The most dramatic photographic opportunities are when the sun illuminates banks of clouds at an angle or when small, billowing clouds are partially obscuring the sun. Dawn and sunset are the times of day when the colors of the sky are at their most variable and dramatic, and usually most photogenic.
PHOTO SET-UP: Sky at sunset
In order to photograph the sky at sunset, set up your camera on a tripod in advance and wait for the sun to dip below the horizon. Shooting the sun itself may create flare spots so it is better to wait until the sun is partly obscured by clouds.The exposure reading is taken for the brightest part of the sky so that the landscape appears black.
Sun is just above the horizon and largely obscured by clouds
35mm camera with a 200mm long-focus lens
Tripod is always necessary when using a long, heavy lens, even if the exposure time is brief
Close-up view, above The limited angle of view of a long-focus lens fills the frame with the intense yellow of this particular stage of the sunset.
Sky and land, right Vertical framing emphasizes the contrast between the vivid sunset colors and the black of the landscape.
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Obscured sun, left When the sun is obscured by clouds, those closest to the camera position appear dark and menacing, while dramatic shafts of light penetrate the gaps beyond and illuminate the peaks of the clouds farther away.
Stormy sky, above In this picture, high banks of thunderous cumulus clouds are gathering over the hills flanking a city, signalling the onset of a rainstorm. Storm cloud formations can change from second to second.
PROFESSIONAL TIPS
•Keep the horizon low in the frame to give the sky greater compositional weight.
•To accentuate the colors of a sunset sky, take a light reading from the brightest part of the sky.
•When using a digital camera, do not use automatic white balance, as this may try to neutralize the colors.
Instead, use the manual setting for cloudy conditions, which will boost the warm glow of the sunset.
how effectively water or, in this case, wet sand, mirrors and reflects the colors of the sky. Note, too, how the lone figure walking on the beach adds an important element of scale and interest to the composition.
6 x 6cm camera, 80mm lens, Ektachrome 100, f11, 1/125 sec.
Hidden light,below right Timing is critical when there are banks of moving clouds and the sun itself is in the shot. From the angle that this picture was taken, the cloud shields the camera from the intensity of the sun.
35mm camera, 135mm lens, Kodachrome 200, f16, 1/1000 sec.
Wide-angle view,below left Dramatic clumps of cumulus clouds, with cirrus formations above, transform this sunset sky into a poem of shape, form, texture, and color. A wide-angle lens gives a sense of depth and perspective to the photograph.
35mm camera, 19mm lens, Ektachrome 100, f8, 1/125 sec.
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Silhouette lighting For this spectacular view of St. Michael’s Mount in Cornwall, England, a light reading was first taken from the brightest part of the sky.The camera was then redirected and the scene photographed.The result is a stark silhouette dominating the horizon.
6 x 6cm camera, 50mm lens, Ektachrome 100, f8, 1/125 sec.
Rainbow hues
Rainbows occur when droplets of moisture refract the sun’s rays and split them into their constituent wavelengths.To intensify the strength of a rainbow’s colors, this shot is underexposed by between a half and one full f-stop.
6 x 7cm camera, 80mm lens, Ektachrome 100, f22, 1/125 sec.
PHOTOGRAPHING URBAN LANDSCAPES
One of the most visually rich photographic resources we have readily at hand is the city.
City centers, dominated by towering glass and steel structures, can be a fascinating mix of architectural statements, especially when contrasted with more traditional building styles, or when seen in the context of urban areas awaiting renewal. Watch for repeating patterns, dramatic shapes, contrasts of natural and artificial features, the use of color, even the written word on billboards, the sides of delivery vans, and neon signs.
PHOTO SET-UP: London Embankment
A personal view of urban life could include landmarks that typify a city for you.The location for this picture set- up is the Embankment beside the River Thames in London, and the view takes in St. Paul’s Cathedral.
Brand color bias
The early evening summer light casts shadows over waterfront buildings in dramatic contrast to the lit area behind.
Color can vary depending on the film brand used (see page 31). For example,
Railings make a convenient place to lean against to steady the camera Hand-held 35mm
camera fitted with a 70–210mm zoom lens
these two images were both taken from the camera position shown in the photo set-up under identical lighting conditions.
Whereas one picture (above) has a strong green cast and is lighter, the other picture (left) has a blue cast and is much darker.
Choose a city landmark as the focal point of the picture
Early evening light casts strong shadows on the water’s surface
PROFESSIONAL TIPS
•Choose a camera position that will give a good overall view of the city.
•Contrast between old and new buildings may make an interesting subject for photographs.
•Use a tripod and a long exposure to record subject detail at dusk.