autocad 2016 a problem solving approach basic and intermediate 2nd edition pdf

Opening an Existing Drawing Opening an Existing Drawing Using the Select File Dialog Box Opening an Existing Drawing Using the Startup Dialog Box Opening an Existing Drawing Using the Dr

Contributing Author

Sham Tickoo

Professor Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology

Purdue University Calumet Hammond, Indiana, USA

AutoCAD 2016: A Problem-Solving Approach, Basic and Intermediate

Sham Tickoo

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Preface

Chapter 1: Introduction to AutoCAD

AutoCAD Screen Components

AutoCAD Dialog Boxes

Starting a New Drawing

Open a Drawing

Start from Scratch

Use a Template

Use a Wizard

Saving Your Work

Save Drawing As Dialog Box

Automatic Timed Save

Creating Backup Files

Changing Automatic Timed Saved and Backup Files into AutoCAD Format Using the Drawing Recovery Manager to Recover Files

Closing a Drawing

Opening an Existing Drawing

Opening an Existing Drawing Using the Select File Dialog Box Opening an Existing Drawing Using the Startup Dialog Box

Opening an Existing Drawing Using the Drag and Drop Method Quitting AutoCAD

Creating and Managing Workspaces

Creating a New Workspace

Modifying the Workspace Settings

Chapter 2: Getting Started with AutoCAD

Dynamic Input Mode

Enable Pointer Input

Enable Dimension Input where possible

Show command prompting and command input near the crosshairs Show additional tips with command prompting

Drafting Tooltip Appearance

Drawing Lines in AutoCAD

The Close Option

The Undo Option

Invoking tools Using Dynamic INPUT/Command Prompt

Coordinate Systems

Absolute Coordinate System

Relative Coordinate System

Relative Polar Coordinates

Direct Distance Entry

Erasing Objects

Canceling and Undoing Operation

Object Selection Methods

Window Selection

Window Crossing Method

Lasso Selection Method

Drawing a Circle

Basic Display Commands

Zooming Drawings

Specifying the Format

Specifying the Angle Format

Setting the Direction for Angle Measurement

Specifying Units for the Drawing or the Block to be Inserted Sample Output

Specifying Units for Lighting

Setting the Limits of a Drawing

Setting Limits

Limits for Architectural Drawings

Limits for Metric Drawings

Introduction to Plotting Drawings

Modifying AutoCAD Settings by Using the Options Dialog Box Self-Evaluation Test

Changing the Point Style and Size

Placing Multiple Points

Placing Points at Equal Distance

Placing Points at Specified Intervals

Drawing Infinite Lines

Drawing Construction Lines

Understanding the Concept and Use of Layers

Working with Layers

Creating New Layers

Making a Layer Current

Controlling the Display of Layers

Arranging Layers in Increasing Order

Arranging Layers in Increasing Order with Respect to First Digit Merging Layers

Deleting Layers

Managing the Display of Columns

Selective Display of Layers

Layer States

Reconciling New Layers

Isolating and Unisolating Layers

Controlling the Layer Settings

Object Properties

Changing the Color

Changing the Linetype

Changing the Lineweight

Changing the Plot Style

Changing Object Properties using the Properties Palette

Changing Object Properties using the Quick Properties Palette Global and Current Linetype Scaling

LTSCALE Factor for Plotting

Working with the DesignCenter

Drafting Settings Dialog Box

Setting Grid

Setting Snap

Snap Type

Drawing Straight Lines Using the Ortho Mode

Working with Object Snaps

Running Object Snap Mode

Overriding the Running Snap

Cycling through Snaps

Setting the Priority for Coordinate Entry

Chapter 5: Editing Sketched Objects-I

Creating a Selection Set

Editing Sketches

Moving Sketched Objects

Copying Sketched Objects

Creating an Array of Selected Objects

Creating a Single Copy

Pasting Contents from the Clipboard

Pasting Contents Using the Original Coordinates

Offsetting Sketched Objects

Through Option

Erase Option

Layer Option

Rotating Sketched Objects

Scaling the Sketched Objects

Filleting the Sketches

Chamfering the Sketches

Blending the Curves

Trimming the Sketched Objects

Extending the Sketched Objects

Stretching the Sketched Objects

Lengthening the Sketched Objects

Arraying the Sketched Objects

Breaking the Sketched Objects

Placing Points at Specified Intervals

Dividing the Sketched Objects

Joining the Sketched Objects

Adjusting Grip Settings

Editing Objects by Using Grips

Stretching the Objects by Using Grips (Stretch Mode) Moving the Objects by Using Grips (Move Mode) Rotating the Objects by Using Grips (Rotate Mode) Scaling the Objects by Using Grips (Scale Mode) Mirroring the Objects by Using Grips (Mirror Mode) Editing a Polyline by Using Grips

Loading Hyperlinks

Editing Gripped Objects

Changing the Properties Using the Properties Palette Matching the Properties of Sketched Objects

Quick Selection of Sketched Objects

Cycling Through Selection

Managing Contents Using the DesignCenter

Folders Tab

Open Drawings Tab

History Tab

Autodesk Seek design content Link

Making Inquiries About Objects and Drawings

Measuring Area of Objects

Measuring the Distance between Two Points

Identifying the Location of a Point

Listing Information about Objects

Listing Information about all Objects in a Drawing Checking Time-Related Information

Obtaining Drawing Status Information

Displaying Drawing Properties

Basic Display Options

Redrawing the Screen

Regenerating Drawings

Zooming Drawings

Panning Drawings

Creating Views

Understanding the Concept of Sheet Sets

Creating a Sheet Set

Adding a Subset to a Sheet Set

Adding Sheets to a Sheet Set or a Subset

Archiving a Sheet Set

Resaving all Sheets in a Sheet Set

Placing Views on a Sheet of a Sheet Set

Multiple Annotation Scales

Assigning Multiple Annotation Scales Manually

Assigning Multiple Annotation Scales Automatically

Creating Text

Writing Single Line Text

Entering Special Characters

Creating Multiline Text

Editing Text

Editing Text Using the DDEDIT Command

Editing Text Using the Properties Palette

Modifying the Scale of the Text

Aligning Text

Inserting Table in the Drawing

Creating a New Table Style

Setting a Table Style As Current

Modifying a Table Style

Modifying Tables

Creating Text Styles

Creating Annotative Text

Checking Spelling

Text Quality and Text Fill

Finding and Replacing Text

Creating Title Sheet Table in a Sheet Set

Self-Evaluation Test

Review Questions

Chapter 8: Basic Dimensioning, Geometric Dimensioning, and Tolerancing

Need for Dimensioning

Selecting Dimensioning Tools

Dimensioning a Number of Objects Together

Creating Linear Dimensions

Creating Aligned Dimensions

Creating Arc Length Dimensions

Creating Rotated Dimensions

Creating Baseline Dimensions

Creating Continued Dimensions

Creating Angular Dimensions

Creating Diameter Dimensions

Creating Jogged Dimensions

Creating Radius Dimensions

Creating Jogged Linear Dimensions

Generating Center Marks and Centerlines

Creating Ordinate Dimensions

Maintaining Equal Spacing between Dimensions

Creating Dimension Breaks

Creating Inspection Dimensions

Working with True Associative Dimensions

Removing the Dimension Associativity

Converting a Dimension into a True Associative Dimension

Drawing Leaders

Multileaders

Drawing Multileaders

Adding Leaders to Existing Multileader

Removing Leaders from Existing Multileader

Aligning Multileaders

Collecting Multiple Leaders

Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing

Geometric Characteristics and Symbols

Adding Geometric Tolerance

Complex Feature Control Frames

Combining Geometric Characteristics

Composite Position Tolerancing

Using Feature Control Frames with Leaders

Projected Tolerance Zone

Creating Annotative Dimensions, Tolerances, Leaders, and Multileaders Self-Evaluation Test

Review Questions

Chapter 9: Editing Dimensions

Editing Dimensions Using Editing Tools

Editing Dimensions by Stretching

Editing Dimensions by Trimming and Extending

Flipping Dimension Arrow

Editing the Dimension Text

Updating Dimensions

Editing Dimensions with Grips

Editing Dimensions Using the Properties Palette

Model Space and Paper Space Dimensioning

Self-Evaluation Test

Review Questions

Chapter 10: Dimension Styles, Multileader Styles, and System

Using Styles and Variables to Control Dimensions

Creating and Restoring Dimension Styles

New Dimension Style Dialog box

Controlling the Dimension Text Format

Fitting Dimension Text and Arrowheads

Formatting Primary Dimension Units

Formatting Alternate Dimension Units

Formatting the Tolerances

Dimension Style Families

Using Dimension Style Overrides

Comparing and Listing Dimension Styles

Using Externally Referenced Dimension Styles

Creating and Restoring Multileader Styles

Modify Multileader Style Dialog Box

Self-Evaluation Test

Review Questions

Chapter 11: Adding Constraints to Sketches

Introduction

Adding Geometric Constraints

Applying the Horizontal Constraint

Applying the Vertical Constraint

Applying the Coincident Constraint

Applying the Fix Constraint

Applying the Perpendicular Constraint

Applying the Parallel Constraint

Applying the Collinear Constraint

Applying the Concentric Constraint

Applying the Tangent Constraint

Applying the Symmetric Constraint

Applying the Equal Constraint

Applying the Smooth Constraint

Controlling the Display of Constraints

Applying Constraints Automatically

Applying Dimensional Constraints

Converting a Dimensional Constraint into an Annotational Constraint

Concept of a Fully-Defined Sketch

Under-defined

Fully-defined

Over-defined

Controlling the Display of the Dimensional Constraint

Working with Equations

Adding Equations while Applying Dimensional Constraints

Adding Equations Using the Parameters Manager

Hatching Drawings Using the Hatch Tool

Panels in the Hatch Creation Tab

Creating Annotative Hatch

Hatching the Drawing Using the Tool Palettes

Drag and Drop Method

Select and Place Method

Modifying the Properties of the Predefined Patterns available

in the Tool Palettes

Hatching Around Text, Dimensions, and Attributes

Editing Hatch Patterns

Using the Hatch Editor Tab

Using the Edit Hatch Tool

Using the Properties Tool

Editing the Hatch Boundary

Using Grips

Trimming the Hatch Patterns

Using AutoCAD Editing Tools

Hatching Blocks and Xref Drawings

Creating a Boundary Using Closed Loops

Other Features of Hatching

Self-Evaluation Test

Review Questions

Model Space and Paper Space/Layouts

Model Space Viewports (Tiled Viewports)

Creating Tiled Viewports

Making a Viewport Current

Joining Two Adjacent Viewports

Splitting and Resizing Viewports in Model Space

Paper Space Viewports (Floating Viewports)

Creating Floating Viewports

Creating Rectangular Viewports

Creating Polygonal Viewports

Converting an Existing Closed Object into a Viewport

Temporary Model Space

Editing Viewports

Controlling the Display of Objects in Viewports

Locking the Display of Objects in Viewports

Controlling the Display of Hidden Lines in Viewports

Clipping Existing Viewports

Maximizing Viewports

Controlling the Properties of Viewport Layers

Controlling the Layers in Viewports Using Layer Properties Manager Dialog Box Paper Space Linetype Scaling (PSLTSCALE System variable)

Inserting Layouts

Importing Layouts to Sheet Sets

Inserting a Layout Using the Wizard

Defining Page Settings

Working with the MVSETUP Command

Converting the Distance Between Model Space and Paper Space

Controlling the Display of Annotative Objects in Viewports

Self-Evaluation Test

Review Questions

Chapter 14: Plotting Drawings

Plotting Drawings in AutoCAD

Plotting Drawings Using the Plot Dialog Box

Adding Plotters

Editing the Plotter Configuration

Importing PCP/PC2 Configuration Files

Setting Plot Parameters

Working with Page Setups

Using Plot Styles

Adding a Plot Style

Plot Style Table Editor

Applying Plot Styles

Setting the Current Plot Style

Plotting Sheets in a Sheet Set

Self-Evaluation Test

Review Questions

Chapter 15: Template Drawings

Creating Template Drawings

Standard Template Drawings

Loading a Template Drawing

Customizing Drawings with Layers and Dimensioning Specifications Customizing a Drawing with Layout

Customizing Drawings with Viewports

Customizing Drawings According to Plot Size and Drawing Scale Self-Evaluation Test

Review Questions

Chapter 16: Working with Blocks

The Concept of Blocks

Converting Entities into a Block

Using Tool Palettes to Insert Blocks

Inserting Blocks in the Drawing

Modifying Properties of the Blocks in the Tool Palettes

Adding Blocks in Tool Palettes

Drag and Drop Method

Shortcut Menu

Modifying Existing Blocks in the Tool Palettes

Layers, Colors, Linetypes, and Lineweights for Blocks

Nesting of Blocks

Inserting Multiple Blocks

Creating Drawing Files Using the Write Block Dialog box

Defining the Insertion Base Point

Editing Blocks

Editing Blocks in Place

Exploding Blocks Using the XPLODE Command

Renaming Blocks

Deleting Unused Blocks

Applying Constraints to Blocks

Editing Attribute Definition

Using the Properties Palette

Inserting Blocks with Attributes

Managing Attributes

Extracting Attributes

Controlling the Attribute Visibility

Editing Block Attributes

Editing Attributes Using the Enhanced Attribute Editor Editing Attributes Using the Edit Attributes Dialog Box Global Editing of Attributes

Redefining a Block with Attributes

In-place Editing of Blocks with Attributes

Inserting Text Files in the Drawing

Managing External References in a Drawing

The Overlay Option

Attaching Files to a Drawing

Working with Underlays

Editing an Underlay

Opening an Xreffed Object in a Separate Window

Using the DesignCenter to Attach a Drawing as an Xref Adding Xref Dependent Named Objects

Clipping External References

Displaying Clipping Frame

Demand Loading

Editing References In-Place

Self-Evaluation Test

Review Questions

Chapter 19: Working with Advanced Drawing Options

Understanding the Use of Multilines

Defining the Multiline Style

Drawing Multilines

Editing Multilines by Using Grips

Editing Multilines by Using the Dialog Box

Cross Intersection (CC/OC/MC)

Tee Intersection (CT/OT/MT)

Corner Joint (CJ)

Adding and Deleting Vertices (AV/DV)

Cutting and Welding Multilines (CS/CA/WA)

Creating Revision Clouds

Rectangular Revision Cloud

Polygonal Revision Cloud

Freehand Revision Cloud

Selecting Groups

Changing Properties of an Object

Exploding Compound Objects

Editing Polylines

Editing Single Polyline

Editing Multiple Polylines

Undoing Previous Commands

Reversing the Undo Operation

Renaming Named Objects

Removing Unused Named Objects

View items you can purge

View items you cannot purge

Setting Selection Modes Using the Options Dialog Box

Noun/verb selection

Use Shift to add to selection Option

Implied windowing

Press and drag

Chapter 21: Working with Data Exchange & Object Linking and Embedding

Understanding the Concept of Data Exchange in AutoCAD

Creating Data Interchange (DXF) Files

Creating a Data Interchange File

Information in a DXF File

Converting DXF Files into Drawing Files

Importing CAD Files

Other Data Exchange Formats

DXB File Format

Creating and Using an ACIS File

Importing 3D Studio Files

Creating and Using a Windows Metafile

Creating and Using a V8 DGN File

Creating a BMP File

Raster Images

Attaching Raster Images

Managing Raster Images

Editing Raster Image Files

Clipping Raster Images

Adjusting Raster Images

Modifying the Image Quality

Modifying the Transparency of an Image

Controlling the Display of Image Frames

Changing the Display Order

Other Editing Operations

Scaling Raster Images

DWG Convert

Conversion Setup Options

Working with PostScript Files

Creating PostScript Files

Object Linking and Embedding (OLE)

Content Explorer

Self-Evaluation Test

Review Questions

Index I-1

Preface

AutoCAD 2016

AutoCAD, developed by Autodesk Inc., is the most popular PC-CAD system available

in the market Today, over 7 million people use AutoCAD and other AutoCAD-baseddesign products 100% of the Fortune 100 firms and 98% of the Fortune 500 firms areAutodesk customers AutoCAD’s open architecture allows third-party developers towrite application software which has significantly added to its popularity For example,

the author of this book has developed a software package “SMLayout” for sheet metal

products that generates a flat layout of various geometrical shapes such as transitions,intersections, cones, elbows, tank heads, and so on Several companies in Canada andUnited States are using this software package with AutoCAD to design andmanufacture various products AutoCAD also facilitates customization that enables theusers to increase their efficiency and improve their productivity

The AutoCAD 2016: A Problem-Solving Approach, Basic and Intermediate

textbook contains a detailed explanation of AutoCAD commands and their applications

to solve drafting and design problems Every AutoCAD command is thoroughlyexplained with the help of examples and illustrations This makes it easy for the users tounderstand the functions and applications in the drawing After reading this textbook,you will be able to use AutoCAD commands to make a drawing, dimension a drawing,apply constraints to sketches, insert symbols as well as create text, blocks and dynamicblocks

The book also covers basic drafting and design concepts that provide you with theessential drafting skills to solve the drawing problems in AutoCAD These includedimensioning principles, and assembly drawings While going through this textbook,you will discover some new unique applications of AutoCAD that will have a significanteffect on your drawings In addition, you will be able to understand why AutoCAD hasbecome such a popular software package and an international standard in PC-CAD

Formatting Conventions Used in the Textbook

Refer to the following list for the formatting conventions used in this textbook

• Command names are capitalized and written in boldface letters

• A key icon appears when you have to respond by pressing the ENTER or the

prompt are enclosed in a shaded box.

Ribbon: Draw > Line

Menu Bar: Draw > Line

Tool P alettes: Draw > Line

Toolbar: Draw > Line

Command: LINE or L

Example: The MOVE command

Command:MOVE

Select object: G

Enter group name: Enter a group name (the group name is group1)

Naming Conventions Used in the Textbook

Tool

If you click on an item in a toolbar or a panel of the Ribbon and a command is

invoked to create/edit an object or perform some action, then that item is termed as

tool.

For example:

To Create: Line tool, Circle tool, Extrude tool

To Edit: Fillet tool, Array tool, Stretch tool

Action: Zoom tool, Move tool, Copy tool

If you click on an item in a toolbar or a panel of the Ribbon and a dialog box is

invoked wherein you can set the properties to create/edit an object, then that item is

also termed as tool, refer to Figure 1.

For example:

To Create: Define Attributes tool, Create tool, Insert tool

To Edit: Edit Attributes tool, Block Editor tool

Figure 1 Various tools in the Ribbon

Button

If you click on an item in a toolbar or a panel of the Ribbon and the display of the corresponding object is toggled on/off, then that item is termed as Button For example, Grid button, Snap button, Ortho button, Properties button, Tool Palettes

button, and so on; refer to Figure 2

Figure 2 Various button displayed in the Status Bar and Ribbon

The item in a dialog box that has a 3d shape like a button is also termed as Button For example, OK button, Cancel button, Apply button, and so on.

Dialog Box

The naming conventions used for the components in a dialog box are mentioned inFigure 3

Figure 3 The components of a dialog box

Figure 4 The Circle, Fillet/Chamfer, and Create Light drop-downs

Drop-down List

A drop-down list is the one in which a set of options are grouped together You can setvarious parameters using these options You can identify a drop-down list with a downarrow on it To know the name of a drop-down list, move the cursor over it; its name

will be displayed as a tool tip For example, Lineweight drop-down list, Linetype drop-down list, Object Color drop-down list, Visual Styles drop-down list, and so on;

refer to Figure 5

Figure 5 The Lineweight and Visual Styles drop-down lists

Options

Options are the items that are available in shortcut menu, drop-down list, Command

prompt, Properties panel, and so on For example, choose the Properties option from

the shortcut menu displayed on right-clicking in the drawing area; refer to Figure 6

Tools and Options in Menu Bar

A menu bar consists of both tools and options As mentioned earlier, the term tool is

used to create/edit something or to perform some action For example, in Figure 7, the

item Box has been used to create a box shaped surface, therefore it will be referred to

as the Box tool.

Similarly, an option in the menu bar is the one that is used to set some parameters For

example, in Figure 7, the item Linetype has been used to set/load the linetype,

therefore it will be referred to as an option

Figure 6 Options in the shortcut menu and the PROPERTIES palette

Free Companion Website

It has been our constant endeavor to provide you the best textbooks and services ataffordable price In this endeavor, we have come out with a Free Companion websitethat will facilitate the process of teaching and learning of AutoCAD 2016 If youpurchase this textbook, you will get access to the files on the Companion website

The following resources are available for the faculty and students in this website:

sales@cadcim.com or the author at stickoo@purduecal.edu or

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• Understand the usage of the components of the initial AutoCAD screen

• Invoke AutoCAD commands from the keyboard, menus, toolbars, shortcut menus, Tool Palettes, and Ribbon

• Work with File Tabs

• Understand the usage of components of dialog boxes in AutoCAD

• Start a new drawing using the New tool, File Tabs, and the Startup dialog box

• Save the work using various file-saving commands

• Close a drawing

• Open an existing drawing

• Quit AutoCAD

• Understand various options of AutoCAD help

• Understand the use of Active Assistance, Learning Assistance, and other interactive help topics

• Understand the concept of Design Feed

AUTOCAD SCREEN COMPONENTS

When you install AutoCAD 2016, the AutoCAD 2016 - English shortcut icon is created

on the desktop You can start AutoCAD by double-clicking on this icon The initialAutoCAD screen comprises of drawing area, command window, menu bar, severaltoolbars, Model and Layout tabs, and Status Bar, as shown in Figure 1-1 A title barthat has AutoCAD symbol and the current drawing name is displayed on top of thescreen

When you click on LEARN, the LEARN page is displayed The LEARN page provides tools

to help you learn AutoCAD 2016 It is divided into three columns: What’s New, Getting Started Videos, and Learning Tips/Online Resources.

Drawing Area

The drawing area covers the major portion of the screen In this area, you can draw theobjects and use the commands To draw the objects, you need to define the coordinatepoints, which can be selected by using your pointing device The position of thepointing device is represented on the screen by the cursor The window also has thestandard Windows buttons such as close, minimize, scroll bar, and so on, on the topright corner These buttons have the same functions as in any other standard window

Command Window

The command window at the bottom of the drawing area has the Command promptwhere you can enter the commands It also displays the subsequent prompt sequencesand the messages You can change the size of the window by placing the cursor on thetop edge (double line bar known as the grab bar) and then dragging it This way youcan increase its size to see all the previous commands you have used You can also

press the F2 key to display AutoCAD Text Window, which displays the previous

commands and prompts

Figure 1-1 AutoCAD screen components in AutoCAD Drafting & Annotation

workspace

Figure 1-2 The Start tab in AutoCAD 2016

Tip

You can hide all toolbars displayed on the screen by pressing the CTRL+0 keys or by

choosing View > Clean Screen from the menu bar To turn on the display of the toolbars again, press the CTRL+0 keys You can also choose the Clean Screen button

in the Status Bar to hide all toolbars.

Auto Correct the Command Name

In AutoCAD, if you type a wrong command name at the Command prompt, asuggestion list with most relevant commands will be displayed, refer to Figure 1-3 Youcan invoke the desired command by selecting the required option from this list

Auto Complete the Command Name

When you start typing a command name at the Command prompt, the complete name

of the command will be displayed automatically Also, a list of correspondingcommands will be displayed, as shown in Figure 1-4 The that have not been used for along time will be grouped in folders at the bottom of the list

Figure 1-3 Suggestion list with relevant commands

Figure 1-4 Command bar displaying complete command name automatically

Internet Search

You can get more information about a command by using the Search in Help and Search on

Internet buttons available adjacent to the command name in the Command line, refer to Figure 1-5 If you

choose the Search in Help button, the Autodesk AutoCAD 2016-Help dialog box will be displayed In this dialog box, you can find information about the command By using the Search on Internet button, you can

find information about the command on internet Note that these buttons will be available adjacent to the selected command name in the suggestion list.

Figure 1-5 The Search in Help and Search on Internet buttons displayed in the

Figure 1-6 Suggestion list displayed after entering a synonym of command name at

the Command prompt

Input Search Options

In AutoCAD 2016, you can enable or disable the functions such as Auto Complete and

Auto Correct by using the options available in the Input Search Options dialog box.

To invoke this dialog box, right-click at the Command prompt; a shortcut menu will be

displayed Next, choose Input Search Options from the shortcut menu; the Input Search Options dialog box will be displayed, refer to Figure 1-7 You can now enable

or disable the required functions by using this dialog box

Figure 1-7 The Input Search Options dialog box

Navigation Bar

The Navigation Bar is displayed in the drawing area and contains navigation tools.

These tools are grouped together, refer to Figure 1-8, and are discussed next

Figure 1-8 Tools in the Navigation Bar

SteeringWheels

The SteeringWheels has a set of navigation tools such as pan, zoom, and so on You will learn more about the SteeringWheels in the later chapters.

This tool allows you to view the portion of the drawing that is outside the currentdisplay area To do so, choose this tool, press and hold the left mouse button, and thendrag the drawing area Press ESC to exit this command

Zoom Tools

Zoom tools used to enlarge the view of the drawing on the screen without affecting the

actual size of the objects are grouped together in the Zoom drop-down You will learn

more about zoom tools in later chapters

In-canvas Viewport Controls

In-canvas Viewport Controls is available on the top left corner of the drawing screen.

It enables you to change the view, visual style as well as the viewport

Figure 1-9 The Status Bar displayed in the Drafting & Annotation workspace

static, that is, the coordinate values displayed in the Status Bar change only when you

specify a point If the value of the COORDS variable is set to 1 or 2, the coordinate

display is dynamic When the variable is set to 1, AutoCAD constantly displays theabsolute coordinates of the graphics cursor with respect to the UCS origin The polarcoordinates (length<angle) are displayed if you are in an AutoCAD command and the

COORDS variable is set to 2 By default, the COORDS variable is set to 1 You can also

click on the Drawing Coordinates area to change the coordinate status from on to off

and vice-versa

MODEL

The MODEL button is chosen by default because you are working in the model space

to create drawings You will learn more about the model space in later chapters

GRIDMODE

In AutoCAD, the grid lines are used as reference lines to draw objects If the

GRIDMODE button is chosen, the Display drawing grid will turn ON and the grid lines

are displayed on the screen The F7 function key can be used to turn the grid display

on or off

If the SNAPMODE button is chosen, the snap mode will turn ON So, you can move

the cursor in fixed increments The F9 key acts as a toggle key to turn the snap off oron

Infer Constraints

If this button is chosen then some of the geometric constraints will be automaticallyapplied to sketch when it is drawn You can use CTRL+SHIFT+I as a shortcut key totoggle this button

Dynamic Input

The Dynamic Input button is used to turn the Dynamic Input on or off Turning it on

facilitates the heads-up design approach because all commands, prompts, anddimensional inputs will now be displayed in the drawing area and you do not need tolook at the Command prompt all the time This saves the design time and also increases

the efficiency of the user If the Dynamic Input mode is turned on, you will be allowed to enter the commands through the Pointer Input boxes, and the numerical values through the Dimensional Input boxes You will also be allowed to select the command options through the Dynamic Prompt options in the graphics window To turn the Dynamic Input on or off, use the F12 key.

ORTHOMODE

If the ORTHOMODE button is chosen, you can draw lines at right angles only You

can use the F8 function key to turn ortho on or off

Polar Tracking

If you turn the polar tracking on, the movement of the cursor is restricted along a path

based on the angle set as the polar angle Choose the Polar Tracking button to turn the

polar tracking on You can also use the F10 function key to turn on this option Notethat turning the polar tracking on, automatically turns off the ortho mode

Isometric Drafting

In AutoCAD 2016, you can activate the required working plane To activate the

required working plane, choose the Isometric Drafting button from the Status Bar On

choosing this button, a flyout is displayed with the isoplane Left, isoplane Top, or isoplane Right option You can choose the required option from this flyout to activate therespective work plane

Object Snap Tracking

When you choose this button, the inferencing lines will be displayed Inferencing linesare dashed lines that are displayed automatically when you select a sketching tool and