and the chance of a better life While to many parents, this may appear a reasonable choice, giving their offspring the opportunity to achieve the sort of prosperity they see on television, the children themselves often lose touch with their roots However, in many places the more reasonable option of bilingualism, where children learn to speak both a local and a national language, is

being promoted This gives hope that many endangered languages will survive, allowing people to

combine their links to local tradition with access to wider world culture

While individuals are free to choose if they wish to speak a minority language, national governments should be under no obligation to provide education in an economically unproductive language, especially

in times of budget constraints It is generally accepted that national languages unite and help to create

wealth while minority regional languages divide Furthermore, governments have a duty to ensure that young people can fulfil their full potential, meaning that state education must provide them with the ability

to speak and work in their national language and so equip them to participate responsibly in national affairs People whose language competence does not extend beyond the use of a regional tongue have limited prospects This means that while many people may feel a sentimental attachment to their local

language, “their government's position should be one of benign neglect”, allowing people to speak the

language, but not acting to prevent its eventual disappearance

Many PhD students studying minority languages lack the resources to develop their language skills, with the result that they have to rely on interpreters and translators to communicate with speakers of the language they are studying This has a detrimental effect on the quality of their research At the same time, they have to struggle against the frequently expressed opinion that minority languages serve no useful purpose and should be allowed to die a natural death Such a view fails to take into account the fact that

a unique body of knowledge and culture, built up over thousands of years, is contained in a language and

that language extinction and species extinction are different facets of the same process They are part of

an impending global catastrophe which is beginning to look unavoidable

Question 6. Which of the following could best serve as the main topic of the passage?

A. The threat to minority languages in different parts of the world

B. The domination of business languages all over the world

C. The shift from regional to national languages in many countries

D. The benefits of national languages in modern world

Question 7. According to the first paragraph, why do many parents consider the change national

languages a reasonable choice?

A. Because not many people nowadays are familiar with the language of their ancestors

B. Because children now can learn to speak both a local and a national language

C. Because their children may have a chance to achieve education, success and better living condition

D. Because their children may help to combine their links to local tradition with access to wider world culture

Question 8 What does the word “this” in the first paragraph refer to?

A. the more reasonable option

B. the place where children can use bilingualism

C. the opportunity to achieve prosperity

D. the promotion of bilingualism

Question 9 The word “constraints” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to _

A. investments B. restrictions C. crises D. depressions

Question 10 What can be inferred from the sentence “their government's position should be one of benign neglect" in paragraph 27

A. People who are not members of the government will be allowed to speak their local languages

B. It's better to allow these minority languages to die naturally by neglecting them

C. The government does not appreciate the importance of minority languages

D. The local people will be neglected if they use their ancestors' languages

Question 11. What is the influence of the shortage of minority language resources on many PhD

students mentioned in paragraph 3?

A. These students are unable to persuade people to use the language they are learning

B. Their qualified research is unlikely to complete

C. They will have many difficulties in understanding these languages

D. They have to become interpreters and translators of these languages themselves

Question 12 The word "facets" in the last paragraph could be best replaced by _

A. aspects B. problems C. procedures D. products

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 13 to 17

Successful students often do the followings while studying First, they have an overview before reading Next, they look for important information and pay greater attention to it (which often needs jumping forward or backward to process information) They also relate important points to one another Also, they

activate and use their prior knowledge When they realize that their understanding is not good, they do

not wait to change strategies Last, they can monitor understanding and take action to correct or “fix up” mistakes in comprehension

Conversely, students with low academic achievement often demonstrate ineffective study skills They tend to assume a passive role, in learning and rely on others (e.g., teachers, parents) to monitor their studying, for example, low-achieving students often do not monitor their understanding of content; they may not be aware of the purpose of studying; and they show little evidence of looking back, or employing

“fix-up” strategies to fix understanding problems Students who struggle with learning new information seem to be unaware that they must extent effort beyond simply reading the content to understand and remember it Children with learning disabilities do not plan and judge the quality of their studying Their studying may be disorganized Students with learning problems face challenges with personal organization as well They often have difficulty keeping track of materials and assignments, following directions, and completing work on time Unlike good studiers who employ a variety of study skills in a

flexible yet purposeful manner, low-achieving students use a restricted range of study skills They cannot

explain why good study strategies are important for learning; and they tend to use the same, often ineffective study approach for all learning tasks, ignoring task content, structure or difficulty

(Source: Adapted from Study Skills: Managing Your Learning — NUI Galway)

Question 13 What is the topic of the passage?

A Successful and low-academic achieving students

B Successful learners and their learning strategies

C Study skills for high school students

D Effective and ineffective ways of learning

Question 14. The word “prior” in the first paragraph is closest meaning to ?

A important B earlier C forward D good

Question 15. According to the passage, what can be learnt about passive students?

A They depend on other people to organize their learning

B They are slow in their studying

C They monitor their understanding

D They know the purpose of studying

Question 16. Which of the followings is NOT an evidence of monitoring studying?

A Being aware of the purpose of studying

B Monitoring their understanding of content

C Fixing up mistakes in understanding

D Looking at their backs

Question 17. In compared with low-achieving students, successful students use

A aimless study techniques B various study skills

C restricted strategies D inflexible study ways

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TÀI LIỆU ĐI KÈM LIVESTREAM NÂNG CAO KĨ NĂNG ĐỌC ĐIỀN- ĐỌC HIỂU (BUỔI 11)

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Scientists at Harvard Medical School discovered that people who deprive themselves of sleep so that

they can study until the last minute are unlikely to remember anything that would improve their

performance, while suffering the crippling effects of fatigue The scientists found that the brain needs good-quality sleep immediately after practicing a task if it is to learn to improve at it Those who substitute study for sleep, particularly those who miss deep or “slow-wave” sleep will get little benefit from their extra effort

The findings, published in Nature Neuroscience, add to a growing body of evidence that sleep is vital

to the learning process The results, Professor Stickgold said, suggest that a good night’s sleep

immediately after learning is “absolutely required” to embed new skills in the memory “We think that

the first night’s sleep starts the process of memory consolidation,” he said “It seems that memories normally wash out of the brain unless some process nails them down My suspicion is that sleep is one

of those things that nails them down.”

(Adapted from Focus on IELTS by Sue O’Connell)

Question 1 What is the best title for the passage?

A Sleep better than midnight oil on eve of exams

B More sleep higher grades

C Sleep for better memory

D Brain damage from studying late

Question 2 The word “their” in paragraph 2 refers to _

A people’s performance B Scientists C sleep-deprived people D Students

Question 3 According to the passage, substituting study for sleep could lead to _

A benefitting from studying all night

B causing more harm to themselves and get little advantage

C crippling effects of fatigue

D having a successful result from their exam

Question 4 The word “embed” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to

A attach B pluck C implant D learn

Question 5 Which of the following is mentioned in the passage?

A Professor Stickgold believes that sleep is one of the processes that can retain memories

B We need to have a good-quality sleep after cramming for an exam

C The positive effects of studying on the evening before the exam

D Scientists have found that when a person is deprived of sleep, the brain is impaired.ss

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 6 to 12

Anyone who has seen either of Disney’s animated feature films Finding Nemo or Finding Dory will recognise a clownfish when they see one In the first film, Nemo is caught by fishermen, prompting his father to set out on a daunting journey in order to bring Nemo home Though captivating, the plot of the

film pales in comparison with the real-life story of the clownfish, and the symbiotic relationship it has

with its sea-anemone home

Back at the reef, there is a rigid hierarchy among the half dozen or so clownfish that occupy each host anemone At the top of the group is the largest fish, the dominant female, and next in line is the dominant male When the female dies, a startling transformation takes place: the dominant male gets larger and changes sexes, replacing its deceased partner as the dominant female

However, finding a home on the reef is easier said than done Not only do the larve have to dodge predatory fish in search of their next meal, but they also face rejection from their own kind if they approach the wrong anemone Clownfish are extremely protective of their group and will chase off other clownfish that don’t fit into their hierarchy

Although highly poisonous, these waving arms that move with the ocean currents do not seem to affect the clownfish Apparently, the fish manage to avoid the toxin by rubbing against the anemone, covering

themselves in its mucus This coating seems to trick the anemone into thinking the fish is part of the

anemone, allowing the clownfish to shelter inside But this is not the only service they provide Scientists have recently found that the clownfish is much more valuable to the anemone than it was previously thought

To understand this phenomenon, the team decided to film the behavior of the clownfish within the anemone What they witnessed left them stunned

These findings highlight the profound importance of this symbiotic relationship for the sea anemone as well as the clownfish It has long been known that the clownfish would be lost, without its anemone home,

but now we are also aware that the anemone would be doomed without the clownfish

(Adapted from Solutions Advanced 3rd Edition by Tim Falla and Paul A Davies)

Question 6 Which best serves as the title for the passage?

A Symbiotic relationship of anemone and clownfish B Benefits of clownfish to the anemone

C Symbiosis: a mutual understanding D Importance of clownfish and anemone

Question 7 The phrase “pales in comparison” in paragraph 1 mostly means

A not the same B far from the truth C seem less serious D failed expectations

Question 8 According to the passage, when the female fish perishes, the male partner will

A become bigger and switches sexes to female B be the largest fish and takes over the anemone

C be on the top of the hierarchy D become the dominant male in the hierarchy

Question 9 The word “its” in paragraph 4 refers to _

A clownfish B reef C predatory fish D anemone

Question 10 The word “doomed” in paragraph 6 is closest in meaning to _

A dead B condemned C ruined D intact

Question 11 Which of the following is true, according to the passage?

A There is a rigid hierarchy among the dozen or so clownfish that inhabit each host anemone

B Even in their own hierarchy, clownfish face rejection by their own kind

C By performing some kinds of movements, clownfish lead the anemone to a confusion

D To protect themselves from the anemone, the clownfish cover their bodies with their mucus

Question 12 Which of the following could be inferred from the passage?

A Clownfish and anemone need each other to survive

B The life under the water is special and should be protected

C Clownfish are protective animals

D That the Clownfish are smart animals

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to choose the word

or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 13 to 17

OFF THE BEATEN TRACK

The expression ‘getting off the beaten track’ is used to refer to the experience of avoiding famous tourist attractions and choosing instead to explore less well-known places when travelling For many people the

whole (13) _ of travel is to visit cities such as Paris or Venice that have a great reputation as places

of beauty and historic importance But for (14) who have more of a sense of adventure, a good holiday must (15) _ unfamiliar experiences, even taking some risks

Travelling off the beaten track may be done by some students (16) don’t stick to a rigid plan,

but make decisions about what to do depending on how they feel Other travellers prefer to spend money

on guided tours to unusual locations Such tours are designed to meet their particular needs, and all the

arrangements are made for them (17) , people choose to get off the beaten track, the hope is always

the same: to have a special, often unique experience of a different culture

(Adapted from Exam Booster by Helen Chilton, Sheila Dignen, Mark Fountain and Frances Treloar)

Question 13 A worth B point C aim D profit

Question 14 A another B every C a little D others

Question 15 A possess B consist C involve D concern

Question 16 A who B whom C they D whose

Question 17 A Therefore B In addition C Particularly D However

Trích đề thi thử lần 2 trường THPT Chuyên Bắc Ninh năm 2021

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to choose the word

or phrase that best fits each other numbered blanks

Is it worth reading books, (18) _ nowadays there are so many other forms of entertainment?

Some people say that even paperback books are expensive, and not everyone can borrow books from a library They might add that television is more exciting and that viewers can relax as they watch their

favourite (19) _ All that may be true, but books are still very popular They encourage the reader

to use his or her imagination for a start You can read a chapter of a book, or just a few pages, and then

stop Of course, it may be so (20) _ that you can’t stop! There are many different kinds of books,

so you can choose a crime novel or an autobiography, or a book (21) _ gives you interesting

information If you find it hard to choose, you can read reviews, or ask friends for ideas Personally, I

can’t do without books, but I can (22) _ up television easily enough You can’t watch television

at bus stops!

Question 19 A. ones B programmes C episodes D cereals

Question 20 A. gripping B imagined C interest D current

Question 21 A. whose B which C what D when

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Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to choose the word

or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 1 to 5

CHANGES TO SAVE THE PLANET

Climate change is being experienced everywhere in the world, and just reducing carbon emissions may not be enough Some scientists are now beginning to suggest more (1) _ inventions that might save

us from disaster by actually putting the greenhouse effect into reverse

One scientist is proposing to put a huge glass sunshade in space (2) would orbit the Earth so that

it would always face the sun This would deflect some of the sun's rays back into space, so the temperature

of the atmosphere would be reduced

(3) _ interesting idea is to pump fine particles of sea water into the clouds This would increase the thickness of the clouds, so the sun's rays would be reflected This could be done using remote-controlled yachts, so the energy cost would be zero (4) _, it is proposed to create enclosed 'plankton farms' in the sea, where plankton could be fed huge quantities of fertilizer This would make the plankton grow and absorb CO2 from the air

Proposals like these may seem like science fiction, but some experts believe we may soon be forced to take them seriously, for the (5) of our planet

(Adapted from English Unlimited by Adrian Duff and Ben Goldstein)

Question 1 A. responsible B. radical C. ominous D. prospective

Question 3 A. Each B. Many C. Another D. Other

Question 4 A. In addition B. However C. Therefore D. For instance

Question 5 A. sake B. expense C. cost D. risk

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 6 to 12

Chelsea Rochman, an ecologist at the University of California, Davis, has been trying to answer a

dismal question: Is everything terrible, or are things just very, very bad? Rochman is a member of the

National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis's marine debris working group, a collection of scientists who study, among other things, the growing problem of marine debris, also known as ocean trash Plenty of studies have sounded alarm bells about the state of marine debris; in a recent paper published in the journal Ecology, Rochman and her colleagues set out to determine how many of those perceived risks are real

Often, Rochman says, scientists will end a paper by speculating about the broader impacts of what

they have found For example, a study could show that certain seabirds eat plastic bags, and go on to warn that whole bird populations are at risk of dying out 'But the truth was that nobody had yet tested those perceived threats,' Rochman says 'There wasn't a lot of information.'

Rochman and her colleagues examined more than a hundred papers on the impacts of marine debris that were published through 2013 Within each paper, they asked what threats scientists had studied-366 perceived threats in all - and what they'd actually found In 83 percent of cases, the perceived dangers of ocean trash were proven true In the remaining cases, the working group found the studies had weaknesses

in design and content which affected the validity of their conclusions - they lacked a control group, for

example, or used faulty statistics

Within the studies they looked at, most of the proven threats came from plastic debris, rather than other materials like metal or wood Most of the dangers also involved large pieces of debris animals getting entangled in trash, for example, or eating it and severely injuring themselves

But a lot of ocean debris is 'microplastic', or pieces smaller than five millimeters These may be ingredients used in cosmetics and toiletries, fibers shed by synthetic clothing in the wash, or eroded remnants of larger debris Compared to the number of studies investigating large-scale debris, Rochman's group found little research on the effects of these tiny bits “We need to be asking more ecologically relevant questions,” Rochman says Usually, scientists don't know exactly how disasters such as a tanker accidentally spilling its whole cargo of oil and polluting huge areas of the ocean will affect the environment until after they've happened 'We don't ask the right questions early enough,' she says But if ecologists can understand how the slow-moving effect of ocean trash is damaging ecosystems, they might

be able to prevent things from getting worse

(Adapted from Cambridge English IELTS Academic 14)

Question 6 What would be the best title for this passage?

A Assessing the threat of marine debris

B Marine debris: who is to blame?

C A new solution to the problem of marine debris

D Marine debris: the need for international action

Question 7 The word “dismal” in the first paragraph is closet in meaning to

A stupid B cheerful C.bleak D favorable

Question 8 According to Rochman, what might researchers do with the findings about the fact that seabirds eat plastic bags?

A Scientists will conclude a paper by speculating about the larger impacts of what they have observed

B They warn that the whole population of birds is at risk of dying out

C They will test those perceived threats

D They will examine the seabirds that eat plastic bags

Question 9 The word “speculating” in paragraph 2 mostly means _

A.contemplating B assuming C neglecting D realizing

Question 10 The word “their” in the third paragraph refers to

A Rochman and her colleagues B seabirds

Question 11 Which of the following is TRUE in the passage?

A Rochman and her fellows were the first people to research the problem of marine debris

B The creatures most in danger from ocean trash are certain seabirds

C Rochman analyzed paper’s on the different kinds of danger caused by ocean trash

D Most of the research analyzed by Rochman and her colleagues was badly designed

Question 12 Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

A There is still a lot of research to be done on the danger of marine debris

B The most proven threat were from plastic debris

C There’s no need to conduct extensive research on damaging ecosystems

D The findings of studies by scientists on the danger of marine debris are questionable

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Exercise 1 Read the passage and choose the correct answer for each question

If parents bring up a child with the sole aim of turning the child into a genius, they will cause a disaster According to several leading educational psychologists, this is one of the biggest mistakes which ambitious parents make Generally, the child will be only too aware of what his parents expect, and will fail Unrealistic parental expectations can cause great damage to children

However, if parents are not too unrealistic about what they expect their children to do, but are ambitious

in a sensible way, the child may succeed in doing very well – especially if the parents are very supportive

of their child Michael Collins is very lucky He is crazy about music, and his parents help him a lot by taking him to concerts and arranging private piano and violin lessons for him They even drive him 50

kilometers twice a week for violin lessons Michael’s mother knows very little about music, but his father plays the trumpet in a large orchestra However, he never makes Michael enter music competitions if he

is unwilling Winston Smith, Michael’s friend, however, is not so lucky Both his parents are successful musicians, and they set too high a standard for Winston They want their son to be as successful as they are and so they enter him for every piano competition held They are very unhappy when he does not win Winston is always afraid that he will disappoint his parents and now he always seems quiet and unhappy

Question 1 One of the serious mistakes parents can make is to _

A. push their child into trying too much B. help their child to become a genius

C. make their child become a musician D. neglect their child’s education

Question 2 Parents’ ambition for their children is not wrong if they _

A. force their children into achieving success

B. themselves have been very successful

C. understand and help their children sensibly

D. arrange private lessons for their children

Question 3 Who have criticized the methods of some ambitious parents?

A. Successful musicians B. Unrealistic parents

C. Their children D. Educational psychologists

Question 4 Michael Collins is fortunate in that _

A. his father is a musician B. his parents are quite rich

C. his mother knows little about music D. his parents help him in a sensible way

Question 5 The phrase "crazy about" in the passage mostly means

A. "surprised at" B. "extremely interested in"

C. "completely unaware of" D. "confused about"

Question 6 Winston’s parents push their son so much and he _

A. has won a lot of piano competitions

B. cannot learn much music from them

C. has become a good musician

D. is afraid to disappoint them

Question 7 The word "They" in the passage refers to

A concerts B violin lessons C parents in general D Michael’s parents

Question 8 All of the following people are musical EXCEPT _

A Winston’s father B Winston’s mother C Michael’s father D Michael’s mother

Question 9 The word "unwilling" in the passage mostly means _

A "getting ready to do something" B "eager to do something"

C "not objecting to doing anything" D "not wanting to do something"

Question 10 The two examples given in the passage illustrate the principle that _

A successful parents always have intelligent children

B successful parents often have unsuccessful children

C parents should let the child develop in the way he wants

D parents should spend more money on the child’s education

Exercise 2 Read the passage and choose the correct answer for each question

We find that bright children are rarely held back by mixed-ability teaching On the contrary, both their knowledge and experience are enriched We feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming pupils

It does not take into account the fact that children develop at different rates It can have a bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright child After all, it can be quite discouraging to be at the bottom of the top grade!

Besides, it is rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual ability This is only one aspect of their total personality We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their academy ability We also value personal qualities and social skills, and we find that mixedability teaching contributes to all these aspects of learning

In our classrooms, we work in various ways The pupils often work in groups; this gives them the opportunity to learn to co-operate, to share, and to develop leadership skills They also learn how to cope with personal problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, to analyze and evaluate, and

to communicate effectively The pupils learn from each other as well as from the teachers

Sometimes the pupils work in pairs; sometimes they work on individual tasks and assignments; and they can do this at their own speed They also have some formal class teaching when this is appropriate

We encourage our pupils to use the library, and we teach them the skills they need in order to do this effectively An advanced pupil can do advanced work; it does not matter what age the child is We expect our pupils to do their best, not their least, and we give them every encouragement to attain this goal

Question 1 In this passage, the author’s attitude towards “mixed-ability teaching” is _

Question 2 The phrase “held back” in paragraph 1 means

A forced to study in lower classes B prevented from advancing

C made to remain in the same classes D made to lag behind

Question 3 The author argues that a teacher’s chief concern should be the development of the pupils

A learning ability and communicative skills B intellectual abilities

C personal and social skills D total personality

Question 4 Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?

A Pupils also learn how to participate in teaching activities

B Group work gives pupils to opportunity to learn to work together with others

C Group work provides the pupils with the opportunity to learn to be capable organizers

D Pupils also learn to develop their reasoning ability

Question 5 The author’s purpose of writing this passage is to _

A Recommend pair work and group work classroom activities

B Emphasize the importance of appropriate formal classroom teaching

C Offer advice on the proper use of the school library

D Argue for teaching bright and not-so-bright pupils in the same class

Question 6 According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?

A It’s not good for a bright child to find out that he performs worst in a mixed-ability class

B Development of pupils as individuals is not the aim of group work

C Pupils cannot develop in the best way if they are streamed into classes different intellectual abilities

D There is no fixed method in teaching pupils to develop themselves to the full

Question 7 According to the passage, which of the following is an advantage of mixed-ability teaching _

A Formula class teaching is the important way to give the pupils essential skills such as those to be used

in the library

B Pupils can be hindered from an all-around development

C Pupils as individuals always have the opportunities to work on their own

D A pupil can be at the bottom of a class

Question 8 Which of he following statements can best summarize the main idea of the passage?

A Children, in general develop at different rates

B Bright children do benefit from mixed-class teaching

C The aim of education is to find out how to teach the bright and not-so-bright pupils

D Various ways of teaching should be encouraged in class

Question 9 According to the passage, “streaming pupils” _

A is the act of putting pupils into classes according to their academic abilities

B aims at enriching both their knowledge and experience

C is quite discouraging

D will help the pupils learn best

Question 10 According to the author, mixed-ability teaching is more preferable because _

A formal class teaching is appropriate

B it aims at developing the children’s total personality

C children can learn to work with each other to solve personal problems

D it doesn’t have disadvantages as in streaming pupils

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Read the following passage and mark the letter А, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 1 to 8

Let children learn to judge their own work A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time If corrected too much, he will stop talking He notices a thousand times a day the difference between the language he uses and the language those around him use Bit by bit, he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other people's In the same way, children learn all the other things they learn to do without being taught - to talk, run, climb, whistle, ride a bicycle - compare their own

performances with those of more skilled people, and slowly make the needed changes But in school we

never give a child a chance to find out his mistakes for himself, let alone correct them We do it all for him We act as if we thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him, or correct it unless he was made to Soon he becomes dependent on the teacher Let him do it himself Let him work out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word says, what the answer is to that problem, whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or not

If it is a matter of right answers, as it may be in mathematics or science, give him the answer book Let him correct his own papers Why should we teachers waste time on such routine work? Our job should be

to help the child when he tells us that he can't find the way to get the right answer Let's end all this nonsense of grades, exams, and marks Let us throw them all out, and let the children learn what all educated persons must someday learn, how to measure their own understanding, how to know what they know or do not know

Let them get on with this job in the way that seems most sensible to them, with our help as school teachers if they ask for it The idea that there is a body of knowledge to be learnt at school and used for

the rest of one's life is nonsense in a world as complicated and rapidly changing as ours Anxious parents

and teachers say, "But suppose they fail to learn something essential, some-thing they will need to get on

in the world?" Don't worry! If it is essential, they will go out into the world and learn it

Question 1 What does the author think is the best way for children to learn things?

A By copying what other people do

B By making mistakes and having them corrected

C By asking a great many questions

D By listening to explanations from skilled people

Question 2 The passage suggests that learning to speak and to ride a bicycle are

A more important than other skills

B basically the same as learning other skills

C not really an important skill

D basically different from learning adult skills

Question 3 What does the author think teachers do which they should not do?

A They encourage children to copy from one another

B They point out children’s mistakes to them

C They allow children to mark their own work

D They give children correct answers

Question 4 The word “those” in the first paragraph refers to _

A skills B things C performances D changes

Question 5 According to the first paragraph, what basic skills do children learn to do without being taught?

A Talking, climbing and whistling B Reading, talking and hearing

C Running, walking and playing D Talking, running and skiing

Question 6 Exams, grades and marks should be abolished because children’s progress should only be estimated by

A parents B the children themselves C teachers D educated persons

Question 7 The word “complicated” in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to _

A comfortable B competitive C complex D compliment

Question 8 The author fears that children will grow up into adults who are _

A unable to think for themselves

B too independent of others

C unable to use basic skills

D too critical of themselves

Read the following passage and mark the letter А, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 9 to 15

Choosing a career may be one of the hardest jobs you ever have, and it must be done with care View

a career as an opportunity to do something you love, not simply as a way to earn a living Investing the time and effort to thoroughly explore your options can mean the difference between finding a stimulating and rewarding career and move from job to unsatisfying job in an attempt to find the right one Work influences virtually every aspect of your life, from your choice of friends to where you live Here are just

a few of the factors to consider Deciding what matters most to you is essential to making the right decision You may want to begin by assessing your likes, dislikes, strengths, and weaknesses Think about the classes, hobbies, and surroundings that you find most appealing Ask yourself questions, such as

“Would you like to travel? Do you want to work with children? Are you more suited to solitary or

cooperative work?” There are no right or wrong answers; only you know what is important to you

Determine which job features you require, which ones you would prefer, and which ones you cannot

accept Then rank them in order of importance to you The setting of the job is one factor to take into

account You may not want to sit at a desk all day If not, there are diversity occupation – building inspector, supervisor, real estate agent – that involve a great deal of time away from the office Geographical location may be a concern, and employment in some fields in concentrated in certain regions Advertising job can generally be found only in large cities On the other hand, many industries such as hospitality, law education, and retail sales are found in all regions of the country If a high salary

is important to you, do not judge a career by its starting wages Many jobs, such as insurance sales, offers relatively low starting salaries; however, pay substantially increases along with your experience, additional training, promotions and commission

Don’t rule out any occupation without learning more about it Some industries evoke positive or negative associations The traveling life of a flight attendant appears glamorous, while that of a plumber

does not Remember that many jobs are not what they appear to be at first, and may have merits or demerits

that are less obvious Flight attendants must work long, grueling hours without sleeps, whereas

plumbers can be as highly paid as some doctors Another point to consider is that as you mature, you will likely develop new interests and skills that may point the way to new opportunities The choice you make today need not be your final one

Question 9 The author states that “There are no right or wrong answers” in order to

A emphasize that each person’s answers will be different

B show that answering the questions is a long and difficult process

C indicate that the answers are not really important

D indicate that each person’s answers may change over time

Question 10 The word “them” in paragraph 2 refers to

A questions B answers C features D jobs

Question 11 According to paragraph 3, which of the following fields is NOT suitable for a person who

does not want to live in a big city?

A plumbing B law C retail sales D advertising

Question 12 The word “that” in paragraph 4 refers to

A occupation B the traveling life C a flight attendant D commission

Question 13 It can be inferred from the paragraph 3 that

A jobs in insurance sales are generally not well-paid

B a starting salary should be an important consideration in choosing a career

C people should constantly work toward the next promotion

D insurance sales people can earn high salary later in their career

Question 14 Why does the author mention “long, grueling hours without sleeps” in paragraph 4?

A To emphasize the difficulty of working as a plumber

B To contrast the reality of a flight attendant’s job with most people’s perception

C To show that people must work hard for the career they have chosen

D To discourage readers from choosing a career as a flight attendant

Question 15 According to the passage, which of the following is true ?

A To make a lot of money, you should not take a job with a low starting salary

B To make lots of money, you should rule out all factory jobs

C If you want an easy and glamorous lifestyle, you should consider becoming flight attendant

D Your initial view of certain careers may not be accurate

Read the following passage and mark the letter А, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 16 to 22

It is commonly believed that school is where people go to get an education Nevertheless, it has been said that today children interrupt their education to go to school The difference between schooling and education implied by this remark is important

Education is much more open-ended and all-inclusive than schooling Education knows no limits It

can take place anywhere, whether in the shower or on the job, whether in the kitchen or on a tractor It includes both the formal learning that takes place in school and the whole universe of informal learning The agent (doer) of education can vary from respected grandparents to the people arguing about politics

on the radio, from a child to a famous scientist Whereas schooling has a certain predictability, education quite often produces surprises A chance conversation with a stranger may lead a person to discover

how little is known of other religions People receive education from infancy on Education, then, is a very broad, inclusive term It is a lifelong process, a process that starts long before the start of school, and one that should be an integral part of one’s entire life

Schooling, on the other hand, is a specific, formalized process, whose general pattern varies little from one setting to the next Throughout a country, children arrive at school at approximately the same time, take assigned seats, are taught by an adult, use similar textbooks, do homework, take exams, and so on The slices of reality that are to be learned, whether they are the alphabet or an understanding of the workings of government, have usually been limited by the boundaries of the subject being taught For example, high school students know that they are not likely to find out in their classes the truth about political problems in their communities or what the newest filmmakers are experimenting with There are definite conditions surrounding the formalized process of schooling

Question 16 This passage is mainly aimed at

A listing and discussing several educational problems

B telling the difference between the meaning of two related word

C giving examples of different schools

D telling the story about excellent teachers

Question 17: The word “all-inclusive “ in the passage mostly means

A including everything or everyone B going to many directions

C involving many school subjects D allowing no exceptions

Question 18 What does the writer mean by saying "education quite often produces surprises"?

A It's surprising that we know little about other religions

B Educators often produce surprises

C Informal learning often brings about unexpected results

D Success of informal learning is predictable

Question 19 Which of the following would the writer support?

A Our education system needs to be changed as soon as possible

B Without formal education, people won’t be able to read and write

C Schooling is of no use because students do similar things every day

D Going to school is only part of how people become educated

Question 20 The word” they” in the last paragraph refers to

A newest filmmakers B high school students

C workings of governments D political problems

Question 21 Because the general pattern of schooling varies little from one setting to the text, school children throughout the country _

A are taught by the same teachers

B have the same abilities

C have similar study conditions

D do similar things

Question 22 From the passage, we can infer that a high school teacher

A is free to choose anything to teach

B is bound to teach programmed subjects

C is not allowed to teach political issues

D has to teach social issues to all classes

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Read the following passage and mark the letter А, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 1 to 8

BRINGING UP CHILDREN

Where one stage of child development has been left out, or not sufficiently experienced, the child may have to go back and capture the experience of it A good home makes this possible - for example, by providing the opportunity for the child to play with a clockwork car or toy railway train up to any age if

he still needs to do so This principle, in fact, underlies all psychological treatment of children in difficulties with their development, and is the basic of work in child clinics

The beginnings of discipline are in the nursery Even the youngest baby is taught by gradual stages to wait for food, to sleep and wake at regular intervals and so on If the child feels the world around him is

a warm and friendly one, he slowly accepts its rhythm and accustoms himself to conforming to its

demands Learning to wait for things, particularly for food, is a very important element in upbringing, and

is achieved successfully only if too great demands are not made before the child can understand them Every parent watches eagerly the child's acquisition of each new skill: the first spoken words, the first independent steps, or the beginning of reading and writing It is often tempting to hurry the child beyond his natural learning rate, but this can set up dangerous feelings of failure and states of anxiety in the child This might happen at any stage A baby might be forced to use a toilet too early, a young child might be encouraged to learn to read before he knows the meaning of the words he reads On the other hand, though,

if a child is left alone too much, or without any learning opportunities, he loses his natural zest for life

and his desire to find out new things for himself

Learning together is a fruitful source of relationship between children and parents By playing together, parents learn more about their children and children learn more from their parents Toys and games which both parents and children can share are an important means of achieving this co-operation Building-block toys, jigsaw puzzles and crosswords are good examples

Parents vary greatly in their degree of strictness or indulgence towards their children Some may be especially strict in money matters; others are severe over times of coming home at night, punctuality for

meals or personal cleanliness In general, the controls imposed represent the needs of the parents and the

values of the community as much as the child's own happiness and well-being

With regard to the development of moral standards in the growing child, consistency is very important

in parental teaching To forbid a thing one day and excuse it the next is no foundation for morality Also,

parents should realize that "Example is better than precept" If they are hypocritical and do not practise

what they preach, their children may grow confused and emotionally insecure when they grow old enough

to think for themselves, and realize they have been, to some extent, deceived A sudden awareness of a marked difference between their parents' ethics and their morals can be a dangerous disillusion

Question 1 The principle underlying all treatment of developmental difficulties in children

A is in the provision of clockwork toys and trains

B is to send them to clinics

C is to capture them before they are sufficiently experienced

D offers recapture of earlier experiences

Question 2 The encouragement of children to achieve new skills

A should be focused on only at school

B can never be taken too far

C will always assist their development

D should be balanced and moderate

Question 3 Parental controls and discipline

A serve a dual purpose

B are designed to promote the child's happiness

C reflect only the values of the community

D should be avoided as far as possible

Question 4 The practice of the rule “Example is better than precept”

A only works when the children grow old enough to think for themselves

B would help avoid the necessity for ethics and morals

C will free a child from disillusion when he grows up

D is too difficult for all parents to exercise

Question 5 In the 1st paragraph, the author lays some emphasis on the role of helping the child in trouble

A Psychiatrists B community C family D nursery

Question 6 The phrase 'conforming to' in the 2nd paragraph means _

A adapting B accepting C agreeing with D following

Question 7 The word 'imposed' in the 4th paragraph is closest in meaning to _

A excepted B introduced C made D constrained

Question 8 Hypocrisy on the part of the Parents may

A result in their children's wrong behaviors

B disqualify their teachings altogether

C make their children lose faith in them

D impair their children's mind

Read the following passage and mark the letter А, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 9 to 16

Do you think education is better now than it was in your grandparents’ time? Many older people in the

UK believe the opposite “Schools were better in our day,” they complain “There isn’t enough discipline these days Kids don’t work as hard as we did, either The syllabus isn’t as challenging, so clever students aren’t being stretched enough They need to study things in greater depth Exams are much, much easier now as well.”

Were schools better years ago? Some British teenagers travelled back in time to a 1950s boarding school They got a big surprise! The first shock came when the teenagers met their new teachers Dressed

in traditional black gowns, they look so frosty and uncaring! They were really authoritarian, too, so

anyone caught breaking the rules – talking in classes, mucking about in the playground or playing truant

– was in big trouble! Punishments included writing ‘lines, or staying after class to do detention The naughtiest kids were expelled

Things were just as bad after class At meal times the students had to endure a diet of plain, no-nonsense,

healthy food Homework was obligatory and it took ages! Copying essays off the Internet wasn’t an

option, as personal computers didn’t exist in the 1950s!

At the end of ‘term’ everyone sat 1950s-style exams The old exams were much longer than their twenty first century equivalents and involved learning huge amounts of facts by heart History papers were all dates and battles Math’s papers were trickier, too; calculators weren’t around in the 1950s, so the students had to memorize multiplication tables and master long division Our candidates found this really difficult

The exam results surprised a lot of people Students predicted to do well in their real-life, twenty-first century exams often got low grades in the 1950s exams Does this prove modern exams are too easy? Do twenty-first century kids rely too much on modem technology, like calculators and computers? The TV series of That‘ll teach ‘me! focused on a 1960s vocational school UK school-kids study a range of academic subjects these days But in the 1960s, children judged to be less ‘able’ went to vocational

schools These helped them learn job skills Boys studied subjects like metalwork, woodwork or

gardening In some classes, they even learned how to milk goats! The girls’ timetables included secretarial skills They also learned to cook, clean and sew – probably not much fun for most girls

Question 9 What criticism is sometimes made about modern education in the first paragraph?

A Teachers aren’t strict enough B The syllabus is out of date

C There’s too much stress on exams D The teaching methods are not good enough

Question 10 The word “authoritarian” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to _

A inexperienced B impolite C unreasonable D strict

Question 11 Which of the following statements is TRUE about the food the students ate at school?

A It wasn’t cooked properly B It wasn’t delicious

C It wasn’t nutritious D There wasn’t much of it

Question 12 The word “obligatory” in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to

A compulsory B difficult C long D complicated

Question 13 According to the passage, how did exams in the 1950s differ from those in the twenty-first century?

A They covered more subjects B It took students less time to do them

C There was more to remember D They were less difficult

Question 14 What was surprising about the students’ results after taking the 1950s-style exams?

A All the students found the exams difficult

B Students didn’t do as well as expected

C Students who were predicted to fail did rather well

D Students did better than twenty-first century exams

Question 15 The word “these” in the last paragraph refers to _

A School-kids B subjects C series D vocational school

Question 16 Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

A Vocational schools provided poorer children with equipment

B Vocational schools took children who were good at studying

C Vocational schools prepared students for employment

D Vocational schools were a complete waste of time

Read the following passage and mark the letter А, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 17 to 24

BECOMING AN EFFECTIVE STUDENT

Learning how to study effectively is an essential skill for students in any discipline There are six areas which are crucial to developing good study habits Work on these and you will become an effective student

Targets

Always set a realistic work target Don't try to do too much For example, plan to read one chapter of a book each evening rather than think about reading the whole book over the weekend This kind of detailed,

planned target is more effective than a vague commitment It is sometimes helpful to tell your friends

about your plan This is a good incentive to keep you on target because they will know if you fail!

Rewards

Develop a system of small rewards for your work For example, stop for a cup of coffee or tea, or listen

to a favorite piece of music after one hour's study Rewarding yourself for keeping to your work plan will make you feel good about yourself

Timing

Make sure you choose a suitable time to study, i.e when it is quiet and when you are most alert Try to make this a regular, time-tabled part of your day If you plan to start work at a certain time, say 7 pm, do not find reasons to put off getting started You can watch a DVD later, and your emails are not urgent!

Quantity

A large task such as researching a new topic for an essay can be daunting - so daunting, in fact, that it

can be difficult to sit down and make a start Break the larger task down into several smaller ones For example, make a list of questions that you will have to deal with in your essay, and then approach each question separately This makes the work more manageable

Notes and Learning styles

The books you are studying won't always present information in a way that suits your learning style It is, therefore, worthwhile spending time making notes and organizing them in a way that suits you best It is also a good idea to keep your notebooks neat and well-organized This will make it much easier to retrieve information later

Revision

Don't leave revision until the last moment When you set your study targets, allow regular revision time This is much more effective than trying to cram before an exam

Question 17 How does the writer think you can develop good study habits?

A By setting a realistic work target

B By planning and considering your learning style

C By revising your work on a regular basis

D By taking into account six important areas

Question 18 Why is it a good idea to tell other people about your work plan?

A They can help you develop a detailed target

B They will be very helpful with your plan

C They will know if you do not stick to your plan, which motivates you to reach the target

D They will know how to help you avoid failing

Question 19 Which of the following words is closest in meaning to the word “vague” in paragraph 2?

A unrealistic B inefficient C unclear D impractical

Question 20 Timing includes all of the following EXCEPT

A you must be able to think clearly at the chosen time to study

B the best time to study is 7 p.m

C the time to study should be made a routine

D don't delay getting started

Question 21 How can a complicated piece of work be made easier?

A Try to sit down and make a start anyway

B Make a list of questions beforehand

C Divide the large task into manageable smaller segments

D Manage the tasks one by one

Question 22 The word “daunting” in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to which of the following?

A frightening B demanding C challenging D discouraging

Question 23 What is NOT the benefit of keeping good class or lecture notes?

A The information is tailored to your learning style

B It enables you to find information quickly when needed

C The information is favorably organized to your liking

D You do not need to spend time on the books you are studying

Question 24 The most suitable phrase to replace the word "cram” in the last paragraph is

A study hard in a short time B stay up late to study

C revise hastily D revise overnight

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Exercise 1 Read the passage and choose the correct answer for each question

It’s often said that we learn things at the wrong time University students frequently do the minimum

of work because they’re crazy about a good social life instead Children often scream before their piano practice because it’s so boring They have to be given gold stars and medals to be persuaded to swim, or have to be bribed to take exams But the story is different when you’re older

Over the years, I’ve done my share of adult learning At 30, I went to a college and did courses in History

and English It was an amazing experience For starters, I was paying, so there was no reason to be late

– I was the one frowning and drumming my fingers if the tutor was late, not the other way round Indeed,

if I could persuade him to linger for an extra five minutes, it was a bonus, not a nuisance I wasn’t frightened to ask questions, and homework was a pleasure not a pain When I passed an exam, I had passed it for me and me alone, not for my parents or my teachers The satisfaction I got was entirely personal

Some people fear going back to school because they worry that their brains have got rusty But the joy

is that, although some parts have rusted up, your brain has learnt all kinds of other things since you were young It has learnt to think independently and flexibly and is much better at relating one thing to another What you lose in the rust department, you gain in the maturity department

In some ways, age is a positive plus For instance, when you’re older, you get less frustrated Experience has told you that, if you’re calm and simply do something carefully again and again, eventually you’ll get the hang of it The confidence you have in other areas – from being able to drive a car, perhaps – means that if you can’t, say, build a chair instantly, you don’t, like a child, want to destroy your first pathetic

attempts Maturity tells you that you will, with application, eventually get there

I hated piano lessons at school, but I was good at music And coming back to it, with a teacher who could explain why certain exercises were useful and with musical concepts that, at the age of ten, I could never grasp, was magical Initially, I did feel a bit strange, thumping out a piece that I’d played for my school exams, with just as little comprehension of what the composer intended as I’d had all those years before But soon, complex emotions that I never knew poured out from my fingers, and suddenly I could understand why practice makes perfect

Question 1 It is implied in paragraph 1 that

A parents should encourage young learners to study more

B young learners are usually lazy in their class

C young learners often lack a good motivation for learning

D teachers should give young learners less homework

Question 2 The writer’s main point in paragraph 2 is to show that as people grow up,

A they have a more positive attitude towards learning

B they cannot learn as well as younger learners

C they tend to learn less as they are discouraged

D they get more impatient with their teachers

Question 3 The phrase “For starters” in paragraph 2 could best be replaced by _

A First and foremost

B At the starting point

C At the beginning

D For beginners

Question 4 While doing some adult learning courses at a college, the writer was surprised _

A to get on better with the tutor

B to feel learning more enjoyable

C to have more time to learn

D to be able to learn more quickly

Question 5 In paragraph 3, the word “rusty” means _

A impatient because of having nothing to do

B not as good as it used to be through lack of practice

C staying alive and becoming more active

D covered with rust and not as good as it used to be

Question 6 The phrase “get there” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _

A arrive at an intended place with difficulty

B achieve your aim with hard work

C have the things you have long desired

D receive a school or college degree

Question 7 All of the following are true about adult learning EXCEPT

A adult learners have fewer advantages than young learners

B adults think more independently and flexibly than young people

C experience in doing other things can help one’s learning

D young people usually feel less patient than adults

Question 8 It can be inferred from paragraph 4 that maturity is a positive plus in the learning process because adult learners

A pay more attention to detail than younger learners

B are able to organize themselves better than younger learners

C are less worried about learning than younger learners

D have become more patient than younger learners

Question 9 It is implied in the last paragraph that when you learn later in life, you _

A should expect to take longer to learn than when you were younger

B can sometimes understand more than when you were younger

C are not able to concentrate as well as when you were younger

D find that you can recall a lot of things you learnt when younger

Question 10 What is the writer’s main purpose in the passage?

A To encourage adult learning

B To describe adult learning methods

C To show how fast adult learning is

D To explain reasons for learning

Exercise 2 Read the passage and choose the correct answer for each question

Surprisingly, no one knows how many children receive education in English hospitals, still less the content or quality of that education Proper records are just now kept

We know that more than 850,000 children go through hospital each year, and that every child of school age has a legal right to continue to receive education while in hospital We also know there is only one hospital teacher to every 1,000 children in hospital

Little wonder the latest survey concludes that the extent and type of hospital teaching available differ

a great deal across the country It found that half the hospitals in England which admit children have no teacher A further quarter have only a part - time teacher The special children’s hospitals in major cities

do best; general hospitals in the country and holiday areas are worst off

From this survey, one can estimate that fewer than one in five children have some contact with a hospital teacher - and that contact may be as little as two hours a day Most children interviewed were surprised

to find a teacher in hospital at all They had not been prepared for it by parents or their own school, if there was a teacher, they were much more likely to read books and do maths or number work; without a teacher they would only play games

Reasons for hospital teaching range from preventing a child falling behind and maintaining the habit

of school to keeping a child occupied, and the latter is often all the teacher can do The position and influence of many teachers was summed up when parents referred to them as “the library lady” or just

“the helper”

Children tend to rely on concerned school friends to keep in touch with school work Several parents spoke of requests for work being ignored or refused by the school Once back at school, children rarely get extra teaching, and are told to catch up as best they can

Many short - stay child - patients catch up quickly But schools do very little to ease the anxiety about Falling behind expressed by many of the children interviewed

Question 11 The writer of this article points out that

A every child in hospital receives some teaching

B not enough is known about hospital teaching

C hospital teaching is of poor quality

D many children pass through hospital each year

Question 12 This latest survey found that hospital teaching is provided

A for the whole of the usual school day

B in every children’s hospital in the country

C for a small proportion of children

D by full - time teachers

Question 13 It seems that the children interviewed in hospital

A liked having maths lessons regularly

B wanted to play games most of the time

C did not expect to receive any teaching

D did not want any contact with their schools

Question 14 It is suggested that most teachers of children in hospital were

A successful in getting the co - operation of parents

B unable to get help from other hospital staff

C unable to provide a proper teaching programme

D in a position of great influence in the hospital

Question 15 Some children in hospital are able to keep up with their school work because

A the nurses try to teach them

B their friends help them to do so

C teachers from the school come to the hospital

D their parents bring them books from the library

Exercise 3 Read the passage and choose the correct answer for each question

Increasing numbers of parents in the U.S are choosing to teach their children at home In fact, the U.S Department of Education has estimated that in 1999, about 850,000 children were being homeschooled

Some educational experts say that the real number is double this estimate, and the ranks of homeschooled

children seem to be growing at the average rate of about eleven percent every year

At one time, there was a theory accounting for homeschooling: it was traditionally used for students

who could not attend school because of behavioral or learning difficulties Today, however, more parents

are taking on the responsibility of educating their own children at home due to their dissatisfaction with

the educational system Many parents are unhappy about class size, as well as problems inside the classroom Teacher shortages and lack of funding mean that, in many schools, one teacher is responsible for thirty or forty students The children are, therefore, deprived of the attention they need Escalating classroom violence has also motivated some parents to remove their children from school

Although there have been a lot of arguments for and against it, homeschooling in the U.S has become

a multi-million dollar industry, and it is growing bigger and bigger There are now plenty of websites, support groups, and conventions that help parents protect their rights and enable them to learn more about educating their children Though once it was the only choice for troubled children, homeschooling today

is an accepted alternative to an educational system that many believe is failing

Question 16 The number of parents who want to teach their own children in the U.S is _

Question 17 The past participle “homeschooled” in the first paragraph is best equivalent to “ _

at home”

Question 18 This estimated number was presented by

Question 19 According to some experts, the exact number of homeschooled children then must be _

Question 20 The closest synonym of the participle phrase “accounting for” in the second

paragraph is

A explaining B reasoning

C counting for D calculating documents of

Question 21 More parents teach their children because they completely _ the current educational system

A please with B object to C appeal to D approve of

Question 22 The noun “dissatisfaction” in this paragraph is best equivalent to “ _”

A disappointment B disagreement C discrimination D discouragement

Question 23 Many parents stop their children from going to school because it is now too _ for them

Question 24 The word “arguments” at the beginning of the third paragraph can be best replaced

by _

Question 25 The attitude of the author towards homeschooling can be best described as _

A acceptable B remarkable C favorable D unfavorable

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Read the following passage and mark the letter А, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 1 to 8

Learning means acquiring knowledge or developing the ability to perform new behaviors It is common

to think of learning as something that takes place in school, but much of human learning occurs outside the classroom, and people continue to learn throughout their lives

Even before they enter school, young children learn to walk, to talk, and to use their hands to manipulate toys, food, and other objects They use all of their senses to learn about the sights, sounds, tastes, and smells in their environments They learn how to interact with their parents, siblings, friends, and other people important to their world When they enter school, children learn basic academic subjects such as reading, writing, and mathematics They also continue to learn a great deal outside the classroom They learn which behaviors are likely to be rewarded and which are likely to be punished They learn social skills for interacting with other children After they finish school, people must learn to adapt to the many major changes that affect their lives, such as getting married, raising children, and finding and keeping a job

Because learning continues throughout our lives and affects almost everything we do, the study of learning is important in many different fields Teachers need to understand the best ways to educate children Psychologists, social workers, criminologists, and other human-service workers need to understand how certain experiences change people’s behaviors Employers, politicians, and advertisers make use of the principles of learning to influence the behavior of workers, voters, and consumers Learning is closely related to memory, which is the storage of information in the brain Psychologists who study memory are interested in how the brain stores knowledge, where this storage takes place, and

how the brain later retrieves knowledge when we need it In contrast, psychologists who study learning

are more interested in behavior and how behavior changes as a result of a person’s experiences There are many forms of learning, ranging from simple to complex Simple forms of learning involve

a single stimulus A stimulus is anything perceptible to the senses, such as a sight, sound, smell, touch, or taste In a form of learning known as classical conditioning, people learn to associate two stimuli that occur in sequence, such as lightning followed by thunder In operant conditioning, people learn by forming

an association between a behavior and its consequences (reward or punishment) People and animals can also learn by observation - that is, by watching others perform behaviors More complex forms of learning include learning languages, concepts, and motor skills

Question 1: According to the passage, which of the following is learning in broad view comprised of?

A Knowledge acquisition and ability development

B Acquisition of social and behavioural skills

C Acquisition of academic knowledge

D Knowledge acquisition outside the classroom

Question 2: According to the passage, what are children NOT usually taught outside the classroom?

A interpersonal communication

B life skills

C literacy and calculation

D right from wrong

Question 3: Getting married, raising children, and finding and keeping a job are mentioned in paragraph

2 as examples of

A the changes to which people have to orient themselves

B the situations in which people cannot teach themselves

C the ways people’s lives are influenced by education

D the areas of learning which affect people’s lives

Question 4: According to the passage, the study of learning is important in many fields due to

A the need for certain experiences in various areas

B the exploration of the best teaching methods

C the great influence of the on-going learning process

D the influence of various behaviours in the learning process

Question 5: It can be inferred from the passage that social workers, employers, and politicians concern themselves with the study of learning because they need to

A change the behaviours of the objects of their interest towards learning

B thoroughly understand the behaviours of the objects of their interest

C make the objects of their interest more aware of the importance of learning

D understand how a stimulus relates to the senses of the objects of their interest

Question 6: The word “retrieves” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _

A generates B creates C recovers D gains

Question 7: Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?

A Psychologists studying memory are concerned with how the stored knowledge is used

B Psychologists studying memory are concerned with the brain’s storage of knowledge

C Psychologists are all interested in memory as much as behaviours

D Psychologists studying learning are interested in human behaviours

Question 8: According to the passage, the stimulus in simple forms of learning

A bears relation to perception

B is created by the senses

C is associated with natural phenomena

D makes associations between behaviours

Read the following passage and mark the letter А, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions from 9 to 16

It’s often said that we learn things at the wrong time University students frequently do the minimum

of work because they’re crazy about a good social life instead Children often scream before their piano practice because it’s so boring They have to be given gold stars and medals to be persuaded to swim, or have to be bribed to take exams But the story is different when you’re older

Over the years, I’ve done my share of adult learning At 30, I went to a college and did courses in History and English It was an amazing experience For starters, I was paying, so there was no reason to

be late – I was the one frowning and drumming my fingers if the tutor was late, not the other way round Indeed, if I could persuade him to linger for an extra five minutes, it was a bonus, not a nuisance I wasn’t

frightened to ask questions, and homework was a pleasure not a pain When I passed an exam, I had passed it for me and me alone, not for my parents or my teachers The satisfaction I got was entirely personal

Some people fear going back to school because they worry that their brains have got rusty But the joy

is that, although some parts have rusted up, your brain has learnt all kinds of other things since you were young It has learnt to think independently and flexibly and is much better at relating one thing to another What you lose in the rust department, you gain in the maturity department

In some ways, age is a positive plus For instance, when you’re older, you get less frustrated Experience has told you that, if you’re calm and simply do something carefully again and again, eventually you’ll get the hang of it The confidence you have in other areas – from being able to drive a car, perhaps – means that if you can’t, say, build a chair instantly, you don’t, like a child, want to destroy your first pathetic attempts Maturity tells you that you will, with application, eventually get there

Question 9: It is implied in paragraph 1 that _

A young learners are usually lazy in their class

B teachers should give young learners less homework

C young learners often lack a good motivation for learning

D parents should encourage young learners to study more

Question 10: The writer's main point in paragraph 2 is to show that as people grow up,

A they cannot learn as well as younger learners

B they have a more positive attitude towards learning

C they tend to learn less as they are discouraged

D they get more impatient with their teachers

Question 11: While doing some adult learning courses at a college, the writer was surprised

_

A to have more time to learn B to be able to learn more quickly

C to feel learning more enjoyable D to get on better with the tutor

Question 12: In paragraph 3, the word "rusty" means

A not as good as it used to be through lack of practice

B impatient because of having nothing to do

C covered with rust and not as good as it used to be

D staying alive and becoming more active

Question 13: All of the following are true about adult learning EXCEPT

A experience in doing other things can help one`s learning

B young people usually feel less patient than adults

C adults think more independently and flexibly than young people

D adult learners have fewer advantages than young learners

Question 14: It can be inferred from paragraph 4 that maturity is a positive plus in the learning process because adult learners _

A pay more attention to detail than younger learners

B have become more patient than younger learners

C are less worried about learning than younger learners

D are able to organize themselves better than younger learners