CHUYÊN ĐỀ 4 CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG (THE PASSIVE) PASSIVE FORM ( CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG) 1 Với động từ NEED Active need + to infinitive Pasive need + V ing need + to be + PP Ví dụ John needs to be told the truth The house needs repainting The house needs to be repainted 2 Với động từ theo sau là to infinitive hoặc gerund Ví dụ I hope to be invited to their wedding They wanted the story to be told again She avoided being disturbed I want these dishes to have been washed when I come back She forgot having been given.
Trang 1CHUYÊN ĐỀ 4: CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG (THE PASSIVE)
PASSIVE FORM ( CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG)
1 Với động từ NEED
*Active: need + to- infinitive
* Pasive: need + V-ing …
need + to be + PP
Ví dụ: John needs to be told the truth
The house needs repainting
The house needs to be repainted
2 Với động từ theo sau là to-infinitive hoặc gerund
Ví dụ: I hope to be invited to their wedding
They wanted the story to be told again
She avoided being disturbed
I want these dishes to have been washed when I come back
She forgot having been given a big sum of money that day
3 Với động từ chỉ giác quan (verbs of perception)
Các động từ chỉ giác quan: see, watch, hear, smell, taste, notice, feel,
Ví dụ: They saw the man run away → The man was seen to run away
They saw the man running away → The man was seen running away
4 Với động từ MAKE và LET.
Ví dụ: The manager made all the employees work at the weekend
=> All the employees were made to work at the weekend
She lets her son play computer games on Sunday afternoon
=> Her son is allowed to play computer games on Sunday afternoon
5 Với thể nhờ, bảo (Causative form)
=>Ta dùng động từ have hoặc get
Trang 2
Ví dụ: I had a technician repair my computer
=> I had my computer repaired by a technician
I got a technician to repair my computer
=> I got my computer repaired by a technician
6 Với động từ tường thuật hoặc bày tỏ ý kiến (verbs of reporting or opinion)
Động từ tường thuật: say, claim, report, show
Động từ bày tỏ ý kiến: think, believe, consider, expect, feel, hope, know, prove, expect, reporrt, suppose, understand ……
Dạng 1:
Active: People/They + V1 + (that) + S + V2
Passive: It + be + PP (V1) + (that) + S + V2
Ví dụ: People believe that the weather is changing dramatically
=> It is believed that the weather is changing dramatically
They said that he served in the army
=> It was said that he served in the army
Dạng 2:
Active: People/They + V1+ (that) + S + V2
Passive: S + be + PP(V1) + to-V2 (chủ động)
to be + PP (V2) (bị động)
to be + V2-ing (tiếp diễn)
to have + PP (V2) (hoàn thành)
to have been + PP (V2) (hoàn thành bị động)
Ví dụ: 1 They say that he is 100 years old
=> He is said to be 100 years old
2 People believe that rice is grown well in the Mekong Delta
=> Rice is believed to be grown well in ihe Mekong Delta
3 They thought that he was working in the office
=> He was thought to be have been working in the office
4 People say that he served in the army
=> He is said to have served in the army
5 People say that the project has been completed
=> The project is said to have been completed
7 Với câu có 2 tân ngữ
Ví dụ: She GAVE ME A BOOK = She GAVE A BOOK TO ME
=> I was given a book (by her) = A book was given to me (by her)
- Một số Động từ thường đi với dạng này:
+ give sb sth/ give sth to sb (tặng, đưa ai cái gì)
+ send sb sth/ send sth to sb (gửi ai cái gì)
+ show sb sth/ show sth to sb (chỉ cho ai cái gì)
+ tell sb sth/ tell sth to sb (kể ai chuyện gì)
+ pay sb sth/ pay sth to sb (trả ai cái gì)
+ bring sb sth/ bring sth to sb (mang cho ai cái gì)
Trang 3+ lend sb sth/ lend sth to sb (cho ai mượn gì)
+ borrow sb sth/ borrow sth from sb (mượn ai cái gì)
+ offer sb sth/ offer sth to sb (mời ai cái gì)
+ buy sb sth / buy sth for sb (mua cái gì cho ai)
=> Chú ý: để công thức được gọn chúng ta mặc định 1 Tân ngữ là NGƯỜI, 1 Tân ngữ là VẬT, nhưng có thể nhưng tân ngữ này cả người cả vật => cần linh hoạt trong các trường hợp khác)
8 Động từ gây ra 1 hành động khác cho tân ngữ
Vd: They ASKED ME TO GO out => I WAS ASKED TO GO out (by them)
- Một số Động từ thuộc dạng này:
=> make sb do sth: bắt ai làm gì
=> asked sb to do sth: yêu cầu ai làm gì
=> tell sb to do sth: bảo ai làm gì
=> expect sb to do sth: mong đợi ai làm gì
=> force sb to do sth: bắt ai làm gì
=> allow sb to do sth: cho phép ai làm gì
=> order sb to do sth: ra lệnh cho ai làm gì.
=> encourage sb to do sth: khuyến khích ai làm gì
=> let sb do sth: cho phép ai làm gì.
9 Câu Chủ động có NOBODY/ NO ONE/ NOTHING làm Chủ ngữ
=> câu Bị động sẽ chuyển sang thể PHỦ ĐỊNH và BỎ BY + O
Ví dụ: 1 Nobody cleaned the house last week
=> The house wasn’t cleaned last week
2 Nothing can change my mind
=> My mind can’t be changed
10 Câu CHỦ động có dạng PHỦ ĐỊNH + ANYTHING/ ANYBODY/ ANYONE làm Tân ngữ
=> câu BỊ động sẽ chuyển về NOTHING/ NOBODY/ NO ONE làm Chủ ngữ
Ví dụ: 1 We can’t do anything now
=> Nothing can be done now
2 We haven’t told anybody about it
=> Nobody has been told about it
11 It is sb's duty to inf => Sb (be) supposed to inf
Ví dụ: It's your duty to do this work
=> You are supposed to do this work
12 It is impossible to do sth => Sth can't be done
Ví dụ: It is impossible to repair that machine
=> That machine can't be repaired
13 S + V + Ving + O => S + V + O being + P.P
Ví dụ: We enjoy writing letters
=> We enjoy letters being written
14 S + recommend / suggest + Ving + O
=> S + recommend / suggest that S + should be p.p
Ví dụ: He recommends building a house
=> He recommends that a house should be built
15 Các động từ dùng “with” thay cho “by” : crowd , fill , cover
Trang 4Ví dụ: Clouds cover the sky
=> The sky is covered with clouds
16 Vị trí của trạng ngữ trong câu bị động
+ Nếu có yếu tố thời gian thì để nó sau "by+ O"
+ Nếu có yếu tố nơi chốn thì để nó trước "by+ O"
=> Nơi chốn + BY+ O + Thời gian
Ví dụ: Mr Xuan built that house in Ca Mau in 2010
=> That house was built in Ca Mau by Mr Xuan in 2010
17 Nếu có trạng từ chỉ thể cách thì để nó đứng giữa BE và PP
Ví dụ: Scientists have studied the problem carefully
=> The problem has carefully been studied by scientists
18 Bị động kép (Double passive)
+ Bị động kép nằm trong cùng một mệnh đề
Ví dụ: 1 They ordered the man to be shot
=> The man was ordered to be shot
2 They opened the door and stole some pictures
=> The door was opened and some pictures were stolen
+ Bị động kép xuất hiện ở các mệnh đề trong câu
Ví dụ: I can assure you that I will arrange everything in time
=> You can be assured that everything will be arranged in time
19 Cấu trúc bị động với chủ ngữ giả “it”.
It + be + adj + (for sb) + to do st
=> It + be + adj + for st to be done
Ví dụ: It is not difficult to do this exercise
=> It is not difficult for this exercise to be done
20 Bị động với câu mệnh lệnh thức
Dạng chủ động: V + O ….
Bị động: S + should/must + be + PP
Let + O + be + PP
Ví dụ: 1 Clean the floor!
=> The floor should be cleaned!
2 Write your name here
=> Let your name be written here
Dạng chủ động: Don’t +V + O ….
Bị động: S + shouldn’t/mustn’t + be + PP
Let + O + not + be + PP
Ví dụ: Don’t insult the weak
=> Let the weak not be insulted
21 Một số nội động từ vẫn có hình thức bị động Trong trường hợp này động từ phải
đi kèm với giới từ
Ví dụ: 1 The Queen slept in this bed
=> This bed was slept in by the Queen
2 Someone will care for her children while she is away
=> Her children will be cared for while she is away
BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG: CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG
Exercise 1: Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences
Trang 51 The ozone layer _ harmful radiation from the sun
A prevents B is prevented C is preventing D is being prevented
2 Are you interested in the job ?
A they are offered you B they have offered you
C you being offered D you be offering
3 Vietnamese goods _ to many European countries
A have exported B have been exported
C have been exporting D have being exported
4 We expect students _ during the examinations
A not to talk B not to be talked C not talking D not being talked
5 This kind of cloth in warm water only
A must wash B must be washing C must be washed D must washed
6 Have you got the advisor _ the issue?
A to examine B examining C to be examined D examined
7 When we talked about the accident, no names _
A were mentioning B to be mentioning
C were mentioned D to be mentioned
8 Harvard University _ as one of the best universities in the world for hundreds
of years
A has regarded B is regarded C has been regarded D regards
9 The Norman is said England in 1066
A to have invaded B to have been invaded
C to invade D to be invaded
10 Jack accepted _ for his brother’s fault
A to punish B to be punished C punish D being punished
Exercise 2: Choose the correct option to complete the sentences
1 I’m going to go out and ( Tôi sẽ ra ngoài và đi cắt tóc)
A cut my hair B my hair be cut C have my hair cut D have cut my hair
2 Lots of houses by the earthquake
A are destroying B destroyed C is destroyed D were destroyed
3 Gold in California in the 19th century
A was discovered B was discover C they discover D has been discovered
4 We got our mail yesterday ( Chúng tôi đã nhận đc thư hôm qua)
A delivered B delivering C to deliver D been delivered
5 We by a loud noise during the night
A are woken up B were waking up C woke up D were woken up
6 Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony next weekend
A will be performing B is going to be performed
C has been performed D will have perform
7 It was announced that neither the passengers nor the driver in the crash
A injured B were injured C was injured D had injured
8 I must go to the dentist and _
A take care of my teeth B get my teeth to take care of
C get my teeth taken care of: để răng mình được chăm sóc D my teeth be taken care of
9 No one enjoys _ in public
Trang 6A to be made fun of B making fun of
C being made fun of D to make fun of
10 There a number of reasons for the falloff the Roman Empire
A are said to have been B are said being
C said to be D was said being
11 “Your kitchen is fantastic! Did you do it all by yourself?” – “No, I by a professional ”
A have it to be designed B had designed it
C designed it D had it designed
12 yet? Bức thư này đã được đánh máy xong chưa?
A Have been the letters typed B Have the letters typed
C Have the letters been typed D Had the letters typed
13 Ted by a bee while he was sitting in the garden
A get stung B gets stung C got sting D got stung
14 Sarah is wearing a blouse It of cotton
15.The rumors go that Jack will be arrested He is said _ a bloody robbery
A to take part in B to have taken part in
C to have joined in D to join in
16 I suggest the room before Christmas
A be decorated B were decorated C should decorate D is decorated
17 Bicycles in the driveway
A must not have left B must not be left C must not be leaving D must not leave
18 Football is thought _ in the world
A to have been the most popular sport B to have played the most popular sport
C to play the most popular sport D to be the most popular sport
19 Maria Jannings is said her memory
A to have lost B to be lost C to lose D to have been lost
20 Why did Tom keep making jokes about me? – I don’t enjoy at
A being laughed B laughing C to be laughed D be laughed
21 The preparation by the time the guest
A had finished - were arriving B have been finished - were arrived
C had been finished – arrived D have finished - arrived
22 It seems that no-one predicted the correct result
A No-one seem to have predicted the correct result
B No-one seems to has predicted the correct result
C No-one seems have predicted the correct result
D No-one seems to have predicted the correct result
23 Black, red, and even bright pink diamonds
A have occasionally been found B have occasionally found
C occasionally found D occasionally to find
24 James the news as soon as possible
A should be telled B should told C should tell D should be told
25 The story I’ve just read Agatha Christie
A was written by B was written from
Trang 7C was written D wrote by
25 References in the examination room
A are not used B not are used C is not used D didn’t used
26 We can’t go along here because the road
A is being repaired B repairs C is repaired D is repairing
27 Some film stars difficult to work with
A are said be B say to be C said to be D are said to be
28.Today, many serious childhood diseases by early immunization
A are preventing B prevent C can be prevented D can prevent 29.Body language communication effectively
A knew to have been enhanced B was known to be enhanced
C has known to enhance D is known to enhance
30.The boy by the teacher yesterday
A was punished B punish C punished D punishing
Exercise 3: Choose the best option a,b,c,d that has the most suitable meaning with the one given.
1 Some body cleans the room every day.
a The room every day is cleaned
b The room is every day cleaned
c The room is cleaned every day
d The room is cleaned by somebody every day
2 They cancelled all flights because of fog.
a All flights because of fog were cancelled
b All flights were cancelled because of fog
c All flights were because of fog cancelled
d All flights were cancelled by them because of fog
3 People don't use this road very often.
a This road is not used very often
b Not very often this road is not used
c This road very often is not used
d This road not very often is used
4 Somebody accused me of stealing money.
a I was accused by somebody of stealing money
b I was accused of stealing money
c I was accused of stealing money by somebody
d I was accused stealing money
5 How do people learn languages?
a How are languages learned?
b How are languages learned by people?
c How languages are learned?
d Languages are learned how?
6 People warned us not to go out alone.
a We were warned not going out alone
b We were warned not to go out alone by people
c We weren't warned to go out alone
d We were warned not to go out alone
Trang 87 Somebody is using the computer at the moment.
a The computer is being use at the moment
b The computer at the moment is being used
c The computer is being used by some body at the moment
d The computer is used at the moment
8 I didn't realize that somebody was recording our conversation.
a I didn’t realize that our conversation was recorded
b I didn't realize that our conversation was being recorded
c I didn't realize that our conversation was being recorded by someone
d Our conversation wasn't realized to be recorded
9 We found that they had cancelled the game.
a We found that the fame had been cancelled (Chúng tôi phát hiện ra rằng trò chơi đã bị hủy bỏ)
b The game had been cancelled
c We found that the game had been cancelled by them
d The game were found to be cancelled
10 They are building a new highway around the city.
a A new highway is being built around the city
b A new highway is being built around the city by them
c A new highway around the city is being built
d Around the city a new highway is being built
11 They have built a new hospital near the airport.
a A new hospital has been built near the airport by them
b A new hospital near the airport has been built
c A new hospital has been built near the airport
d Near the airport a new hospital has been
12 People should send their complaints to the head office.
a Complaints should be sent to the head office
b Complaints should be sent to the head office by people
c Their complaints should be sent to the head office by people
d Their complaints to the head office should be sent
13 They had to postpone the meeting because of illness.
a The meeting had to be postponed because of illness
b The meeting had to because of illness be postponed
c The meeting had to be postponed by them because of illness
d The meeting because of illness had to be postponed
14 Somebody might have stolen our car.
a Somebody might have been stolen your car
b Your car might be stolen
c Your car might have been stolen by somebody
d Your car might have been stolen
15 An electrical fault could have caused the fire.
a An electrical fault could have been caused by the fire
b An electrical fault could have caused the fire
c The fire could have been caused by a electrical fault
d The fire could have caused an electrical fault
Trang 916 They are going to hold next year's congress in San Francisco.
a Congress is going to be held next year in San Francisco
b Congress in San Francisco is going to be held next year
c Next year's congress is going to be held by them held next year
d Next year's congress is going to be held in San Francisco
17 They shouldn't have played the football match in such bad weather.
a The football match shouldn't have been played in such bad weather
b The football match shouldn't have been played by them in such bad weather
c The football match shouldn't be played in such bad weather
d The football match shouldn't have played in such bad weather
18 The bill includes service
a Service is included by the bill
b Service included in the bill
c Service is included in: được bao gồm trong the bill
d Service is in the bill
19 They have changed the date of the meeting
a The date of the meeting has been changed
b The date of the meeting has been changed by them
c The meeting has been changed the date
d The date of the meeting has changed
20 Brian told me that somebody had tracked him in the street.
a I was told by Brian that somebody had attacked him in the street
b I was told by Brian that he had been attacked in the street
c Brain told me to have been attacked in the street
d Brian told me that he had been attacked in the street
21 They will ask you a lot of questions at the interview.
a You will be asked a lot of questions at the interview
b You will be asked a lot of questions at the interview by them
c A lot of questions will be asked you at the interview
d A lot of questions will be asked at the interview
22 Nobody told me that George was ill.
a I was told that
b I wasn't told that George was ill
c George wasn't told to be it
d George was told not to be ill
23 His colleagues gave him a present when he retired.
a He was given a present when he retired
b A present was given by his colleagues when he retired
c He was given a present by his colleagues when he retired
d A present was given him when he retired
24 We will send you the results as soon as they are ready.
a You will be sent the results as soon as they are ready
b You will be sent the results as soon as they are ready by us
c The results will be sent you by us as soon as they are ready
d The results will be sent you as soon as they are ready by us
25 I think they should have offered Tom the job.
Trang 10a I think Tom should have been offered the job by them.
b I think Tom should have been offered the job
c I am thought they should have offered Tom the job
d I think the job should have been offered Tom
26 They say that many people are homeless after the tsunami.
a They say many people to have been homeless after the tsunami
b They say many people to be homeless after the tsunami
c Many people are said to have been homeless after the tsunami
d Many people are said to be homeless after the tsunami
27 They know that the Prime Minister is in favour of the new law.
a The Prime Minister is known to have been in favour of the new law
b They know the Prime Minister to be in favour of the new law
c The Prime Minister is known to be in favour of the new law
d They know the Prime Minister to have been in favour of the new law
28 They expect that the government will lose the election.
( Chính phủ dự kiến sẽ bị thua trong cuộc bầu cử)
a The government is expected to have lost the election
b The government is expected to lose the election
c They expect the government to lose the election
d They expect the government have lost election
29 They think that the prisoner escaped by climbing over the wall.
( Tù nhân được cho là đã thoát bằng cách trèo tường)
a The prisoner is thought to escape by climbing over the wall
b The prisoner is thought escaped by climbing over the wall
c The prisoner is thought having escaped by climbing over the wall
d The prisoner is thought to have escaped by climbing over the wall
30 They believe that the thieves got in through the kitchen window.
( Bọn trộm được cho là đã vào nhà qua cửa sổ nhà bếp)
a The thieves are believed to have got in through the kitchen window
b The thieves are believed to get in through the kitchen window
c They believe the thieves got in through the kitchen window
d They believe the thieves have got in through the kitchen window
31 They report that over 200,000 people were killed in the tsunami.
a Over 200,000 people are reported to have been killed in the tsunami
b Over 200,000 people are reported to be killed in the tsunami
c Over 200,000 people are reported to have killed in the tsunami
d Over 200,000 people are reported to kill in the tsunami
32 They say that three men were arrested after the explosion.
a Three men are said to be arrested after the explosion
b Three men are said to have been arrested after the explosion
c Three mend are said to have arrested after the explosion
d Three men are said to arrest after the explosion
33 The boys carried the box into the room.
a The box was carried by the boys into the room
b The box was carried into the room
c The box into the room was carried by the boys