Advanced Computer Networks: Lecture 38. This lecture will cover the following: real time applications; taxonomy of applications; integrated services: resource reservation protocol (RSVP); mechanisms to support integrated services; integrated services example; flow specification components;...
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CS716 Advanced Computer Networks
By Dr. Amir Qayyum
Trang 2Lecture No. 38
Trang 3D A
Trang 4• Each packet has “playback time” based on delay
• But network delay is variable
Trang 5• Some packets (15%) still lost, but tolerable
• Early packets are buffered until playback time
Trang 6Network delay
Buffer
Playback
Time
Packet arrival
Trang 7Delay (milliseconds)
Trang 8Taxonomy of Applications
Trang 9Taxonomy
Applications Real time
Tolerant Adaptive Nonadaptive
Delay-adaptive
adaptive
Rate-Intolerant Rate-adaptive Nonadaptive
Interactive Interactive
bulk
Asynchronous Elastic
Trang 11• Delay adaptive: adjust to achieved delay
• Rate adaptive: adjust to achieved throughput
Trang 12Integrated Services : Resource Reservation Protocol
(RSVP)
Trang 14• Best effort
Trang 15• Resource reservation: protocol for exchanging
flowspecs, performing admission control, etc.
• Packet classification: mapping packets to flows
• Packet scheduling: forwarding policy
Trang 19Flows with Equal Average Rates but Different Token Bucket Descriptions
Trang 20Unrealistic Expectations …
• “In general, it is good to be as explicit about the bandwidth needs of an
application as possible ”
• How much bandwidth does your
browser need? What about buffering? Please be explicit!
Trang 21r tokens/sec Token Bucket,
Capacity B
Trang 22Token Bucket
• Given a rate r and a finite data trace, what
is minimum bucket capacity B such that the filter has no effect?
Trang 23Token Bucket
Trang 24– Scheduling: manage queues so each packet receives the requested service
Trang 25– Receiveroriented
• RSVP uses two messages
– PATH transmitted by source every 30 sec – Destination responds with RESV message
• Requirements must be merged for multicast
Trang 2626
Trang 27Multicast
• RSVP addresses disparate delay requirements
• Can different rates be supported?
Trang 28RSVP Solution
• Break data into ordered layers
• Deliver subset of layers to each receiver
Trang 29Integrated Services –
Scalability Issue
• Perflow monitoring at routers requires perflow state information at routers
• An OC48 link can carry 39,000 audio streams at 64 Kbps each
Trang 30Differentiated Services
• Problem with IntServ: scalability
• Goal: use small number of classes to provide scalable solution
• Idea: support two classes of packets
– Premium (like firstclass)
– Besteffort, regular (like bulk mail)
• Diffserv proposes 6 bits of IP ToS field (64 classes)
Trang 34• Edge routes can mark packets as “in” or
“out”
Trang 36– Supports receiver heterogeneity
Trang 37RSVP versus ATM (Q.2931)
• ATM
– Sender generates connection request – Hard state (explicit delete)
– Concurrent with route establishment – QoS is static for life of connection (except ABR)
– Uniform QoS to all receivers