Think 3 Student book

Challenge and inspire your teenage learners to think beyond language. American Think is a vibrant course designed to engage teenage learners and make them think. As well as building students´ language skills, it offers a holistic approach to learning: developing their thinking skills, encouraging them to reflect on values and building their selfconfidence. Topics are chosen to appeal to and challenge teenagers, firing their imagination and ensuring effective learning. Examstyle exercises and tips help students prepare for Cambridge English Key, Preliminary and First. Informed by the Cambridge English Corpus, the course reflects real language usage and ´Get it right´ sections help students avoid common mistakes.

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T h e a u t h o r s w o u l d like t o t h a n k all t h o s e w h o h a v e m a d e

c o n t r i b u t i o n s t o t h e d e v e l o p m e n t , c r e a t i o n a n d p r o d u c t i o n o f Think

Many thanks to teachers in various countries for piloting the course and for

their valuable feedback Thanks too to their students, for their enthusiasm

and for putting up with manuscripts rather than the attractive pages our

designers have created in the meantime

The members of our digital team, Helen Kenyon, Amarjeet Purewal and

Brendan Wightman for their expertise and creative thought

Thanks also to Chris Williams for his invaluable production support

We would like to thank the Cambridge English teams around the world for

their continuous support

We would like to thank very warmly our editorial team: Rebecca Raynes,

Dena Daniel, Peter McFarlane, Delia Kidd and Kathryn Davies for all the

energy and care they have put into this project Our special thanks go

to Jo Burgess (Commissioning Editor), Katie La Storia and Claudia Fiocco

(Publishers), Belinda Fenn (Publishing Manager) and James Dingle (Editorial

Director) for their dedication to Think, the great spirit of collaboration and

many excellent suggestions we got from them

We are indebted to the Cambridge University Press leadership: Frances

Lowndes (Global Publishing Director Schools), for being involved so actively

in the planning stages of the project despite her huge workload; John Tuttle

and Neil Tomkins (Deputy Managing Directors); Michael Peluse (Managing

Director); and Peter Philips (Chief Executive) for the constructive dialogue

over the years

Last but not least, we would like to thank our partners Mares, Adriana and

Claudia Without their support this project would not have happened

C o r p u s

Development of this publication has made use of the Cambridge English Corpus (CEC) The CEC is a computer database of contemporary spoken and written English, which currently stands at over one billion words It includes British English, American English and other varieties of English It also includes the Cambridge Learner Corpus, developed in collaboration with Cambridge English Language Assessment Cambridge University Press has built up the CEC to provide evidence about language use that helps to produce better language teaching materials

E n g l i s h Profile

This product is informed by the English Vocabulary Profile, built as part

of English Profile, a collaborative programme designed to enhance the learning, teaching and assessment of English worldwide Its main funding partners are Cambridge University Press and Cambridge English Language Assessment and its aim is to create a 'profile' for English linked

to the Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (CEF)

English Profile outcomes, such as the English Vocabulary Profile, will provide detailed information about the language that learners can be expected to demonstrate at each CEF level, offering a clear benchmark for learners' proficiency For more information, please visit www

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at w w w c a m b r i d g e l m s o r g / t h i n k

C O N T E N T S

Welcome p 4 A let and allow; Music; Verbs of perception; The big screen; Present perfect tenses; T V programmes В O u r endangered planet;

Question tags; So do I / Neither do I; Accepting and refusing invitations; Party time; Indefinite pronouns; Arranging a party С Feeling under the weather;

Giving advice; Better or worse?; Comparisons D Reported speech; Sequencing words; Asking for and offering help; IT problems; IT vocabulary; Passive tenses

Present tenses (review) Future tenses (review)

Making changes Life plans

W o r d W i s e : Phrases with up

Unit 2

Hard times

p 2 0

Talking about the past Narrative tenses (review)

would and used to

(don't) have to 1 ought to 1 should(n't) / must had better (not)

can('t) 1 must(n't)

Making and selling

Expressions with name

First and s e c o n d conditional (review)

T i m e conjunctions

wish and if only

Third conditional (review)

Being honest Making a decision

W o r d W i s e : now

Review Units 3 & 4 p a g e s 46-47

Telling a story Relative pronouns

Defining and non-defining relative clauses

Relative clauses with which

T y p e s of story Elements of a story

What a story!

p 4 8

Telling a story Relative pronouns

Defining and non-defining relative clauses

Relative clauses with which

T y p e s of story Elements of a story

Present and past passive (review)

have something done

Future and present perfect passive (review)

Extreme adjectives and modifiers

make 1 let and be allowed to

be 1 get used to

Phrasal verbs (1) Personality

W o r d W i s e : Phrases with all

J

Review Units 7 & 8 p a g e s 8 2 - 8 3 _

Making deductions Modals of deduction (present)

should(n't) have

Modals of d e d u c t i o n (past)

Mysteries Expressions with go

Unit 10

Money

p 9 2

Sympathising Talking about future events

Future continuous Future perfect

M o n e y and value Jobs and work

Verbs followed by gerund or infinitive

to 1 in order to 1 so as to

so and such

Danger and safety Adjectives with negative prefixes

Unit 12

A first time for

* U :

Expressing regret Talking about fears

Phrasal verbs

/ wish 1 If only + past perfect

Phrasal v e r b s ( 2 ) Nervousness and fear

Review Units 11 & 12 p a g e s 1 1 8 - 1 1 9

Pronunciation Get it right! Speaking activities

i

R e a d i n g Article: 1 miss my b a d habits

Article: For a better life Photostory: What's up with Mia?

W r i t i n g A n email about resolutions

L i s t e n i n g A conversation about famous p e o p l e w h o started their

careers late

R e a d i n g Article: Events that shook the world

Article: Family life in 17th-century Britain Culture: W h e r e life is really hard

W r i t i n g A magazine article about a historical event

L i s t e n i n g A class presentation about animals being put on trial

! Strong and weak forms: /DV/

; and / a v /

C o n s o n a n t - v o w e l w o r d linking

T r a i n t o Think: Identifying the main topic

of a paragraph

S e l f - e s t e e m : People and their names

T r a i n to Think: Thinking of consequences

V a l u e s : Doing the right thing

R e a d i n g Article: Brand names

Article: C r a z y names

Fiction: Wild Country by Margaretjohnson

W r i t i n g A reply to a letter asking for advice

L i s t e n i n g A conversation about techniques for

remembering names

j R e a d i n g Q u i z : W h a t would Y O U do?

Article: The day Billy Ray's life changed forever Photostory: A n d the hole gets d e e p e r !

i W r i t i n g A diary entry about a dilemma

i L i s t e n i n g A guessing game: Famous W i s h e s

The schwa / э / in w o r d endings T r a i n t o Think: Thinking about different R e a d i n g Article: E v e r y b o d y loves stories - but why?

The schwa / э / in w o r d endings

writing styles Article: H o l l y w o o d fairytales

S e l f - e s t e e m : A better world Culture: Ireland - a nation of storytellers

W r i t i n g A fairy tale

L i s t e n i n g A conversation about a short story

T h e /3/ p h o n e m e T r a i n t o Think: Understanding what's relevant R e a d i n g Article: The man who walks on air

T h e /3/ p h o n e m e

S e l f - e s t e e m : Life changes Blog: H o w Do They D o That?

S e l f - e s t e e m : Life changes

Fiction: The Mind Map by David Morrison

W r i t i n g Explaining how things are d o n e

1 L i s t e n i n g A conversation about a new tattoo

Intonation - inviting, accepting

and refusing invitations

Intonation - expressing surprise

T r a i n to Think: Thinking outside the box

V a l u e s : Stereotypes

] T r a i n to T h i n k : Thinking about empathy

j V a l u e s : Respecting the law; Understanding

I that punishment will follow crime

R e a d i n g Film synopses: Billy Elliot and Bend It Like Beckham

Article: My prisoner, my friend, my president and my father Photostory: The nerd

W r i t i n g A n article about stereotypes

L i s t e n i n g A talk about a trip to Japan

R e a d i n g News reports: Thief feels sorry, Father angry victim of

online con Article: Getting creative with crime Culture: Famous criminals

W r i t i n g A r e p o r t of a crime

L i s t e n i n g A n interview about restorative justice

Moving w o r d stress T r a i n to Think: Fact or opinion?

V a l u e s : Thinking carefully before you act

R e a d i n g Article: The truth is out there

Article: Lost

Fiction: Howl Met Myselfby David A Hill

W r i t i n g Explaining a mystery

L i s t e n i n g A short story Short and long vowel sounds:

/ i / - / i : / a n d / D / - / 3 U /

T r a i n t o Think: Exaggeration

S e l f - e s t e e m : What's important for your future?

R e a d i n g Article: Bitcoins: here to stay?

W e b forum: A r e they worth it?

Photostory: S t r a p p e d for cash

W r i t i n g My life in the future

L i s t e n i n g A quiz show: Show Me The Money!

Strong and weak forms: /till/

and Д э /

Different pronunciations of ea

T r a i n to Think: Understanding cause and effect

S e l f - e s t e e m : Offering and accepting help

T r a i n to T h i n k : Logical conclusions

V a l u e s : Breaking new ground

R e a d i n g News report: Local man's bravery r e w a r d e d

Article: Emergency? W h a t emergency?

Culture: The Great Escape

W r i t i n g A story about a rescue

L i s t e n i n g The story of the farmer, the donkey and the well

R e a d i n g Article: The first thing you r e m e m b e r

Readers' letters: My first (and last) time

Fiction: Bullring Kid and Country Cowboy by Louise Clover

W r i t i n g A story about a b a d decision

L i s t e n i n g A presentation about the history of the Internet

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let and allow

1 Ьшкдгщ Complete the conversation with the

words Then listen and check

a l l o w e d | makes | talent show I

look I feel j sound | guitar | get

Hey, K i m , what are y o u 0 looking at?

M y Science b o o k Can't y o u see I'm busy?

I'm just asking Sorry

No H e says no music until after my exams

But t h e y don't finish for four w e e k s !

I know H e wants me to study a n d forget about

w r i t i n g 8 H e won't even 9

But y o u n e e d some time to relax

I know 11 1 so angry w h e n I think a b o u t

it It just isn't fair

2 QBEEI Listen again Answer the questions

1 W h y is Kim angry?

2 H o w long is it until the exams finish?

3 W h a t d o e s Lisa think a b o u t the situation?

4 W h o d o y o u agree with: Kim or her d a d ? W h y ?

do during exam time? What don't they let you do? Make lists Then compare with a partner

Music

Sort the words into two groups Label the groups

Then think of four more items for each one

d r u m s i classical | j a z z | violin guitar | p o p j piano I rap

- Verbs of perception

Complete the sentences from the conversation with the correct forms of (not) look. Then match them with the rules

W e use v e r b s o f p e r c e p t i o n (look, smell,

feel, taste)

in the present continuous to talk about actions |

in the present simple to talk about states

Complete the mini-dialogues with the correct forms of the verbs

В B e c a u s e it's so soft I like the w a y it

3 Work in pairs Kim tries to persuade her dad

to let her play in the talent show Write a conversation of eight lines Then read it out

WELCOME

e big screen

ВВЕШ8И Work in pairs For each type of film, think of an example that you have both seen

action I animated | c o m e d y ! d r a m a | horror | romantic c o m e d y | science fiction I thriller

4

2 Read the article What types of films

does it mention? wJiG*i. СЛ>^-И1Л ,

3 Read the article again and mark the

sentences T (true), F (false) or DS

5 He's never w o n an Oscar j^/J

4 ЕШНЗШЗ Work in pairs Think of your

favourite film director and discuss these

questions

1 W h a t films has this d i r e c t o r made?

2 W h a t d o y o u like a b o u t his/her films?

Present perfect tenses

Complete the sentences Use the present

perfect simple or continuous form of the

verbs and ( circle ) the correct words,

87 minutes a n d neither side has.scored yet

I yet htilj kOA^tff^ fc^otwatch) the final,

so please don't tell me which singer w o n

НМА y o u ^1 '{ (see) last night's show

still I yet? B r a d Pitt a n d L a d y G a g a w e r e guests

4 T h e children pJA&l A -li^i (sjt)ln<front o f the

T V watching SpongeBob for I since they got up

5 It's the funniest p r o g r a m m e on T V I

Behind the camera

Chris Columbus

HHMHsHHHHHHMBHwBR

A 12-year-old who gets left behind when his family go on holiday,

a teenage magician fighting to save his world and the troubled son of a Greek god living in modern-day America: these are

(not miss) an e p i s o d e still J yet

just three of the characters brought to life on the big screen by

director Chris Columbus With films such as Home Alone, Harry

Potter and the Chamber of Secrets and Percy Jackson and the Sea of Monsters, Columbus has certainly shown that he knows

how tojet teenagers into the cinema

Columbus has been making films for more than 30 years and has become one of the most successful film directors of all time

Since he directed his first film, Adventures in Babysitting, in 1987,

Columbus has been involved in some of the biggest films as both

a director and a producer

But Columbus doesn't only make action films for the teenage market He's also made a number of successful films for adults

Comedies such as Mrs Doubtfire, dramas such as The Help and science fiction films such as Bicentennial Man have all helped

make Columbus one of Hollywood's most popular film-makers

T h e Prime Minister KM ЫМ

the same thing fori since w e e k s now N o o n e

believes him. c~

T V programmes

1 Work in pairs Look at the sentences in the previous exercise Match them with the types of T V programme

talent s h o w [ sitcom ] cartoon I sports programme | the news I chat s h o w

2 Choose a type of T V programme from the list below Write a sentence about it using the present perfect simple and/or continuous Don't include the type of programme in your sentence!

d r a m a series | game s h o w | reality show | soap ( o p e r a )

/ ve been watching It for weeks, but no one has won the million-dollar prize yet

3 ЕЯДИЕИ Read out your sentence Can the rest of the class guess the type of T V programme?

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В T I M E Т О A C T

Our endangered planet

Listen to three conversations Match them with the photos

Listen again In which conversation do you hear these words? Write the number

1 Complete these sentences from the

recording with the question tags

are t h e y ? | aren't t h e y ? | d o e s it?

d i d t h e y ? j is it? j isn't it?

w e r e n ' t t h e y ? j doesn't it?

2 But it only takes a f e w p e o p l e to spoil

e v e r y t h i n g , ' '/ | '• ' -" ' J n

3 Yes, it's all those fumes from the factory,

у / у / { H

-4 T h e y didn't ask us if w e w a n t e d it here,

5 Even if they do, i t d o e s n ' t make our lives

a n y better, 0WSf П

-6 H u n d r e d s of homes w e r e d a m a g e d

•

-7 A n d t h e politicians aren't really d o i n g

anything to help, iCtf'f

8 It isn't the sort of thing you'd e x p e c t to see

2 I don't like 4 I don't believe

Accepting and refusing invitations

1 Put the sentences in order to make a conversation Then listen and check

j 7 J S U E M a r c o a n d I w a n t to d o something to help the

flood victims

S U E Yes - 2 0 k m ! W a n t to j o i n us?

S U E That's a shame But y o u will sponsor us, won't y o u

S U E W e ' r e going to d o a s p o n s o r e d walk next Sunday

D E R E K O f c o u r s e I will

| D E R E K A r e y o u going to walk a long way?

| D E R E K W h a t are y o u going to d o ?

j D E R E K I'd love to, but I can't I'm busy

Work in pairs Write a conversation using the underlined phrases from Exercise 1

You a n d y o u r f r i e n d are t i r e d o f all the rubbish in the street and have d e c i d e d to d o something a b o u t it W h a t are y o u going to d o ? Invite another f r i e n d to j o i n y o u

I

к

W E L C O M E

<

m

Party time

1 Work in pairs Imagine you're organising a party Make a list of important things to do

2 Read the article Does it mention the things on your list?

J L ж •

am I having a party?' (It's my birthday;

the exams are over; our football team won a

match; I just want a party.)

All the best parties have a theme What are you

going to choose for yours? Beach party? 1970s disco?

Something else? You also n e e d to find 1 to

hold your party W h e r e v e r you decide to have it, it's

probably a good idea to 2 permission from

your parents first

Next, who are you going to invite: 3 you

know or just some of your friends? It's time to

4 the guest list Remember: think carefully

about how many people you can afford to invite

W h e n your list is ready, you can 5 the

invitations Two weeks before the party is the ideal

time Any sooner, a n d people might forget about the

party; any later, and some of your guests might

already have other plans

OK, so now you've got a fortnight to get it all ready

Don't panic - it's plenty of time, but don't leave

6- until the last m i n u t e If you want to

a DJ, start looking now R e m e m b e r that

he or she might want you to 8_ _ a deposit,

so make sure you have the money for that Then you

need to 9 the food and 1 0 the room,

although these things c a n b e left until the day before

Finally, get a good night's sleep t h e night before,

give yourself a few hours to get the last few things

ready and then, most importantly of all, have fun!

3 Read the article again and complete it with the missing words

get j s e n d out j organise | pay

e v e r y o n e | hire j decorate

s o m e w h e r e | d r a w up | e v e r y t h i n g

Indefinite pronouns

suitable indefinite pronouns (everyone,

somewhere, nothing, etc.) Then listen

and check

TOM H a v e y o u g o t1 r e a d y for the p a r t y ?

f o u n d 3 to have it, for a start

W e ' v e l o o k e d4 _ TOM H a v e y o u invited 5 _ yet?

JADE Y e s , w e ' v e invited 50 p e o p l e a n d

TOM So you've got 50 p e o p l e coming, but

JADE That's right

H o w a b o u t using my house?

JADE W h a t a b o u t y o u r parents?

TOM T h e y won't mind T h e y ' r e going

9 for the w e e k e n d I'll make

w h e n t h e y get home

2 Read the next part of the story and continue the conversation Write four more lines Use at least one indefinite pronoun

It's the day after the party Tom's mum and dad arrive home and open the door

MUM W h a t ' s h a p p e n e d ? Look at our house!

DAD T o m ! T O M ! TOM O h , hi, M u m H i , D a d Y o u ' r e home early Did y o u have a g o o d time?

Arranging a party

ЕЗНЗИИ Work in pairs to organise a party

Be creative! Think about:

7

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С IN M Y O P I N I O N ,

Feeling under the weather

1 Listen to the conversation

What's the matter with Gemma?

2 Complete the conversation with

the words

a p p o i n t m e n t | should | operation

e n e r g y i better | get | physically | took

M U M Y o u don't look well, G e m m a

W h a t ' s up?

G E M M A I'm just t i r e d all the time, M u m

You know, I haven't got any

m o r e exercise, you'd b e m o r e tired

4 a n d then you'd s l e e p better

G E M M A You're j o k i n g , right? I run, I go swimming,

I go for long walks M y p r o b l e m isn't

exercise

M U M Yes, you're right, of course W e l l , p e r h a p s

make an 6 for y o u if y o u like

G E M M A A d o c t o r ? I don't think so I don't feel sick

-just t i r e d I'm sure I'll 7 better soon

M U M O K , well, w e can talk a b o u t it later I'm going

out to see a f r i e n d of mine w h o had an

G E M M A O K , M u m H o p e y o u r friend's all right

A n d don't w o r r y a b o u t me I'll b e fine

3 Match the verbs 1-6 with a - f to make phrases

Sometimes there's more than one possible

Write down as many words related to health as

you can think of Then compare with a partner

g°-to s e e a docg°-tor

go and visit her

The d o c t o r is v e r y busy, so y o u make

an a p p o i n t m e n t Don't just turn up

5 Y o u r k n e e hurts? W e l l , you'd not play

W E L C O M E

I'm really tired of awards ceremonies

and prizes Why do we have to

compare things? Everywhere you look,

there's something going on about

who or what is 'the best' or 'the most

comfortable' or 'the biggest', and so

on And sometimes the prize winners

aren't the best anyway!

л

\

Here's an example: the Oscars in 2014

I saw the film Gravity and it was the

most exciting film I'd ever seen But did it win the Oscar for Best Film? No!

They gave the award to Twelve Years

A Slavel Can you believe it? It wasn't

as good as Gravity at all

OK, Gravityw&s the most successful

film at the Oscars

it got seven awards but I don't think that's enough Sandra Bullock was fantastic

-as Dr Ryan I think she's much better

than Cate Blanchett, who won Best Actress But the good thing is that

Gravity won Best Visual Effects

-I've never seen anything as fantastic And was the music good? It was great! No other film had music as brilliant as that

I said all these things to my friend Dave the day after the Oscars I told him I thought the judges were the craziest people in the world Dave asked me how many films I'd seen

in 2013.1 said, 'One - Gravity:

Dave says he doesn't know anyone

1 T h e writer likes a w a r d s ceremonies

2 Gravity w o n Best Film at the 2 0 1 4 O s c a r s

3 T h e w r i t e r thinks the visual effects in

Gravity a r e t h e best he's e v e r seen

4 Dave thinks the writer is v e r y intelligent

ВЗВШИ Work in pairs Discuss these

questions

1 W h a t other awards ceremonies d o you know of?

2 Do y o u like a w a r d s ceremonies? W h y (not)?

3 Do y o u think it's fair to c o m p a r e different movies,

actors, music, etc a n d choose o n e as the best?

Compariso ns

1 Complete the sentences with the correct form

of the adjectives and adverbs Add any other necessary words

1 T h e w e a t h e r t o m o r r o w won't b e _ (cold)

as today

2 This is the ( g o o d ) pizza I've ever eaten

3 D o y o u think this is (difficult) than the

other test?

4 This book's O K , but it isn't the (interesting) o n e I've e v e r read

5 S h e learns things (easy) than I do

6 I'm not v e r y g o o d at tennis, but I'm _

( b a d ) a s j a n i c e !

7 H u r r y u p ! C a n ' t y o u walk (quick) than that?

8 Do y o u speak as (loud) y o u r sister?

2 и а д я 1 и Д Work in pairs or small groups Discuss these statements Do you agree or disagree with them? Why?

1 T h e best things in life are free

2 If something is more e x p e n s i v e , it's always better

3 It's m o r e important to w o r k hard than to play hard

4 Exercise isn't as important as g o o d sleep

3 Choose two things or people from one of these categories Write a paragraph comparing them

sports that y o u like actors that y o u like

t o w n s or cities that y o u know school subjects books that y o u have read

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VOCABULARY: making changes;

life plans; phrases with up

R E A D I N G

1 What are the people doing in the photos? Do

you think these are good or bad habits? Why?

2 Tick ( / ) the bad habits that you have Then add

two more of your own

[~~] not doing enough exercise

{ ] leaving y o u r h o m e w o r k until the last minute

J ] forgetting important dates

П texting w h e n y o u shouldn't

playing c o m p u t e r games w h e n y o u should

be studying

getting u p late for school

3 ИЗИЯШЭ Work in pairs What can you do to

change some of these habits?

4 Read the article quickly What two things is the writer trying to change about her life?

Read the article again and listen Mart the sentences T (true) or F (false)

1 T h e writer has to finish the article by the following day

2 T h e writer is finding it easy to lead a healthier life

3 W e use different parts o f our brain

d e p e n d i n g on w h o w e ' r e thinking about

4 O u r brains don't always let us make g o o d choices for our future selves

5 It takes just u n d e r t w o months for our brains

to feel h a p p y with changes to our lifestyles

6 T h e w r i t e r has d e c i d e d that she'll never b e

a b l e to change her habits

! LIFE PLANS

I don't b e l i e v e it! It's 11 p m and

I'm still sitting h e r e writing this

article for the school magazine! I've

had two w e e k s to write it and my

teacher wants it tomorrow, She's

always complaining that I leave

things to the last minute Maybe

she's right A month ago, I m a d e a

resolution to b e m o r e efficient this

y e a r and to n e v e r leave things to

the last minute Well, I've failed

At the moment, I g u e s s kids all over

the country a r e thinking b a c k to

the resolutions they m a d e at the

b e g i n n i n g of the school year Some

of them have a l r e a d y given up for

this year Others a r e still doing

well Many, I suspect, like me, a r e

struggling with them I've also b e e n

trying to get fitter for four w e e k s

now I've s t a r t e d going to the gym,

I've taken up karate lessons and

I've c h a n g e d my diet I've e v e n

b e e n going to b e d earlier But I'm

not feeling any fitter, just a little

unhappier I miss my b a d habits

Why is l e a d i n g a b e t t e r life so hard?

I've just r e a d an article on a

website and I've d i s c o v e r e d that it

isn't my fault! In fact, it isn't

anyone's fault It's our brains

They're p r o g r a m m e d to m a k e it

difficult to b r e a k b a d habits There's

nothing we c a n do For example,

you're sitting up late playing

h a b i t s

Minecraft You know you've got an important test tomorrow, so why don't you just turn off the computer a n d go

to b e d ? As I said, it's your brain's fault Scientists h a v e done e x p e r i m e n t s that show we u s e one p a r t of our

b r a i n when we think about ourselves and another when

we think about other

But that's not all Scientists have also d i s c o v e r e d that it t a k e s a r o u n d ten w e e k s to form a g o o d habit For example, it's going to take another six w e e k s before going to the

g y m stops b e i n g so difficult a n d

b e c o m e s an automatic p a r t of my life That's b e c a u s e ten w e e k s is the amount of time the b r a i n n e e d s to

c h a n g e and accept new behavioural

p a t t e r n s as p a r t of e v e r y d a y life

The g o o d n e w s is that once you

m a k e it to ten w e e k s , e v e r y t h i n g

b e c o m e s a lot easier The b a d news

is that ten w e e k s is a really long time, so it's e a s y to give up on your

Anything is possible!

Reading between the lines

Sometimes a writer doesn't tell us everything directly: we need

to draw conclusions from the information the writer gives

We call this 'reading between the lines'

6 Answer the questions and give reasons for

your answers

0 W h o is the writer? ( p a r a g r a p h 1)

She's a schoolgirl — she's writing for the school

magazine and mentions her teacher

1 Does the writer feel guilty that she hasn't finished

the article? ( p a r a g r a p h 1)

2 Does she enjoy exercise? ( p a r a g r a p h 1)

S P E A K I N G

Work in pairs Discuss these questions

1 W h a t resolutions are y o u going to make for this school year?

2 W h a t d o y o u think is the secret of changing y o u r life for t h e better?

Careful planning bo work first, play later

Listen to your parents

13 www.frenglish.ru

G R A M M A R

Present tenses (review)

1 Match sentences 1-5 with the tenses a - d and then

complete the rule with the names of the tenses

1 I'm still sitting here writing this article

2 I've also been trying to get fitter for four weeks now

3 I've started going to the g y m

4 I'm not feeling any fitter, just a little unhappier

5 T h e brain sees the 'future y o u ' as a different

p e r s o n to your 'present you'

4 W e use the t o talk a b o u t actions

that s t a r t e d in the past a n d a r e still h a p p e n i n g

L O O K ! W e can use t h e p r e s e n t c o n t i n u o u s

w i t h always t o complain a b o u t b e h a v i o u r that

w e d o n ' t like a n d find a n n o y i n g

My dad's always telling me what to do

Complete the text with the correct present tei forms of the verbs Sometimes more than one tense is possible

It's 2 am and 11 (lie) in bed 12

trouble sleeping for about a month now 14

(try) different things to help me sleep, but nothing

It's exam time, so 18 (study) a lot There's

me to go to university, but I'm just not sure what to do

S P E A K I N G Work in pairs Think about a problc you've been having and tell your partner

I've been fighting a lot with m y little brother recently I've tried to ignore him, but it's impossibl

7 change your ways

a stop doing something

b find something difficult

f d e c i d e to make a positive change

g d o things differently (usually for the better)

loads of resolutions and decided to

up late at weekends For two months I got up at 8 am

But by 2 pm I felt sleepy, so 14 up sleeping in the afternoon I a l s o5 up wasting time online, but my parents bought me a laptop and that was the end of that Then

habits as well: for example, I started piano lessons But I

year I've only made one resolution: not to make any resolutions

В Н В Ш И ш Н Н Ш Я Н

S P E A K I N G Work in pairs Discuss these questions

1 W h a t subjects are y o u d o i n g well in at school?

2 W h a t subjects d o y o u struggle with?

3 W h a t w a s t h e last thing y o u gave up doing? W h y ?

»3

14

Listen and check

n tawiKi Read the questions carefully

Listen again and make notes

5 W h y d o e s Ben tell A n n i e not to w o r r y ?

ЕЕШЗЗПВИ Work in pairs Compare your answers to Exercise 3

G R A M M A R

Future tenses (review)

1 Look at the sentences from the listening

Complete them with the correct future forms

of the verbs Then complete the rule with

present continuous, going to and w/7/

1 I (meet) the careers advisor

this afternoon

3 I'm sure y o u (do) well w h a t e v e r

y o u d o

RULE:

To talk about future arrangements, w e often use

• T o talk about intentions, w e often use 3 _

( Circle ) the best tense

1 We'll go I We're going to the beach this Friday

D o y o u w a n t to come?

2 I don't think I'll finish I I'm finishing this h o m e w o r k

3 / won't go I I'm not going to university this year

I w a n t to take a y e a r off

4 I've got an a p p o i n t m e n t with the dentist

tomorrow I'm seeing I I'll see her at 10 a m

5 Daisy's learning to fly She'll be I She's going to be

a pilot

6 I'm not eating I going to eat chocolate That's my

resolution for next year

7 A r g e n t i n a will win I are winning the next W o r l d

C u p That's what I think

8 We're flying I We will fly on Friday I'm so excited

Write down:

1 t w o arrangements y o u ' v e got for this w e e k

2 t w o intentions you've got for this year

3 t w o predictions for your life

www.frenglish.ru

R E A D I N G

with Then discuss them in pairs

A g o o d friend

always tells y o u what t h e y ' r e thinking

[ | never criticises y o u

agrees with e v e r y t h i n g y o u say

j always listens w h e n y o u have a p r o b l e m

Read the article and match the titles with the

paragraphs

j J N o o n e is h a p p y all the time

Stop e x p e c t i n g e v e r y b o d y to like y o u

Don't e x p e c t p e o p l e always to agree w i t h y o u

Stop e x p e c t i n g p e o p l e to know what you're

thinking

Don't e x p e c t p e o p l e to change

Read the article again Which paragraphs she these people read and think about? There mi

be more than one possible answer

1 'Billy's so unfriendly to me I don't k n o w w h a t Г

d o n e wrong.'

2 'Can't t h e y s e e I don't really feel like talking? I j

w a n t them to leave me alone.'

3 'Katie's always got a smile on her face I wish m)

was as p e r f e c t as hers.'

4 'I t h i n k j e n n y w o u l d b e a brilliant d r u m m e r for

b a n d I don't know what y o u r p r o b l e m is.'

5 'I wish Dylan wasn't so untidy H e always makes

Life c a n be hard, a n d w h e n our plans don't w o r k

out, it's often easy to blame others Sometimes

w e expect too m u c h from friends a n d family, a n d

w h e n they don't act as w e think they s h o u l d , w e

feel disappointed Maybe it w o u l d be easier if w e

stopped expecting so m u c h from other people

>ne is perfect, a n d that includes y o u

So you want to travel the world before you do a degree,

but your parents don't think it's a good idea Of course, it's

great if other people can support you in your decisions, but

you can't keep everyone happy all of the time It's your life

and you need to make the decisions to make you happy

Don't worry if there are people who aren't very nice to you,

because there are plenty of people who are They're called

your friends Spend time with them and avoid the others

And w h e n it comes to finding that special person and

settling down, r emember : there's somebody for everyone

You've been practising football all summer You think you're

good enough to be in the school team, but the teacher

doesn't seem to be thinking the same thing Maybe he just

hasn't thought about it at all He isn't a mind reader, so tell

•him Then at least he knows what you're thinking He might

even choose you

People can change, but they don't usually

do it because someone else wants them to You can try and tell them what you're not so happy about, so at least they know, but don'

be too disappointed if they carry on doing exactly the same things You have a choice: accept them or walk away

From their Facebook updates, you'd believe that all your friends are happy all the time and leading exciting lives Of course, they aren't, just like you know that your life isn't always perfect We all go through hard times and w e often try to hide it Be kind to people They might be having a bad day and your smile could make a big difference

1 LIFE PLANS

V O C A B U L A R Y

Life plans

1 Match the phrases with the pictures

Write 1-8 in the boxes

2 Complete the text with phrases from Exercise 1

Use the correct forms of the verbs

My uncle has always done things differently He

other places He spent the next twenty years

different countries When he was in his early forties, he

decided to return to the UK He went to university and

3 He did really well, and when he finished, he

job, h e5 _ quite quickly and he was soon Head

Translator When he was 48, he met the love of his life

Now he's 55, with three young children He says he wants

the whole family around the world with him I wouldn't be

• T H I N K SELF-ESTEEM H i

Life changes

1 Complete the table with your own ideas

One positive change One negative change

You do a degree

You start a career

You start a family

You get promoted

You retire

2 Е Ш Э Ш З Work in small groups Compare your ideas

W R I T I N G

An email about resolutions

Write an email to an English-speaking friend in another country Describe your resolutions for the

coming school year Write about:

• bad habits you're changing • n e w classes you're taking • activities y o u plan to take up • w h y you're d o i n g all of this

17 www.frenglish.ru

P H O T O S T O R Y : e p i s o d e 1

Look at the photos and answer the questions

W h a t d o y o u think the p r o b l e m is?

W h a t d o e s M i a want to give up?

m> 1.10 Now read and listen to the photostory, Check your answers

FLORA Hi, L e o Hi, Jeff

s o m e t h i n g t o d r i n k

M I A Y o u ' r e a s t a r T h a t ' s j u s t w h a t I n e e d JEFF So w h a t ' s u p , M i a ? W h y a r e y o u s o

M I A I k n o w I ' m o n l y h e r e b e c a u s e o r c h e s t r a

w a s c a n c e l l e d t h i s w e e k T h a n k

g o o d n e s s LEO D o n ' t y o u l i k e p l a y i n g t h e v i o l i n ? MIA N o t really I m e a n , I like p l a y i n g a n

i n s t r u m e n t I j u s t d o n ' t t h i n k I w a n t

t o c o n t i n u e w i t h t h e v i o l i n D o y o u

k n o w I s p e n d u p t o a n h o u r e v e r y d a y

p r a c t i s i n g ? FLORA So w h y d o y o u d o it?

M I A To k e e p m y m u m h a p p y , I s u p p o s e JEFF You s h o u l d t a l k t o her, tell h e r y o u w a n t

t o g i v e it u p MIA Y e a h , m a y b e But it's n o t a l w a y s s o e a s y

t o t a l k t o h e r FLORA Well, y o u n e e d t o d o s o m e t h i n g You

1 LIFE PLANS

D E V E L O P I N G S P E A K I N G

Work in pairs Discuss what you think Mia

decides to do Write down your ideas

We think that Mia decides to carry on with the

violin and continues playing in the orchestra

I с и л Watch and find out how the story

continues

Answer the questions

1 W h a t h a p p e n s at orchestra practice?

2 W h a t reasons d o e s M i a give to her mum for

giving up the violin?

3 W h y d o e s M i a think her mum changed her mind?

4 H o w is M i a learning the guitar?

5 W h y d o e s M i a enjoy playing the guitar?

P H R A S E S F O R F L U E N C Y

1 Find these expressions in the photostory

Who says them? How do you say them in

1 A Y o u look t i r e d Has it b e e n a b u s y day?

В Busy? _ First, I had a Maths test

T h e n I had D r a m a club at lunchtime T h e n it

was a five-kilometre run in PE

A W e l l , y o u just sit d o w n a n d I'll get y o u

something to eat

В Thanks, M u m

, A n n i e ? I haven't seen y o u for days

I haven't b e e n a n y w h e r e Y o u ' r e the one

w h o d i s a p p e a r e d

, I have b e e n quite busy

It's ten o'clock T i m e for the test

_ I'm really not r e a d y for this

M e neither I've got a feeling I'm not going

to pass

— Y o u always pass

W o r d W i s e

Phrases with u p

1 Match the phrases in bold with the definitions

1 So what's up, Mia?

5 It's up to me to d o something a b o u t it

6 I don't k n o w if I'm up to it

not in b e d

d o i n g what's the matter?

2 I w a s late watching T V last night

3 O h , n o ! Y o u look really unhappy ?

4 It isn't my decision It's y o u to

d e c i d e

5 He's 75 now, so he isn't long walks

6 This car can c a r r y six p e o p l e

1 Match the parts of the sentences

1 I'm not h a p p y with a it takes up so

2 T h e p r o b l e m is that much time

3 He's always b picking on me

4 If I'm honest, I don't really like the violin

O B J E C T I V E S

FUNCTIONS: talking about the |

GRAMMAR: narrative tenses (re

would and used to

VOCABULARY: descriptive verb time periods

R E A D I N G

1 Look at the pictures and answer the questions

1 W h a t d o the pictures illustrate?

2 H o w was life in the past h a r d e r than it is today?

2 Read the article quickly Make notes on these

questions about the Great Fire of London

In what year did it happen?

How did it start?

How long did it last?

How did people get away?

How was the fire stopped?

What damage did it do?

3 t s h i m Read the article again and listen

A d d details to your notes from Exercise 2

I I D A I lv

ri N

F o l l o w i n g a n i d e a t h r o u g h a paragr

It can be difficult to follow what a writer is trying to say

a longer paragraph We need to read carefully to understand fully what the writer is saying

4 Answer the questions

T h e e n d o f Paragraph 2 says: ' T h e situation provi

t h e p e r f e c t conditions for flames to s p r e a d q u i d

1 Look back at the paragraph H o w many thing

n e e d e d to start a big fire? List them

2 i H A R D T I M E S

The Great Fire of London

The event that changed the face of 17th-century London forever

I t w a s 1 am on Sunday 2

I September, 1666 London w a s

sleeping In a small bakery in

Pudding Lane, T h o m a s Farriner

and his workers were busily

making bread for the coming day

when, suddenly, a fire broke out

Just four days later, thousands of

houses had been destroyed and

countless people were homeless

How did this happen, and why

was the damage so extensive?

For a fire to start, three things are

needed: a spark, fuel and oxygen

In the bakery in Pudding Lane,

a maid didn't tend to the ovens

properly They got too hot and

sparks began to fly The weather

that year had been extremely hot

It hadn't rained for months But

people knew winter w a s coming,

so they'd stocked their cupboards

with food and oil Warehouses

were full of wood, coal and other

winter supplies A strong wind

was blowing from the east The

situation provided the perfect

conditions for flames to spread

quickly What followed w a s one

of the biggest disasters of the

17th-century world

The fire spread quickly, but it

w a s also extremely difficult to fight It started in a poor area of the city, where houses were built very close to one another Tens of thousands of people were living

in very small s p a c e s A simple house w a s often home to many families as well a s lodgers A s the catastrophe struck, people panicked Some had to s m a s h their doors to get out of their homes The streets were blocked with people and with material that had fallen from houses Many people had grabbed their most important possessions and were trying to flee from the flames with them They screamed in terror and suffered from the heat and the smoke Some e s c a p e d from the city on boats Others simply dived into the river to save themselves

I l i f e 1ч I L

The fire had been raging for almost four days when the Duke

of York put a plan into action

His soldiers demolished a large warehouse full of paper This robbed the fire of more fuel and created a 'fire break' that the flames could not jump over At about this time, the wind also changed direction, driving the fire back into itself At last, the flames died down enough to be controlled The fire w a s finished

Although surprisingly few people lost their lives, at least 13,000 houses - 80 per cent of the city's buildings - had been destroyed

Thousands of people had become homeless and had lost everything they owned Gradually, houses were rebuilt in the ruins, but this took several years Many Londoners moved away from their city and never returned

S P E A K I N G

Work in pairs Discuss these questions

1 W h t o t h r events w o u l d y o u suggest for the Events that shook the world series? W h y ?

2 If you had to leave your h o m e in a hurry a n d had the time to save t h r e e things, w h a t w o u l d y o u choose?

21 www.frenglish.ru

G R A M M A R

Narrative tenses (review)

1 Match the sentences from the article on page 21

with the tenses Then complete the rule

1 L o n d o n was sleeping

2 T h o m a s Farriner a n d his w o r k e r s were busily making

b r e a d [ ] w h e n , suddenly, a fire b r o k e out

3 It hadn't rained for months

4 T h e fire had been raging for almost four days

5 His soldiers demolished a large w a r e h o u s e

to talk about longer actions in the past interrupted by shorter actions

to set the scene

to talk about actions before a certain time

in the past

_ to talk about uninterrupted actions before

a certain time in the past

Complete the sentences with the past simple

or past continuous form of the verbs

0 W h i l e p e o p l e were т и и ш t o w a r d s the river,

a w a r e h o u s e exploded (run / e x p l o d e )

1 W h e n they how serious the situation

was, they their possessions a n d

to get away, (notice / take / try)

2 A man for his family w h e n he

a b a b y in t h e street, (look / find)

3 W h i l e they how to stop the fire,

it clear that little could b e d o n e

(think / b e c o m e )

4 W h i l e the p e o p l e in the b a k e r y b r e a d ,

a small fire (make / start)

Complete the conversation with the correct form of

the verbs Use the tenses from Exercise 1

burn ! d o j see I run I sit I walk g o J o p e n

I A N

O L I

I A N

22

I had a real scare yesterday A s 11 up to our

V O C A B U L A R Y

Descriptive verbs

1 Certain verbs make narratives sound mo dramatic Find these words in a dictionar and write down:

1 w h a t t h e y mean

2 their past simple a n d past participle f o r m :

smash rage d i v e ! flee I strike

demolish j grab j scream

2 Replace the underlined words with word from Exercise 1 Change the form if neces

H e p i c k e d up a stone and broke the w i n d s c r e e n of the car

T h e thief stole a motorbike

a n d e s c a p e d

T h e fires had b e e n burning for days, a n d no one k n e w how to stop t h e m

W h e n I got there, I heard

s o m e b o d y shouting with fear

T h e y k n o c k e d d o w n the houses

to make space for new shops

T h e man took my wallet from me quickly a n d ran away

T h e car lost control and hit another vehicle

H e t o o k off his clothes and

j u m p e d into the water

2 H A R D T I M E S

N G

Look at the picture Why do you think the cow was

in court? Choose the best option

A It w a s a c c u s e d of killing a human

В It w a s interrupting a court meeting

С A man was accused of hurting the cow

ШВ, Listen to Ryan's talk Then answer the

questions

1 W h e n w e r e animals taken to court?

2 In which parts of the w o r l d did this h a p p e n ?

: 3 j - рдига Listen again For questions 1-5, choose

В T h e y might not b e safe

С T h e y couldn't b e friends with humans

4 H o w did the other p e o p l e react to the man?

A T h e y thought he was crazy

W o r k on a huge multi-million-pound shopping centre has b e e n s t o p p e d

because nests of an e x t r e m e l y rare f r o g have b e e n f o u n d in t h e a r e a It is

one of only five places w h e r e this frog b r e e d s T h e p r o p e r t y d e v e l o p e r s

are putting pressure on the local government, saying it will b e a disaster

for the e c o n o m y if they aren't allowed to finish the j o b

Scenario B: / ;

A n elderly lady lives on her o w n S h e has family, but t h e y all live far away

A relative has suggested b u y i n g her a parrot for her 8 0 t h birthday O t h e r

family m e m b e r s are against the idea of keeping an animal in a cage

Scenario C: /

There is a hotel that's v e r y p o p u l a r with tourists because it's close to a

beautiful forest T h e forest is h o m e to a species of large spider A l t h o u g h

it s harmless, p e o p l e w o r k i n g in the hotel have b e e n given strict o r d e r s to

kill any spiders that get into the guest rooms

A b i r d in a cage can b e a great

c o m p a n i o n for a p e r s o n w h o lives alone, so it's the right present

C r e a t i n g places w h e r e p e o p l e can relax is more i m p o r t a n t than

w o r r y i n g a b o u t a f e w animals

W e can't afford to lose any species

o f animal

Places w h e r e e n d a n g e r e d animals have their natural habitat b e l o n g

to the animals, a n d not to p e o p l e

S p i d e r s are ugly a n d disgusting,

a n d many p e o p l e are scared

o f t h e m O f course t h e y should

b e killed

Birds n e e d to fly, a n d they n e e d space to b e able to d o that Cages should b e f o r b i d d e n

2 ВЗДЗДд Which of the statements 1-6 do you agree and disagree with? W h y ? Make notes of your

answers Then compare your ideas in pairs or small groups

23 www.frenglish.ru

R E A D I N G

1 Work in pairs Look at the pictures, the main title and the paragraph titles

What information do you think each paragraph might contain?

2 Read the article and check your answers

Family life

in 17th-century Britain

By the 17th century, life in Europe had started to become more comfortable

for those who had money Trade had become more important, and the

number of people who could read and write was starting to grow But while

the rich were enjoying good food, poetry and the theatre, life for the poor

hadn't changed much at all Here are a few examples of what ordinary

family life was like in the olden days

A typical household

W o m e n used t o have seven o r e i g h t

children, b u t o n e i n every t h r e e

children died before r e a c h i n g o n e

year o f age M a n y children h a d

t o leave h o m e w h e n t h e y were as

y o u n g as seven years o l d t o w o r k as

s h e p h e r d s or helpers o n farms There weren't m a n y elderly p e o p l e i n t h e families because p e o p l e died m u c h

n i g h t s , everyone i n t h e family w o u l d crowd t o g e t h e r t o sleep, t o w a r m each o t h e r u p Unfortunately, this

h a d a b a d effect o n people's h e a l t h Lice infestations were very c o m m o n ,

a n d if o n e p e r s o n suffered from a n illness, everybody else w o u l d g e t it

t o o T a k i n g a b a t h w a s such event t h a t everybody smelled t

Childcare

Life didn't allow people t o

a lot of t i m e w i t h t h e i r c h Parents used t o leave even very children o n t h e i r o w n for m o s t day Records from t h a t t i m e

m a n y stories of children w h

t o o close t o t h e fire a n d burr

d e a t h B u t even w h e n parents

w i t h their children, t h e y d i d n for t h e m i n t h e ways we're u

p a r e n t s d o i n g today C h i l d r e n often simply considered wc Parents didn't use t o sing soi their children or play w i t h th< used t o b e n o r m a l t o call a ch

r a t h e r t h a n ' h e ' or 'she'

It's often easy t o fantasise

t h e past a n d t h i n k h o w w o n d ( simple life w a s c o m p a r e d t o a pressure w e face in o u r d a y - t lives B u t w a s it really so greal

m o s t people, it probably wasn't

Read the article again Mark the sentences T (true) or F (false)

Correct the false sentences

1 Life in the 17th c e n t u r y was difficult for e v e r y b o d y , no matter

how much m o n e y they had

2 G r a n d p a r e n t s often used to live with t h e families a n d look

after t h e y o u n g children

3 T h e r e wasn't a lot of space in most people's homes a n d

t h e y often shared it with their animals

4 C h i l d r e n sometimes d i e d b e c a u s e their parents weren't

v e r y c o n c e r n e d a b o u t their safety

5 Parents these days s p e n d m o r e time with their children

than they d i d in t h e o l d e n days

S P E A K I N G Work in pairs Discuss these questions

C o m p a r e family life in t h e 17th century with family lifi now W h a t are the most stt differences?

W h a t d o y o u think life will like 100 years from now? V

b e easier? If so, how?

24

H A R D T I M E S

G R A M M A R

w o u l d a n d u s e d t o

Complete these sentences from the article on

page 24 Then complete the rule with used to I

didn't use to and would(n't)

1 W o m e n have seven or eight children

2 O n cold nights, e v e r y o n e in the family

c r o w d together to sleep, to w a r m each other up

3 Parents sing songs to their children or

play w i t h them

4 It b e normal to call a child 'it' rather than

'he' or 'she'

RULE: T o talk a b o u t habits a n d r e p e a t e d

actions in t h e past, w e can use used to I didn't

use to or would(n't)

* We use 1 _ with both action and stative verbs

• W e only use 2 with action verbs

2 ( ^ircjg ) the correct words Sometimes both

options are possible

1 W h e n I w a s a child, I would I used to play a lot

with my sister

2 W e would I used to have a cat, T u b b y

3 W e would I used to like her a lot a n d play with

her all t h e time

4 It's funny, but I would I used to think I'd never

learn to r e a d

5 W e would I used to share a b e d r o o m

6 M y sister a n d I would I used to b e such g o o d

friends!

3 Complete the sentences and conversations

with the correct form of used to

1 A _ y o u have a pet w h e n

y o u w e r e a child?

В Yes, I have a cat

2 W e have a car W e used to walk

e v e r y w h e r e

3 A y o u _ watch a lot of T V

w h e n y o u w e r e younger?

B Yes, I _ _ watch it e v e r y day w h e n I

got home f r o m school

4 I _ like v e g e t a b l e s , but I love them now

stories b e f o r e y o u w e n t to b e d ?

В No, he didn't, but my mum _ _

6 ' — — like having b i r t h d a y parties I was

a really shy child

V O C A B U L A R Y

T i m e p e r i o d s

Look at phrases 1-9 and match them with categories

a - c Compare your answers with the class

a t h e p r e s e n t

b the recent past

с a long, long time ago in history

l J 1 f r o m 1995 until 2 0 0 4

| J 2 in the M i d d l e A g e s [_ 3 in this d a y a n d age

school | f o o d | t e c h n o l o g y games j h o m e I travel

H i Culture

Look at the photos and answer the questions

1 In what part of the w o r l d w e r e these photos taken?

2 W h y might life b e difficult there? H o w many reasons can y o u think o f ?

мим Read and listen to the article

Check your predictions

Where life is really hard

It's the end of the winter Most people have been inside for weeks They haven't seen the sun for a long time But some men are outside It's bitterly cold, with temperatures of around -45° Celsius, and the freezing wind makes the situation difficult for them to bear

These men are hunters, and the survival of the people they've left behind in the villages depends on how successful their hunt is

Akycha is one of these men He's been out hunting for more than a week now While he's away from home,

he stays overnight in a little igloo that he's made himself from ice and snow.The igloo protects him from the freezing wind Inside, there's a little stove for cooking, and a small stone lamp which provides light

Together, they help to create a temperature of around 12° Celsius

Right now, Akycha is several kilometres away from his igloo He's riding his snowmobile along the coast, far out on the frozen sea Suddenly, he can see something

in the distance He stops his snowmobile and checks through his binoculars It's a seal Holding a screen

of white canvas in front of him in one hand, and his gun in the other, he moves forward, cautiously hiding behind the screen all the time so that the seal won't notice him If he's lucky and his hunt goes well, the meat he brings home should last his family for several weeks

Akycha and his people are part of the Inuit community Most of them still live a very traditional life, a life that makes them dependent on hunting seals and whales Some of them also live off the reindeer they keep The Inuit are indigenous people of the Arctic Circle, wh means they've lived here for so long that they feel the land is theirs.The Arctic Circle is a huge land area that belongs to a number of northern countries: Russia, the USA, Canada, Greenland, Norway, Sweden, Finland and Iceland.The northern environment is an exceptional habitat.Temperatures are low during most of the year and summers are short, which means that plants can only grow for a few weeks every year If the reindeer ea the moss that grows in a certain area, it can take up to

30 years for the plants to grow back.This is why Inuits who make a living from keeping and breeding reindeer have to be constantly on the move with their herds For most of us, life is less hard than it is for the Inuit pe But maybe we can learn something from them.Their traditional way of life is a model of living in partnership with nature, rather than exploiting and destroying it

3 Read the article again Answer the questi

1 W h a t are winters like inside the A r c t i c <Zir<

2 H o w d o e s A k y c h a survive w h e n he's out h

3 W h a t d o e s he hunt a n d how d o e s he d o tl

4 W h y can't the Inuit w h o k e e p r e i n d e e r sta

o n e place for a long time?

S P E A K I N G

questions

1

Work in pairs Discuss these

In w h a t other areas of the w o r l d d o p e o p l

u n d e r e x t r e m e conditions?

W h a t is the coldest or hottest place you've

b e e n in? W h a t was the e x p e r i e n c e like for

W o u l d y o u find it easier to live in an area v it's v e r y cold or v e r y hot?

I H A R D T I M E S

ЩшЧМЛПШАМ There are eight

highlighted words or phrases in

the article Match them with these

definitions

1 continue to b e enough

2 not taken with them

3 from o n e evening, through to the

next morning

4 not staying in one place for v e r y long

5 tolerate, put up with

6 large groups of animals

1 Read the article What happened in

Berlin in these years?

2 Find examples in the article of:

1 a sentence containing t h e past simple

and the past continuous

2 the past p e r f e c t

3 the past p e r f e c t continuous

4 descriptive v e r b s

5 expressions referring back to the past

3 The article has three paragraphs

Which of them:

1 sets the scene for the main events?

2 describes the main action?

3 describes the historical b a c k g r o u n d ?

4 Think of an event that shook the world

• Do some Internet research to find out

5 Write an article for a school magazine

about an event that shook the world

(200 words)

The fall of the Berlin Wal

F or 28 years, Berlin w a s a divided city Ever since its

construction in 1 9 6 1 , a huge wall had stopped citizens from East Germany visiting their neighbours in the west

Many people had tried S o m e were successful, but many

more died, shot a s they attempted to get to the other side

In 1989, there were a number of radical political demonstrations across Eastern Europe, a s the people of countries s u c h a s Poland and Hungary protested against their governments and managed to change them On 9 November, the East German government announced that their people were free to visit the western side of the city

That evening, thousands of East Berliners rushed to the wall and demanded that the gates were opened The border guards didn't know what to do While the crowds were singing, the guards phoned their bosses for orders

It soon became clear that they had no choice but to let the people p a s s On the other side, the crowds were greeted

by West Berliners with flowers and champagne People climbed up onto the top of the wall and began dancing on

it to celebrate their new freedom People started arriving with sledgehammers to try and s m a s h down the wall Many grabbed bricks a s souvenirs A little later, the government sent in bulldozers to demolish the wall The wall that had been dividing a city for nearly three decades w a s soon gone and, 339 d a y s later, the two nations of East and West Germany also became one

r - •

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C A M B R I D G E E N G L I S H : T O W A R D S F i r s t

W o r k b o o k

• THi N K EXAMS

R E A D I N G A N D USE O F E N G L I S H

Part 1: Multiple-choice cloze

1 For questions 1-8, read the text below and decide which answer (А, В, С or D) best fits each gap There is an example at the beginning (0)

Do you ever stop and think about how easy the Internet has made our lives?

when maybe you feel like (1) your computer screen into tiny pieces But

just think of all those things you use it for You want to buy the new One

research for your homework - you can find it all there on the web You feel

like a (4) with your best friend, so you Skype them You just want a

a click of a button away

if they wanted to buy something and often those shops were closed! They had to look in very large, heavy

and if their best friend wasn't at home, they simply couldn't talk to them That's how tough life was And th poor people who had to suffer such hardships were our parents! Makes you feel sorry for them, doesn'i

1 A demolishing В striking С smashing D grabbin

2 A come В enter С click D g°

3 A do В make С find D ask

4 A talking В chat С question D speak

5 A break В stop С end D fix

6 A times В ages С years D days

7 A after В since С ago D past

8 A take в pick С grab D hold

S P E A K I N G

Part 1: Interview

2 In pairs, ask and answer the questions

1 W h o d o y o u s p e n d t h e most time with at t h e w e e k e n d s , a n d w h a t d o y o u d o with them?

2 W h a t kind o f films d o y o u like best? W h a t d o y o u like a b o u t t h e m ?

3 W h e r e d i d y o u go for y o u r last holiday? W h a t was it like?

4 W h a t ' s y o u r favourite s p o r t to play? W h a t d o y o u like a b o u t it?

5 W h a t things d o y o u e n j o y d o i n g t h e most with y o u r parents?

6 W h a t is y o u r favourite room in y o u r h o m e a n d w h y d o y o u like it?

7 If y o u could b e a n y w h e r e now, w h e r e w o u l d it b e a n d w h y ?

8 W h a t things d o y o u like to d o at h o m e on a rainy day?

9 W h o is y o u r best f r i e n d a n d what d o y o u like the most a b o u t him/her?

W o r k b o o k

28

T E S T Y O U R S E L F

V O C A B U L A R Y

1 Complete the sentences with the words in the list There are four extra words

break | change | d o | f o r m | give up I grab | make

scream j retire | settle | smash | strike I struggle | travel

1 It w o u l d b e w o n d e r f u l to a r o u n d the w o r l d o n e day

2 It's a really b a d habit - I n e e d to it soon

3 H e w o u l d always arrive late, and no one could make him his ways

4 G o o d luck with the test - I'm sure you'll really w e l l

5 Every 31st D e c e m b e r , I _ _ a resolution to d o something, but I usually break it!

6 I saw a man that woman's p u r s e a n d run away

7 O n her 65th birthday, she d e c i d e d to - a n d travel the w o r l d

8 I n e e d more time to s t u d y for my exams, so I'm going to my j u d o classes for a while

9 I think he's going to b r e a k the r e c o r d - in fact, he's going to it!

10 T h e y w e r e so excited b y the concert that they started to really loudly

G R A M M A R

2 Complete the sentences with the phrases in the list There are two extra phrases

was looking | w o u l d look I 'm seeing | are going to j g o t o j u s e d to love | s e e | 'II love

1 I my aunt a n d uncle o n c e a month

2 Four or five of us eat pizza tonight

3 Have fun at the c o n c e r t - I'm sure y o u it!

4 W h e n I w a s a kid, I going to the river to swim

5 I'm not v e r y w e l l , so I the doctor tomorrow

6 W h e n I saw her, she in a shop window

3 Find and correct the mistake in each sentence

1 W h e n he was y o u n g , my d a d used to reading books a b o u t nature

2 W h e n I got to the house, t h e r e was no one there T h e p a r t y finished!

3 I am running in the park e v e r y morning b e f o r e school

4 W e ' r e really excited b e c a u s e w e will go on holiday next w e e k

5 H e was t i r e d b e c a u s e he had b e e n running t w o kilometres

6 W h i l e I was cycling in the park, I was falling off my bicycle

F U N C T I O N A L L A N G U A G E

4 ( ^ircj^ ) the correct words

1 A I'm angry with Jack He's always / often picking on me

В I know He's horrible / don't like I I'm not liking him at all

2 A Y o u know, in the past I olden days, p e o p l e didn't have the Internet

В I know! But these days I not so long ago w e can get information so quickly!

3 A G i n a a n d I have I are having lunch tomorrow W h y don't y o u c o m e too?

В G r e a t - t h a n k y o u ! I see I I'll see y o u at the restaurant!

4 A No o n e uses I is using t y p e w r i t e r s any more

В Not in nowadays I this day and age, no!

GRAMMAR: (don't) have to I

to I shouldn't) I must; had (not); can('t) I must(n't)

VOCABULARY: making and s

expressions with name

Jaguar sells cars

2 A d d t w o more names of companies or products that are famous a r o u n d the w o r l d

name of a brand is very important What do you think is the reason for this?

3 Read the blog entry quickly Which of the brands shown above does it mention?

4 i~ 9м*гл Read the blog entry again and listen

Answer the questions

1 W h y d o companies think a lot a b o u t a b r a n d name?

2 W h a t makes a g o o d b r a n d name?

3 W h y w e r e each of these names chosen?

Jaguar | Pret A M a n g e r j W h a t s A p p

4 W h y was N o v a a b a d name for a car in Spain?

5 W h y d o some teenagers choose to b u y more e x p e n s i v e

products (like clothes)?

5 Look at paragraphs 3 and 4 What is the

of each paragraph? Tick ( / ) two optioi

T h e brand name is the thing that distinguishes your

product f r o m all the o t h e r s , and it's really important

that it makes an impact Businesses spend a lot of

time thinking about brand names; w h e n the name

has been picked, it's v e r y difficult t o change, so

companies have to get it right first time

So how do you choose a name? A brand name ought

t o be unique, memorable and easy t o understand

It should create some kind of emotional connection

w i t h people w h o buy the product - the target

market S o m e companies use the family name W h e n

H e n r y Ford started making cars, he just called the

company F o r d But you don't have to use a family

name - you can go for an image Staying w i t h cars,

think about the brand name Jaguar, a beautiful but

dangerous wild cat W h a t does that say about

the manufacturer's product? Some companies use

wordplay It's a c o m m o n technique for naming apps,

for example W h a t s A p p (from the English expression

W h a t ' s up?) O t h e r s like t o use foreign w o r d s

because they sound special o r different F o r example,

in Britain and the U S A there's a chain of sandwich

shops w i t h the French name P r e t A Manger, which

means 'ready t o eat' A n d w h a t do you have t o be

careful about? W e l l , you shouldn't choose a name

that might not w o r k in certain countries o r cultures

Many years ago, a car company launched a n e w car that they called N o v a T h e y thought it suggested something nice and new, but in Spanish it can be read

as no va ('it doesn't go') N o t a good name for a car

in Spain, then!

T h e s e days, the choice of brand name is particularly

i m p o r t a n t if your product is targeted at the teenage

m a r k e t Teenage consumers are perhaps m o r e

c o n c e r n e d w i t h brand names and company logos than any o t h e r group W h e n a brand, especially a clothing brand, becomes popular w i t h teenagers, then there's a lot of pressure t o w e a r those clothes and have the name and/or logo visible A teacher in

an A m e r i c a n high school said: 'I certainly see that kids a r e obsessed w i t h brand names T h e y w o n ' t buy something that's almost identical - and cheaper -simply because they feel they must w e a r something

w i t h the right logo.' So if you w a n t t o get into the teenage m a r k e t , you have t o find a product and a brand name that w o r k s w i t h that age group, and create s o m e great advertisements too

C o m p a n i e s k n o w that the name isn't everything

-t h e p r o d u c -t i-tself has -t o be good, of course - bu-t i-t's

an essential p a r t of the package

S P E A K I N G

Work in pairs Discuss these questions

1 C a n y o u think o f any more b r a n d names which:

a use a family name?

b t r y to create an image?

с are in another language?

2 H a v e y o u ever bought or w a n t e d something

j u s t b e c a u s e o f the b r a n d ? G i v e examples

glad that we don't have to wear school uniforms any more!'

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G R A M M A R

(don't) have to I ought to I should(n't) I must

Complete the sentences from the article on page 31

Then complete the rule with have to, don't have to,

ought to, should, shouldn't and must

1 First of all, y o u give the p r o d u c t a name

2 C o m p a n i e s get it right first time

3 A b r a n d name b e unique, m e m o r a b l e

a n d easy to u n d e r s t a n d

4 But y o u use a family name

5 A n d what y o u b e careful about?

not work in certain countries or cultures

to say

is important or necessary' W e use 2

to tell someone that something is a good idea

a good idea (Ought to isn't as frequent as should It is used

mostly in writing, and the negative form is rare.)

2 Complete the conversation with the correct form of

Mum, there's a new mobile phone out

It's brilliant _ get o n e !

No way! Your mobile phone is fine You

But you know what it's like at school Everyone

Yes, and it's terrible W h y 4 you all

wear the same clothes, for example?

Because it's what teenagers do You were young once Don't you remember?

I see A n d 15 _ go to work to pay for all these things, right?

Complete the conversation with suitab modal verbs There is often more than <

possible answer

The new cafe is great - y o u1

I've heard it's a bit expensive

Yes, that's true You 2 go th<

they're delicious!

O K What's the place called, anyway?

Can you believe it's called The Coffee

W h a t a boring name! You 4

genius to think of that!

Le Cafe

Well, O K But i t6 be easy tc pronounce There's a shop in town call Arighi Bianchi and no one knows how But the owner is Italian It's his name!

I guess 17 _ _ know that A n y w a

for tomorrow

Really? O K , so let's go to the cinema 1

W o r k b o o k p a

V O C A B U L A R Y

Making and selling

1 Complete the sentences with the words

a d v e r t i s e m e n t | brand I chain 1 consumei image | logo | manufacturer | products

1 T h e y make cleaning , like w a s h

p o w d e r

2 T h e prices have gone up a lot, so now

have to pay more

3 I always b u y the same of shoes they're so comfortable

It's a that has shops in e v e r y to That s h o p has a really funny or

T h e Nike is a large tick

GILL JACK GILL

JACK GILL JACK

GILL

JACK

GILL JACK

GILL JACK

8

W h e n the company's director went to pri

d a m a g e d the company's

If it doesn't work, send it back to t h e

S P E A K I N G Answer the questions Then v

in pairs and compare your answers

C a n y o u name

1 t h r e e places w h e r e y o u find advertisemer

2 a manufacturer of mobile phones?

3 a chain o f shops and a chain of restaurants

4 o n e thing y o u always b u y the same b r a n d

W o r k b o o k p a

32

Listen to Paul talking to his teacher, Mrs Jenkins

w h y some p e o p l e can't r e m e m b e r names

Listen again Mark the sentences T (true) or F (false)

1 M r s j e n k i n s has taught Paul's class t h r e e times

2 Paul isn't g o o d at r e m e m b e r i n g people's

5 S h e r e m e m b e r e d Paul's name because she

knows another p e r s o n called Paul

6 S h e always r e m e m b e r s people's names

G R A M M A R

had better (not)

Complete these sentences from the listening

Then ( cjrcje ) the correct words to complete

the rule

I

Y o u

go now

b e late for y o u r next class

W e use had (d) better to warn someone that bad things will happen if they Mo / don't do something

We use had (d) better not to warn someone that bad

things will happen if they 2 do I don't do something

Complete the sentences with had better (not)

1 T h e bus goes in t w o minutes Y o u run

2 I'll lend y o u my p e n - but y o u break it!

3 It's going to rain W e go inside

4 Y o u have to get up v e r y early tomorrow, so y o u

1 [ J LIAM W h y ? What's her name?

| j LIAM What's the matter, Jo?

LIAM Well, you'd better get some help - quickly!

L

| J O It's something like Sharita Wass Ikonor

| J O I've got to phone someone and I've no

idea how to pronounce her name

BOB Well, I wrote the wrong name in my birthday card to her son I called him Jason, not Jacob

BOB I know She's really cross

I BOB My sister's really angry with me

| MIA W h y ? MIA You'd better not do that again!

2 Work in pairs Imagine you forgot your best friend's birthday Write a conversation using

had better (not)

• T ri i N K SELF-ESTEEM H H B H B i

People a n d t h e i r n a m e s

1 Complete the questionnaire (1 = I strongly agree; 5 = I strongly disagree)

1 I find it easy to remember people's names •

2 I only remember the names of peop le I like •

3 1 hate it when people forget my name

4 Your name is an important part of wh о you clTC •

5 I feel sorry for people w h o have unusual names •

2 Б2ЯЗШЭ Compare your answers in small groups Which question(s) do you agree on?

33 www.frenglish.ru

I

R E A D I N G

1 Look at the names and answer the questions

A p p l e Martin | Brooklyn Beckham | M o o n Unit Z a p p a

1 Do y o u k n o w anything a b o u t these p e o p l e ?

2 Think o f o n e thing that t h e y have in c o m m o n

2 These are eight names that parents tried to call their children Which do you think were allowed ( / ) or not allowed ( X ) by the government?

[~~~| 1 T a l u l a d o e s the H u l a

f r o m Hawaii Fish a n d C h i p s

3 Read the article and check your answers to Exercise 2

Read the article again Answer the questions

1 W h i c h people's unusual names d o w e

often hear about?

2 W h a t reason d i d a N e w Z e a l a n d j u d g e give for not allowing some names?

3 W h a t d i d Marileia dos Santos d e c i d e

to do?

4 W h a t d i d she b e c o m e w e l l known for?

5 W h y d i d David C a r r a d i n e give his son

an unusual name?

S P E A K I N G Mark each statement with a number from (1 = I strongly agree; 5 = I strongly disagree)

a Parents should b e able to give their children any name th

b C h i l d r e n with silly names should b e allowed to change

w h e n t h e y ' r e 12 years o l d

с It doesn't matter w h a t name a child has because t h e y a change it as an adult,

d E v e r y c o u n t r y should have a list of names that p a r e n t s ;

a l l o w e d to give their children

the class

W H A T ' S IN A N A M E ?

G R A M M A R

can('t) I must(n't)

1 Complete these sentences from the listening on

page 33 and the article on page 34 Then complete

the rule with can, can't and mustn't

1 I ask y o u something?

2 Y o u call y o u r twins Fish a n d C h i p s

3 Y o u call a child N u m b e r 16 Bus Shelter

4 A n a m e ' make a fool of the child'

r

R U L E : To talk or ask about permission, we often use the

Complete the sentences with mustn't and the verbs

Then match them with the pictures

Rewrite the sentences using modal verbs from this

unit and the pronouns in brackets There is often

more than one possible answer

0 Diving isn't a l l o w e d , (you) You can't dive here

1 It isn't necessary for us to w e a r uniforms, (we)

2 It's a g o o d idea to b u y a n e w p h o n e , (you)

3 It's O K for y o u to use my laptop, (you)

4 It's necessary for t h e m to w o r k harder, (they)

5 A r e w e allowed to play here? (we)

V O C A B U L A R Y

Expressions with name

1 Match the underlined expressions with the definitions

1 T o n y H a w k is a big name in skateboarding

2 He's upset b e c a u s e some of the other kids call him names

3 J a y - Z isn't his real name - it's his stage name

4 Fish, meat, vegetables, fruit - y o u name it, I eat it

5 L o o k ! It's what's-his-name / what's-her-name

6 W e w a n t to get married, but w e haven't n a m e d the d a y yet

7 I k n o w y o u don't w a n t to d o the exams, but it's the name o f t h e game for university entry

8 H e m a d e a name for himself as a great actor

a d e c i d e t h e date of an event, often a w e d d i n g

b s o m e o n e w h o s e name I can't r e m e m b e r

с t h e most important part of something

d a p e r s o n w h o is important or famous in their profession

e a name that a p e r s o n (usually an actor or

a singer) uses in their profession

f use r u d e names about, or to, a p e r s o n

g b e c o m e k n o w n or r e s p e c t e d by many p e o p l e

h anything y o u say (or choose)

2 Complete the missing word(s)

1 She's b e e n to E u r o p e , A s i a a n d Australia - y o u

, she's b e e n t h e r e !

2 H a r d w o r k is t h e o f

if y o u w a n t to d o well in y o u r exams

3 M y uncle's a doctor He's a

in t h e field of cancer research

4 S o m e o f her classmates her It's horrible for her

5 Y o u ' r e e n g a g e d ? That's w o n d e r f u l ! W h e n are

y o u going to day?

6 O h look! T h e r e ' s -his- - y o u know, that b o y w h o lives in your street

a reality T V show a n d b e c a m e a famous singer

8 B r u n o M a r s is the name o f Pete G e n e

Fiction

О Н И Read and listen to the introduction and the first part

of the extract Answer the questions

1 W h a t is Tess's full name?

2 In the company, her name is used to mean something W h a t , a n d w h y ?

Wild Country b y M a r g a r e t J o h n s o n

But they don't get on well - at least at the s t a r t

T didn't ask to work w i t h y o u / Grant said, 'and I k n o w

you didn't ask to work w i t h me But here w e are, so shall

w e at least try to get o n w i t h each other?' I looked back

at h i m crossly 'I'll try if you try,' I said, but I didn't like

t h e smile h e gave me

I'd b e e n a tour leader for Wild Country, m y father's

w a l k i n g holiday company, for a year In t h a t t i m e I'd b e e n

late m e e t i n g a group at the airport several times I'd also

lost m y wallet, w i t h all t h e m o n e y to buy food for t h e

in France

tour group for a w e e k in it A n d , of course, everybody w h o worked for Wild C o u n t r y k n e w about t h e t i m e I'd taken a group to t h e w r o n g towi

o n t h e w r o n g day They'd all missed their p l a n e ho Now, that w a s a very famous mistake

M y m i s t a k e s were so famous in t h e c o m p a n y t h

d o i n g s o m e t h i n g w r o n g w a s called 'doing a Tess M

I t h i n k it w a s Grant Cooper w h o started saying the

actually - horrible m a n

Read and listen to the second part of the extract

Mark the sentences T (true) or F (false)

1 Tess thinks her father's i d e a was a b a d o n e

2 She's h a p p y w h e n she arrives at the airport

3 She tries hard to smile w h e n she goes into the airport

4 She likes G r a n t because he laughs a lot

5 She helps G r a n t to find the g r o u p of tourists

I I

A n d n o w m y father h a d a r r a n g e d for m e to work

w i t h G r a n t Cooper o n this tour H e t h o u g h t I w o u l d

l e a r n s o m e t h i n g from Grant — s o m e t h i n g to m a k e m e

a better tour leader I t h o u g h t m y father w a s w r o n g

I w a s just too different to Grant; a n d I didn't want to b e

like h i m anyway

After thirty m i n u t e s in a hot b u s w i t h t h e s e t h o u g h t s

going r o u n d a n d r o u n d my h e a d I felt very fed up W h i c h

w a s t h e opposite of h o w I should b e w h e n I m e e t a group

at t h e start of a holiday

'A tour leader should smile as often as possible.'

T h a t ' s w h a t it said in t h e book I w a s given w h e n I started

t h e job A t t h e b e g i n n i n g of a tour, holidaymakers are

often tired from their journeys They m a y also b e worried

about w h a t the other people o n t h e holiday will b e like

A smile from you m a k e s everybody feel better.'

So as I entered t h e airport building I tried to put a

smile o n m y face But it w a s difficult to k e e p it t h e r e as

I tried, w i t h o u t luck, to find m y group

'Wild Country, W a l k i n g in Provence?' I asked ar

g r o u p of m o r e t h a n four people, but they all looked

as if I w a s m a d I w a s b e g i n n i n g to t h i n k I'd got the

w r o n g or come to t h e w r o n g airport w h e n I saw h i t

G r a n t Cooper M y h e a r t immediately gave a j u m p , , not just b e c a u s e I w a s nervous about being late I d:

like Grant, but h e w a s very good-looking I'd liked i

look of h i m w h e n I first met him But t h e n I'd spoke

u p to t h e m w i t h a big Wild C o u n t r y smile o n m y fai

'Hello, everybody,' I said 'I'm Tess Marriot, o n e <

y o u r tour leaders I h o p e you h a d a good j o u r n e y ? ' 'Hello, Tess,' G r a n t said 'Did you get lost o n you

to t h e a i r p o r t ? '

3: W H A T ' S IN A N A M E ?

дЗДДДИ Work in pairs Discuss these

questions

1 Imagine you're Tess W h a t ' s your answer to

Grant's question at t h e e n d of the extract?

2 In the extract w e learn that 'doing a Tess

Marriot' means making a mistake

a Think of a famous person w h o is well

k n o w n for certain actions or qualities

H o w could that person's name b e used?

/ think 'doing a Beyond' could mean

A reply to a letter asking for advice

1 Read the letter and the reply Answer the

questions

1 W h a t is Alan's p r o b l e m ?

2 W h a t question d o e s Susannah suggest that

Alan asks himself?

2 Complete the missing words from

1 offer advice to make t h e friendship w o r k ?

2 outl ine Alan's p r o b l e m ?

3 tell him to s p e a k to others a b o u t his p r o b l e m ?

4 ask A l a n to think m o r e carefully a b o u t t h e

situation?

4 Read another letter to Susannah Write

three pieces of advice for Lara

5 Write a reply to Lara (150-200 words)

Say what you think she should do

What can I do? If I tell my parents, it'll be hard because they really like his parents And to be honest, I haven't got many other friends yet If I stop hanging out with him, maybe he'll start calling me names too

What should I do?

Alan, Salisbury

Dear Alan, It's often difficult to make new friends when you move town,

so it was almost perfect that your new neighbours had a son

V/niff Q r f Q a n d t h o t h o v A / o n + o r l + r \ h o \ ( n i r r f r i a n H \ A / h a f о c h o m o

thai

U g U U M U U I U L 1 !V_ VVUI I L ^ U I U KJKs ) U U I I I I U I I U V V I 1СЛ L

t you're finding it difficult to spend time with him

You don't say in your letter if yc >u think you could be t riends if

Wffl his behaviour was better This

to ask yourself If the answer i:

end the friendship now Don't v make lots of friends when you However, if you think you could

s the first question you ought

; no, then maybe you'd better vorry- I'm sure you'll soon start school

m

ни

H

his behaviour was better This

to ask yourself If the answer i:

end the friendship now Don't v make lots of friends when you However, if you think you could

s the first question you ought

; no, then maybe you'd better vorry- I'm sure you'll soon start school

и

ими nHB НИИ

his behaviour was better This

to ask yourself If the answer i:

end the friendship now Don't v make lots of friends when you However, if you think you could be friends, then you s hould definitely talk to him about the name-calling and explain that

he had better stop saying those things If he's going to be

a good friend, he'll listen to you If he ignores you, then this friendship probably isn't going to work

Finally, it's a good idea to talk to your parents They're the people who know you best and are often the best people to give you advice

Good luck!

Susannah

I have very bad eyesight and need to wear glasses Because

of this, some people at school call me names I tried not to let it bother me too much, but the problem is that it happens quite often I've always enjoyed school and had lots of friends, but I'm starting to hate going there My grades are also getting worse and some of the teachers have said they're disappointed with me I know I should talk to the teachers, but I'm sure this is only going to make things worse Can you help?

Lara, Ipswich

www.frenglish.ru

I O B J E C T I V E S

D I L E M M A S

FUNCTIONS: talking about

hypothetical situations; expressing wishes; apologisi and accepting apologies

GRAMMAR: first and second

conditional (review); time

conjunctions; wish and ifonl

third conditional (review)

VOCABULARY: being honest;

making a decision; now

R E A D I N G

1 Read the definition Then look at the pictures

What dilemmas do you think they show?

4 Match these responses with the quiz quest

I d try a n d fix it before she noticed

I'd k e e p quiet but make sure I w o r k e d r hard for my next test

I'd ask if I could change it for another or

I'd write my own answer but then l o o k ;

p a p e r to check it

I'd ask him or her w h a t it was about

I'd admit I didn't have enough m o n e y ai ask to b o r r o w some f r o m a friend

r i f

j g I'd have an argument with them a b o u t il

\ h I'd s p e n d some of it a n d give some t o cl

38

D I L E M M A S

do

What would you do if

you heard a text message arrive on your

girlfriend's or boyfriend's phone when he or she

was out of the room?

A I wouldn't open it

В I'd read it and pretend I hadn't

you found €100 in a cash machine outside a bank?

A I'd go into the bank and give it to someone who

worked there

В I'd keep it and buy myself something nice

you noticed your teacher had made a mistake

marking your test and given you a better mark?

A I'd tell my teacher about the mistake immediately

В I wouldn't say anything

you broke your mum's vase while playing football

in the house?

A I'd own up and say it was me

В I'd say that the cat did it

you bought a shirt, wore it to a party once and

decided you didn't really like it?

A I'd give it to a friend

В I'd take it back to the shop, say I'd never worn it

and get my money back

there was a party you really wanted to go to, but you thought your parents might not let you go?

A I'd be open, tell them why I wanted to go and accept their decision

В I'd say I was staying at a friend's house, go to the party and hide the truth from them

you were stuck in a difficult Maths test and noticed that you could easily copy from your friend's paper?

A I wouldn't look I'd just try harder

to answer the question myself

В I'd look at her paper

you didn't have enough money for a full-price cinema ticket?

A I'd leave and go home

В I'd lie about my age and try and get in for

a cheaper price

10RE 'A'S THAN ' B ' S :

se it may cau

re basically an honest person You understand that if you always tell

ometimes you take the easy way out

want people to think of you as dishones

MORE 'B'S THAN 'A'S:

Щ

• TRAIN TO T H i N K

"Thinking of consequences

In order to make a good decision, it's important to think of all possible

consequences for others and for yourself

5 C n o° s e four of the questions in the quiz Think of possible

consequences for each option

_ more We stop being friends

I don't read the \ I don't find out what the message text message. j is about

39 www.frenglish.ru

G R A M M A R

First and second conditional (review)

Complete these sentences from the quiz on

page 39 with the correct forms of the verbs

Then match them with the parts of the rule

W e use the first conditional to talk about real

situations and their consequences W e form it with

if+ present simple / future (will) clause

W e use the second conditional to talk about

hypothetical or very unlikely situations and their

outcomes W e form it with if + past simple / would

clause

Complete the conditional sentences with the

correct forms of the verbs Think carefully about

whether each one is a first or second conditional

(care) if s h e was a t my party o r n o t

I have t o invite her If I 5 ( n o t invite) J a n

to my party, n o b o d y 6 ( c o m e ) to it

Maybe I s h o u l d n ' t have a party B u t if I

7 ( n o t have) a party, I 8 ( n o t get)

Complete the sentences with the words

unless I if I until I w h e n | as soon as

1 I don't know w h e r e he is, but I'll tell him

4 I won't tell him anything he ask:

5 I'll w o r k he arrives a n d then I'll: Complete the sentences so that they are • you Tell your partner

1 A s soon as I get home tonight, I

2 If t h e weather is g o o d this w e e k e n d , I

3 W h e n I'm 1 8 , 1

4 Unless I get lots of h o m e w o r k this w e e k e m

5 I'm going to save all my money until

W o r k b o o

V O C A B U L A R Y

Being honest

1 Write the words in the correct columns

cheat | get away with something hide t h e truth | d o t h e right thing tell a lie I b e o p e n a b o u t something tell t h e truth | o w n u p to something

Positive behaviour Negative behavio

cheat

2 Compete the conversation with the corre<

of the verbs from Exercise 1

D A N I've got a dilemma The other day I

a test I copied from Ben

W h y ?

now the teacher wants to know w h o copi You should 3 up to it and say it wa

But you c a n ' t5 „ the truth now! W h about poor Ben? W h a t were you thinking It's Maths I just find it so difficult

First, say sorry for cheating and explain w

7 _ a lie Then tell your teacher what problem is

D A N You're right, of course It's just so difficult