AutoCAD 2022 Beginning and Intermediate

This book is the most comprehensive book you will find on AutoCAD 2022 – 2D Drafting. Covering all of the 2D concepts, it uses both metric and imperial units to illustrate the myriad drawing and editing tools for this popular application. Use the companion files to set up drawing exercises and projects and see all of the book’s figures in color(Available for downloading with Amazon proof of purchase by writing to infomerclearning.com). AutoCAD 2022 Beginning and Intermediate includes over 100 exercises or “miniworkshops,” that complete small projects from concept through actual plotting. Solving all of the workshops will simulate the creation of three projects (architectural and mechanical) from beginning to end, without overlooking any of the basic commands and functions in AutoCAD 2022. Features +Covers only the basics and uses both metric and imperial units to illustrate the myriad tools for this popular application +Companion files can be used to set up intext drawing exercises and projects and to see the book’s figures in color (Available for downloading with Amazon proof of purchase by writing to infomerclearning.com.) +Helps you to prepare for the AutoCAD Certified Professional exam Brief Table of Contents 1: AutoCAD 2022 Basics. 2: Precise Drafting in AutoCAD 2022. 3: Modifying Commands Part 1. 4: Modifying Commands Part 2. 5: Layers and Inquiry Commands 6: Blocks and Hatches. 7: Writing Text. 8: Dimensions. 9: Plotting. 10: Projects. 11: More on 2D Objects. 12: Advanced Practices − Part 1. 13: Advanced Practices − Part 2. 14: Using Block Tools and Block Editing. 15: Creating Text Table Styles and Formulas in Tables. 16: Dimension Multileader Styles. 17: Plot Style, Annotative, and DWF Files. 18: How to Create a Template File and Interface Customization. 19: Parametric Constraints. 20: Dynamic Blocks. 21: Block Attributes. 22: External Referencing (Xref). 23: Sheet Sets. 24: CAD Standards and Advanced Layers. 25: Importing PDF Files, and Design Views. 26. Drawing Compare. Index. About the Author Munir Hamad is an AutoDesk® Approved Instructor and certified AutoDesk AutoCAD Master, who has authored several AutoCAD titles and taught various levels of AutoCAD training.

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Munir M Hamad

Autodesk ™ Approved Instructor

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Preface xxiii About the Book xxv

Chapter 1 AutoCAD 2022 Basics 1

Chapter 2 Precise Drafting in AutoCAD 2022 25

2.3 What Is Dynamic Input in AutoCAD? 27

2.3.2 Example for Specifying Lengths and Angles 29Practice 2-1 Drawing Lines Using Dynamic Input 292.4 Exact Angles (Ortho vs Polar Tracking) 30

2.6 Drawing Circles Using Circle Command 372.7 Drawing Circular Arcs Using Arc Command 382.8 Object Snaps Related to Circles and Arcs 402.9 Using Object Snap Tracking with OSNAP 40Practice 2-4a Drawing Using OSNAP and OTRACK 42Practice 2-4b Drawing Using OSNAP and OTRACK 452.10 Drawing Lines and Arcs Using

Chapter 3 Modifying Commands Part I 57

3.1.7 Last (L), Previous (P), and All Modes 613.1.8 Other Methods to Select Objects 61

Practice 3-9 Lengthening and Joining Objects 80

3.14 Grips and Perpendicular and Tangent OSNAPs 86Practice 3-10 Using Grips to Edit Objects 87

Chapter 4 Modifying Commands Part II 93

4.2.1 Offsetting Using the Offset Distance Option 944.2.2 Offsetting Using the Through Option 95

4.4.2 Chamfering Using Distance and Angle 101

4.7 Arraying Objects – Rectangular Array 107

4.7.2 Using the Array Creation Context Tab 1094.7.3 Editing a Rectangular Array Using Grips 1104.7.4 Editing a Rectangular Array Using the Context Tab 1114.7.5 Editing a Rectangular Array Using Quick Properties 112Practice 4-7 Arraying Objects Using

Practice 4-8 Arraying Objects Using Path 119

Practice 4-9 Arraying Objects Using Polar Array 122

Chapter 5 Layers and Inquiry Commands 129

5.2 Creating and Setting Layer Properties 131

5.2.2 How to Set a Color for a Layer 1325.2.3 How to Set the Linetype for Layers 1335.2.4 How to Set a Lineweight for Layers 134

Practice 5-1 Creating and Setting Layer Properties 136

5.3.1 Controlling Layer Visibility, Locking, and Plotting 137

5.3.3 How to Make an Object’s Layer the Current Layer 1405.3.4 How to Undo Only Layer Actions 1405.3.5 Moving Objects from One Layer to Another 1415.4 While You are at the Layer

5.5 Changing an Object’s Layer, Quick

5.5.1 Reading Instantaneous Information About an Object 1445.5.2 How to Move an Object from a Layer to Another Layer 145

Chapter 6 Blocks and Hatch 159

Practice 6-3 Inputting Hatch and Controlling Hatch Properties 175

6.9.1 How to Create Associative Hatching 1786.9.2 How to Make Your Hatch Annotative 1796.9.3 Using Match Properties to Create Identical Hatches 179

6.9.5 Creating Separate Hatches in the Same Command 181

Practice 6-5 Hatch Boundary and Hatch Editing 188

7.1 Writing Text Using Single Line Text 191Practice 7-1 Creating Text Style and Single Line Text 192

7.3.2 Quick Properties and Properties 206

7.4 Spelling Check and Find and Replace 208

Practice 8-1 Inserting Linear, Aligned, and Angular Dimensions 2198.6 How to Insert an Arc-Length Dimension 220

Practice 8-2 Inserting Arc Length, Radius, and

8.10 How to Insert an Ordinate Dimension 225

8.11 Inserting a Series of Dimensions

8.12 Inserting a Series of Dimensions

8.16 Editing a Dimension Block Using Grips 2338.17 Editing a Dimension Block Using the

9.6.1 Adding Single Rectangular Viewports 2529.6.2 Adding Multiple Rectangular Viewports 253

9.6.4 Creating Viewports by Converting Existing Objects 2569.6.5 Creating Viewports by Clipping Existing Viewports 2579.6.6 Dealing with Viewports after Creation 258

Practice 9-2 Creating and Controlling Viewports 263

9.10 Plot Command 264

Chapter 10 Projects 269

10.1 How to Prepare Your Drawing

10.7 Mechanical Project – II (Imperial) 294

Chapter 11 More on 2D Objects 297

11.3.2 Using the Length and Angle of One of the Edges 302Practice 11-1 Drawing Rectangles and Polygons 303

11.5 Drawing Using the Revision Cloud Command 304Practice 11-2 Drawing a Donut and a Revision Cloud 308

11.6.5 Fit, Spline, and Decurve Options 311

11.7.2 Using Rays 317Practice 11-4 Using Construction Lines and Rays 31811.8 Using Point Style and Point Command 319

11.9.3 Using Divide and Measure Commands with Block Option 322Practice 11-5 Using Point Style, Point, Divide,

11.10.1 Using the Fit Points Method 32411.10.2 Using the Control Vertices Method 325

Practice 11-6 Using the Spline Command 327

11.11.1 Drawing an Ellipse Using the Center Option 32911.11.2 Drawing an Ellipse Using Axis Points 329

Practice 11-7 Using the Ellipse Command 330

11.13.1 Performing Boolean Operations on Regions 334

Chapter 12 Advanced Practices – Part I 339

12.1.3 System Variable: Offsetgaptype 340

Practice 12-1 Using Advanced Options in Offset, Trim, and Extend 342

12.4 Copy/Paste Objects and Match

12.4.3 Using the Drag-and-Drop Method 34512.4.4 Match Properties Across Files 345

Practice 12-2 Using Match Properties, Copy/Paste Across Files 34612.5 Sharing Excel and Word Content in AutoCAD 34712.5.1 Sharing Data Coming from Microsoft Word 34712.5.2 Sharing Data Coming from Microsoft Excel 34912.5.3 Pasting a Linked Table from Excel 349Practice 12-3 Sharing Excel and Word Content in AutoCAD 354

Practice 12-4 Hyperlinking AutoCAD Objects 356

12.8.3 Creating a Named Viewport

12.8.4 Creating a Named Viewport

Practice 12-6 Using Views and Viewports 368

Chapter 13 Advanced Practices - Part II 373

13.2 Using Select Similar and Add Selected 376

13.3 What Is Object Visibility in AutoCAD? 378Practice 13-2 Using Select Similar and Add Selected 379

13.4.1 Using Isolate and Unisolate Commands 38013.4.2 Using Freeze and Off Commands 38013.4.3 Using the Turn All Layers on and Thaw All Layers

Commands 38113.4.4 Using the Lock and Unlock Commands 38113.4.5 Using the Change to Current Layer Command 38113.4.6 Using Copy Objects to New Layer Command 38113.4.7 Using the Layer Walk Command 38213.4.8 Using the Isolate to Current Viewport Command 382

13.5 Layer’s Transparency 383Practice 13-3 Using Advanced Layer Commands 384

13.7.1 How to Open a File Partially 390

Practice 13-5 Using Partially Opened Files 392

Chapter 14 Using Block Tools and Block Editing 397

Chapter 15 Creating Text and Table Styles and Formulas in Tables 419

Practice 15-1 Creating Text Style and Single Line Text 422

15.4 Inserting a Table in the Drawing 42815.4.1 Specify Insertion Point Option 429

Practice 15-2 Creating Table Style and Inserting Tables in the

Practice 15-3 Formulas and Table Cell Functions 440

Chapter 16 Dimension and Multileader Styles 445

16.2 How to Create a New Dimension Style 446

16.4 Dimension Style: Symbols and Arrows Tab 450

16.7 Dimension Style: Primary Units Tab 45916.8 Dimension Style: Alternate Units Tab 461

Practice 16-1 Creating Dimension Style 465

Practice 16-3 Centerlines and Center Marks 47716.13 How to Create a Multileader Style 478

Chapter 17 Plot Style, Annotative, and Exporting 489

Practice 17-1 Color-Dependent Plot Style Table 498

17.5 Exporting DWG to PDF: An Introduction 504

Practice 17-4 Creating and Viewing a pdf File 508

Chapter 18 How to Create a Template File and Interface Customization 511

18.1 What Is a Template File and

Practice 18-1 Creating and Editing a Template File 51418.3 Customizing the Interface – Introduction 515

18.6 How to Create a Quick Access Toolbar 521

Practice 18-2 Customizing an Interface 523

Chapter 19 Parametric Constraints 531

19.2 Using Geometric Constraints 53219.2.1 Using Coincident Constraints 532

19.2.3 Using Concentric Constraints 534

19.2.6 Using Perpendicular Constraints 53619.2.7 Using Horizontal Constraints 537

19.2.11 Using Symmetric Constraints 540

19.6 Constraint Bar & Showing and Hiding 546

19.7 Relaxing and Over-Constraining Objects 547

Practice 19-1 Applying Geometric Constraint 548

19.8.1 Using Linear, Horizontal, and Vertical Constraints 550

19.8.3 Using Radial and Diameter Constraints 552

19.9 Controlling Dimensional Constraint 55419.9.1 Constraint Settings Dialog Box 555

19.9.3 Showing and Hiding Dimensional Constraint 556

19.11 What Is Annotational Constraint Mode? 55919.11.1 Annotational Constraint Mode 56019.11.2 Converting Dimensional

Practice 19-2 Applying Dimensional Constraint 562

Chapter 20 Dynamic Blocks 567

20.2.1 Using the Block Definition Dialog Box 56820.2.2 Double-Clicking an Existing Block 569

20.6 Controlling the Visibility Parameter 577

Practice 20-1 Dynamic Blocks – Creating a Chest of Drawers 581Practice 20-2 Dynamic Blocks – Door Control 582Practice 20-3 Dynamic Blocks – Wide Flange Beams 58420.9 Using Constraints in Dynamic Blocks 585

Practice 20-4 Dynamic Blocks Using

Constraints – Wide Flange Beams 590Practice 20-5 Dynamic Blocks Using

Chapter 21 Block Attributes 595

21.4 How to Control Attribute Visibility 598Practice 21-1 Defining and Inserting Blocks with Attributes 59921.5 How to Edit Individual Attribute Values 60021.6 How to Edit Attribute Values Globally 601Practice 21-2 Editing Attribute Values Individually and Globally 60321.7 How to Redefine and Sync Attribute Definitions 604Practice 21-3 Redefining Attribute Definitions 60621.8 How to Extract Attributes from Files 607

Chapter Review 617

Chapter 22 External Referencing (XREF) 619

22.1 Introduction to External References 61922.2 Inserting External References into

22.3 External Reference Palette Contents 625

22.6 Controlling the Fading of a Reference File 629Practice 22-1 Attaching and Controlling Reference Files 63022.7 Editing an External Reference DWG File 63122.7.1 Using the Edit Reference Command 632

22.8 External Reference File-Related Functions 634

Practice 22-2 External Reference Editing 63622.9 Clipping an External Reference File 63722.10 Clicking and Right-Clicking a Reference File 63922.10.1 Clicking and Right-Clicking a DWG File 63922.10.2 Clicking and Right-Clicking an Image File 64022.10.3 Clicking and Right-Clicking a DWF File 641Practice 22-3 External Reference File Clipping

22.11 Using the eTransmit Command

Practice 22-4 Using the eTransmit Command 646

Chapter 23 Sheet Sets 651

23.2 Dealing with the Sheet Set Manager Palette 65223.2.1 How to Open and Close an Existing Sheet Set 65223.2.2 How to Deal with the Sheet Set Manager Palette 654

Practice 23-1 Opening, Manipulating, and

23.4.1 Adding a Sheet into a Subset 661

Practice 23-2 Creating a Sheet Set Using a Sheet Set Example 663

Practice 23-3 Adding and Scaling Model Views 667

Practice 23-4 Creating a Sheet Set Using Existing Drawings 673

23.8 Using eTransmit and Archive Commands 675

Practice 23-5 Publishing and eTransmitting

Chapter 24 CAD Standards and Advanced Layers 681

24.3 How to Link DWS to DWG and Then

24.3.1 Configuring (Linking) DWS to DWG 683

Practice 24-1 Using CAD Standards Commands 688

Practice 24-2 Using the Layer Translator 69124.5 Dealing with the Layer Properties Manager 692

Practice 24-3 Layer Advanced Features and Filters 697

Practice 24-4 Using Layer States 701

Practice 24-5 Using Settings Dialog Box 706

Chapter 25 Importing PDF files, Design Views, AutoCAD Web/

Chapter 26 Drawing Compare 735

 Since its inception, AutoCAD has enjoyed a large user base, which has made it the most popular CAD software in the world AutoCAD is wide-spread due to its logic and simplicity, which makes it easy to learn Auto-CAD evolved through the years to become a comprehensive software application addressing all aspects of engineering drafting and designing



 This book addresses all levels of AutoCAD 2D drafting, Essentials, Intermediate, and Advanced, which makes it ideal for novice users, and for those seeking to be professional power users ready for industry



 This book is not a replacement of AutoCAD manuals, but is considered

to be complementary source that includes hundreds of hands-on tices to strengthen the knowledge learned and solidify the techniques discussed

prac-

 At the end of each chapter, the reader will find “Chapter Review tions” which are the same sort of questions you may see in the Autodesk certification exam; so the reader is invited to solve them all Correct answers are at the end of each chapter

Ques-

 Chapter 10 contains three projects: one is an architectural plan, sented in metric and imperial units The other two projects are for mechanical engineering One of them is thoroughly explained and the other is not! These two projects are also presented in both metric and imperial units

pre-Included with the book is a disc which contains the following (all of the companion

files on the disc are also available for downloading from the publisher by writing to info@merclearning.com):



 A link to retrieve the AutoCAD 2022 trial version, which will last for 30 days starting from the day of installation This version will help you solve all practices and projects (if you are a college/university student, you can

download a student version of the software from www.autodesk.com)

This is the most comprehensive book about AutoCAD 2022 – 2D drafting on the market It is divided into three major parts:



 Essentials: from Chapter one to Chapter ten It assumes that the reader

has no previous experience in AutoCAD; hence it starts from scratch Chapter ten contains three projects – one architectural, and two mechan-

ical using both Imperial and metric units.



 Intermediate: from Chapter 11 to Chapter 18 It contains a deeper

discussion on a subject we touched on in the Essentials part, or a new advance feature

This book is also a good source to prepare for the AutoCAD Certified Professional

Though the focus these days is BIM (Building Information Modeling), AutoCAD is still the most profitable software for Autodesk, Inc due to its ease

of use and comprehensiveness, which address all user needs Another version

of AutoCAD, called AutoCAD LT, is used for 2D drafting only

To start AutoCAD 2022, double-click the shortcut on your desktop that

was created in the installation process AutoCAD will show the Welcome

window, as shown in the following

In This Chapter:

● Starting AutoCAD

● Dealing with the AutoCAD interface

● AutoCAD defaults and drawing units

● Dealing with file-oriented commands

● Undo and Redo commands

A UTO CAD 2022 B ASICS

While in the welcome window, you will be able to:

Starting a new file or opening an existing file will show you the interface

of AutoCAD 2022, as shown in the following:

1 Application Menu 2 Start tab 3 File tab

4 Ribbon 5 Current File Name 6 Info Center

7 Autodesk 360 8 ViewCube 9 Navigation Bar

10 Cross Hairs 11 Workspace 12 Status Bar

13 Command Window 14 Layout tab 15 Model tab

16 UCS Icon 17 Graphical Area

1.2 AUTOCAD 2022 INTERFACE

The AutoCAD interface is based on Ribbons and Application Menu The

most important feature of this interface is that the size of the Graphical

Area will be larger

1.2.1 Application Menu

The Application menu contains file-related commands:

Included are commands such as creating a new file, opening an existing file, saving the current file, saving the current file under a new name and

in a different folder, exporting the current file to a different file format, printing and publishing the current file, etc We will discuss almost all of these commands in different places in this book By default, you will see the recent files You can choose how to display the recent files in the Application Menu using this control:

Also, you can choose how to sort the recent files using this control:

1.2.2 Quick Access Toolbar

This toolbar contains all File commands mentioned in the Application Menu along with Workspace and Undo/Redo

The user can customize this toolbar by clicking the arrow at the end, which will produce the following:

As you can see, the user can add or remove commands; clicking Show

Menu Bar may also be useful because the ribbon doesn’t include all AutoCAD commands

Share Drawing

This command will share a link of the current version of the drawing including its external references in AutoCAD Web, you will see the following message:

You can create a link which people can view it only, or, with the ability

to edit and save copy of it

1.2.3 Ribbons

Ribbons consist of two parts: tabs and panels, as shown below:

Some panels have more buttons than shown: the following is the Modify

panel:

Click the small triangle near the title and you will receive the following:

If you move away from the panel, buttons will disappear To make them visible always, click the push pin The new view are as follows:

For some commands, there are many options To make the user’s life easier, AutoCAD put all the options in the same button Refer to the following illustration:

The ribbons have a very simple help feature If you hover the mouse over a button, a small help screen appears:

If the user leaves the mouse over the button for a longer period of time, AutoCAD will show more detailed help:

Panels have two states— either docked or floating By default all panels

are docked in their respective tab Drag and drop the panel in the graphical area to make it floating One important feature of making the panel floating

is you will be able to see it while other tabs are active

You can send the panel back to its respective tab by clicking the small button at the top right side:

While the panel is floating you can toggle the orientation:

It will either extend to the right:

Or down:

The button at the end of the tab names allows you to cycle through the different states of the ribbons The main objective of this new feature is to give you yet more graphical area Clicking the small button will produce the following:

Use Sign In to access Autodesk Account

1.2.5 Command Window

By default the command window is floating, but you can dock it at the bottom or the top of the screen Reading the command window all the time will save lots of wasted time trying to figure out what AutoCAD wants AutoCAD will show two things at the command window: your commands and AutoCAD prompts asking you to perform a particular action (e.g., specify a point, input an angle, etc.) Refer to the following illustration:

1.2.6 Graphical Area

The graphical area is your drafting area This is where you will draw all your lines, arcs, and circles It is a precise environment with an XYZ space for 3D and an XY plane for 2D You can monitor coordinates in the left part

of the status bar

1.2.7 Status Bar

The status bar in AutoCAD contains coordinates along with important functions; some of them are for precise drafting in 2D, and some of them are for 3D

The buttons you will see on the status bar are not necessarily all that are available To customize this, click on the last button at the right (the one with three horizontal lines) and you will see the following list (showing some of the options):

1.2.8 Start Tab

When you click the Start tab at any moment, you will get the welcome screen again Hence you can start a new drawing, open an existing drawing, etc

 To specify angles in AutoCAD, assume east (to your right) is your 0° and then go counterclockwise (This is applicable only for the northern hemisphere; we will learn in Chapter 10 how we can change this setting for the southern hemisphere)

 The wheel in the mouse has four zooming functions: Zoom In (move wheel forward), Zoom Out (move wheel backward), Panning (press and hold the wheel), and Zooming Extents (double-click the wheel)



 Pressing [Esc] will cancel the current command



 Pressing [F2] will show the Text Window—check the following:

1.4 WHAT IS MY DRAWING UNIT?

If you draw a 6-units line in AutoCAD, what does AutoCAD really mean

by 6 units? Is it 6 m, 6 ft, or neither? AutoCAD deals with whatever units you choose; if you mean 6 m, so let it be! If you mean 6 ft, AutoCAD will

go with this assumption as well What is important is that you be consistent throughout your file This is true for the Model Space, where you will do your drafting, but when it comes to printing, you have to recall your assumption and set your drawing scale accordingly In Chapter 9, we will discuss printing