If you catch the bus, train, or plane, you arrive in time to get it.. UNIT ay 1S Conjunctions Conjunctions and connecting words Conjunctions join two parts of a sentence and help to sh
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Movement
`) vn
Without transportation
You go by car/plane/bus/train/bike/motorcycle/ship/taxi/subway
(not by a car)
jog
You take a bus/train/taxi/plane,
and you take the subway
You ride a bicycle/train /
motorcycle/horse
You drive a car/bus/taxi/truck
The pilot flies a plane
How did you get to Mexico City?
We flew there
If you catch the bus, train, or plane, you arrive in time to get it
If you miss the bus, train, or plane, you arrive too late to get it
You arrive in or at a place (mot to a place)
The train arrived in Tokyo on time
The plane arrived at Kennedy Airport two hours late
Tip: When you are traveling, you will probably see a lot of signs and notices
in English Make a note of any new words and expressions you see
(See Unit 41 [Travel] for more words about transportation.)
your luggage?
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Fill in the blanks with verbs from A on page 30 Use the correct form
1 Jack likes to J@9 around the park every morning
2 Everyone at the party last night
3 Every morning Alicia ten laps in the swimming pool before
breakfast
4 Ana can very fast She has won a lot of races
5 Roberto likes to mountains
6 The old lady on her way home and broke her hip
7 Aki into the swimming pool and quickly to the other side
8 It is much better for you to to work than to go by car
Ride, drive, fly, go by, or take?
Write the correct word(s)
1 Do you know how to 4rive a car?
2 He works for an airline He a plane
3 Iusually a taxi when it rains
4 She goes away from home a lot
Shếss:: a truck
Š Iprefer tO a bus than car
6 Would you like to an elephant?
Answer these questions Use answers like every day, twice a week, once a
year, or never
1 How often do you walk to work or school? _ walk to work every day
2 Do you have a bicycle? How often do you ride it?
3 How often do you go swimming? Do you swim in the ocean or in a
swimming pool?
4 How often do you go jogging?
5 How often do you drive a car?
6 How often do you go dancing?
What things do we ask people to pass at the dinner table? Write down
Please pass + a noun six times
Please pass the sugar
Put these sentences in the past tense with the word
yesterday
Bill runs a mile every day Bill ran.a mile yesterday
Mei-Li often drives her grandmother to the mall
Maria catches the 8:45 train to the city every day
I sometimes take a taxi home from the train station
Tom often falls when he rides his bike
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ay 1S)
Conjunctions
Conjunctions and connecting words
Conjunctions join two parts of a sentence and help to show the connection between the two parts of the sentence Note the use of commas before some
conjunctions
when or at what time?
Conjunction | Function Example and tells you more We got home and went right to bed but makes a contrast They are rich, but they aren’t happy because answers the question | We went home because we were
why? tired
so tells you the result We went home early, so we missed
the end of the concert
when answers the questions | We went home when it started to
rain
before, after answers the question
what happened first? We went home before the concert ended
We went home after the singer sang his first song
although/ tells you something We went home although/though
though is surprising we did not really want to
if makes a condition We will go home if we are tired
>> Other connecting words
The words in this chart make connections between words and phrases
Word Function Example only says something is He sleeps only three hours every
smaller or less than night
usual even says something is Everyone was on time for the
surprising or unusual | meeting, even Pat, who’s usually
late
like makes acomparison | She looks like her dad
than used after a Ann is older than Chris / She works
comparative harder than he does
adjective or adverb also /too/ says something is in He works in the store, and she does
as well addition also / too /as well
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Choose one of the underlined words to complete the sentence
1 Sam liked school (because)/although/if he had
many friends there
2 Sam graduated from school, so/but/and he got a
job driving a truck
3 He hadn’t traveled much but/before/after he
became a truck driver
4 Sam got carsick a lot, when/if/so he quit his job
5 He got a job as a cook at a cafe because/although/and he had no
qualifications
6 He will stay at the cafe when/if/though he likes it there
Write down ten sentences from the chart below
Use each conjunction once
after she loves him
although | she doesn’t love him
Mary agreed to marry Paul | and she loved him
because | she didn’t love him
before they had two sons
but he moves to Hollywood
if he moved to Hollywood
Mary will marry Paul so he was a rock star
though | they decided to go into business when together
Write each conjunction in A on page 32 in your own language
Fill in the blanks with words from the chart in B on page 32
I love swimming, and my brother loves swimming (1) Almost
everyonein my family loves swimming (2) my grandmother
swims every day She swims (3) a fish (4) my father
doesn’t like it very much I can swim better (5) my father
Think about your family and your habits Write sentences about your
habits with only, even, than, like, also, too, and as well
| play tennis and my mother plays too My mother plays better than | do
Complete these sentences about yourself
Iam learning English because
II learn more English if -<ccS2
Tam learning English, and .ò
Iam learning English although . -:-:
I started learning English when 22-23
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Time words (1): days, months, and seasons
Basic time words
There are:
365 days ina year 24 hours in a day
12 months in a year 60 minutes in an hour (Note: an hour)
52 weeks in a year 60 seconds in a minute
7 days in a week 100 years in a century
Days of the week
Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday
The names of the days always begin with a capital letter in English
Saturday + Sunday = the weekend (in most English-speaking countries)
Pe (as et | Thursday
the day before
yesterday
the day after
~<— yesterday «—— today ——» tomorrow —> tomorrow Monday morning = Monday (before 12 noon)
Monday afternoon = Monday (between 12 noon and about S$ or 6 p.m.) Monday evening = Monday (from about 5 or 6 p.m until 9 or 10 p.m.)
We say on + days of the week: on Monday, on Saturday, etc
I saw her on Friday / on Tuesday evening
We say on/over + the weekend
I went skiing on the weekend / over the weekend
Months and seasons
Months: January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, October, November, December
The names of the months always begin with a capital letter in English
Some countries have four seasons: spring, summer, fall/autumn, and winter
spring summer fall⁄autumn winter
We say in + monthséeasons: in July, in May, in (the) fall, in (the) summer, etc
My birthday is in March (not en March) Birds sing in (the) spring
Tip: Write the day and date in English whenever you do an English exercise
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Complete the sentences with a word from A on page 34
Say (a) the days of the week and (b) the months of the year
Complete this poem about the number of days in each month
Thirty days has September ,
“1 1¬" „andN
All the rest have 5
Except for E alone:
Which has but twenty-eight, in fine,
Till leap year gives it 0.000.000.0000 [every four years]
These abbreviations are often used for the days of the week and the
months Write out the names in full
1 Mon 4 Sat 7 Apt 10 Sept
2 Aug 5 Wed 8 Thurs 11 Tues
3 Oct 6 Jan 9 Feb 12 Nov
What are the next few letters in each case? Explain why
Correct the five mistakes in this paragraph
I’m going to a party on saturday for Jill’s birthday Her birthday is on tuesday,
but she wanted to have the party on the Weekend She’s having a barbecue I
think spring is a good time to have a party because of the weather I love going
to barbecues on the spring My birthday is in Winter, and it’s too cold to eat
outside!
Quiz: How quickly can you answer these questions?
How many seconds are there in a quarter of an hour?
What day is it today?
What day will it be the day after tomorrow?
What day was it the day before yesterday?
What is the seventh month?
What month is it?
What century is it?
How many minutes are there in half an hour?
What month is your birthday in?
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Time words (2)
Time in relation to now
Now means at this moment Then means at another moment (in the past or in
the future)
It is 10 o’clock now
I got up 2 hours ago, at 8 o’clock
I'll eat lunch in 2 hours
Then it will be 12 o°clock
for two years [for + a period of time]
from 1997 to 1999 1997 —» 1999
from 2017 to 2019
I lived in Brazil for two years I worked in Rio from 1997 to 1999
last year / last week / last Saturday
next year / next week / next summer
It is July now
Last month it was June
Next month it will be August
When we talk about time in general, we talk about the past, the present, and
the future
In the past people didn’t have computers
People may travel to Mars in the future
Pll be with you in a moment [a very short time]
Jane is on the phone at the moment [now]
See you soon! [in a short time] We met recently [not long ago]
Frequency adverbs
always often now andthen notoften rarely
Ị Ị Ị | | |
usually sometimes occasionally hardly ever never
It always snows in Canada during the winter
It often rains in Seattle
The temperature in London hardly ever gets to 35°C [almost never]
It never snows in Singapore
Note the use of a in these expressions of frequency:
once [one time] a week: I go swimming once a week, every Saturday
twice [two times] a day: I brush my teeth twice a day
three times a month: I play soccer three or four times a month
four times a year: I see my uncle four times a year