TIỂU LUẬN chapter 6 the cooperative principle and politeness

 To study the Cooperative principle by Grice Performed by Trong Nhan... To make people in the conversation can understand 02 Not trying to confuse other people The co-operative princip

Performed by Trong Nhan

Contents of this

chapter

Introduction to the cooperative principle

What is the cooperative principle?

What is the cooperative principle?

Why must observe the cooperative

principle?

The co-operative principle was broken down into four maxims, which

refer to rational or logical principles people observe in order to

communicate effectively or get their meaning across

 To study the Cooperative principle by Grice

Performed by Trong Nhan

To make people in the

conversation can understand

02

Not trying to confuse other people

The co-operative principle was

broken down into four maxims

Performed by Trần Trang

• Do not say what you believe to be false

• Do not say that for which you lack adequate

An example of observing maxims

 Quality maxim

 Quantity maxim

 Relation maxim

 Manner maxim

Peter: What’s your name, please?

Tom: My name’s Tom









- Tom answers an exact information

- Tom just tells his name, without extra

information such as age, hobby,…

- The answer is relevant to the question

- Tom says clearly, coherently

Performed by Trần Trang

03

Performed by Kieu Oanh

WHAT IS IMPLICATURE?

WHAT DOES SHE SAY?

I wan to know whether

you are going to wear

that tie

Sentence meaning

WHAT DOES SHE MEAN?

You are not really planning

to go in public wearing that tie, are you?

Speaker meaning or Implicature

Performed by Kieu Oanh

TYPES OF IMPLICATURE

CONVERSATIONAL

IMPLICATURE

CONVENTIONAL IMPLICATURE

Performed by Kieu Oanh

CONVENTIONAL IMPLICATURE

Anna: “Wow, today is very hot

Sunny: “Here, the drink!”

Performed by Kieu Oanh

04

Performed by Hong Chau

Eg: Would you mind if…

Could you possibly…

Can I ask you to…

Be friendly

Eg: You’re better at this than me

Performed by Hong Chau

Minimize benefit to self (maximize cost to self).

Eg: You must come and have dinner with us

We must come and have dinner with you

Performed by Hong Chau

Eg: Her performance was outstanding.

Her performance was not so good as it might have been

Modesty Maxim

Minimize praise of self (maximize dispraise of self)

Eg: How stupid of me!

How clever of me!

Performed by Hong Chau

A: It is an interesting exhibition, wasn’t it?B: Yes, definitely.

B: *No, it was very uninteresting

Sympathy Maxim

Minimize antipathy between self and other (maximize sympathy between self and other)

I’m terribly sorry to hear that your cat died

*I’m terribly pleased to hear that your cat died

Performed by Hong Chau

Hedges 05

What are Hedges ?

As well as exploiting the maxims by obvious flouting, speakers may indicate that they are opting out of a maxim by using a special kind of

what are called hedges, words or phrases telling hearers to disregard one

of the maxims

For examples:

Hedges

04

Performed by Trần Trang

Hedges in quality maxim

We use hedge in quality maxims when we are saying something not completely

accurate.

I’m not sure if this is right, but I hear that they have a 3-year-old boy.

I may be mistaken, but I thought I saw them flying to Florida together.

Hedges in quality maxims

For example:

The phrases “I am not sure if this is true” and “I could be mistaken” help the

speaker convey that the information he is giving may be true or false.

E.g 2:

A: Are they married?

B: “As far as I know, they have been

married for more than 10 years.”

=> That is to say, what B telling A may or may not be true.

Hedges in quantity

• Hear is a speaker talk about her recent vacation, using hedges in quantity maxims:

E.g.:

As you probably know, I am terrified of dogs

I want to cut a long story short but if say for short you may not understand what was happening to me that time.

Hedges in quantity maxims:

For examples:

=> I’m going to contravene the quantity maxim.

• We use such hedges in the middle of talk when we want to add something irrelevant.

I don't know if this is important, but some of the files are missing.

Not to change the subject but is this related to the budget?

Hedges in relation maxims:

=> I’m going to contravene the relation maxim

• Speakers use underlined phrases after noticing that the information they are about

to give is unclear or ambiguous.

For example:

“I’m not sure but ”

“That may be a bit confused but ”

This may be a bit confused, but I was asleep

I’m not sure if this makes senses, but the car has no lights.

Hedges in manner maxims:

I’m aware that I have been flouting the maxim of manner.

Thank you for your

attention!!!

Performed by group 6