transients in sequencing batch reactors

... acido-genic biofilms (Huang and Pinder 1995; Yu, Tay, and Fang 2001) Jiang et al (2003) studied the effect of calcium on aerobic granulation in sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) For this purpose, ... 1:1.16, indicating that most calcium ions inaerobic granules exist in the form of calcium carbonate In terms of chemistry, this also implies that the concentration product of Ca2+and CO32-in acetate-fed ... dioxide gas produced was online measured by the carbon dioxide sensor equipped with the respirometer (figure 13.3) Changes in inorganic carbon in the liquid phase were determined by total organic carbon...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Wastewater purification : aerobic granulation in sequencing batch reactors / editor, Yu Liu. p cm. Includes bibliographical ... reprinted, reproduced, transmitted, or utilized in any form by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, ... Press is an imprint of theTaylor & Francis Group, an informa business Boca Raton London New York Aerobic Granulation in Sequencing Batch Reactors Edited by Yu Liu Wastewater Purification © 2008...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... aerobic granular sludge increased linearly with shear force in a sequencing batch biofilter reactor, and a very high biomass density of 70 to 110 g VSS L–1biomass was obtained in the reactor (figure ... attempts to offer further insights into the role of shear force in aerobic granulation Trang 22.2 AEROBIC GRANULATION AT DIFFERENT SHEAR FORCESIn a column-type sequencing batch reactor (SBR) commonly ... density increased with the increase of theC b /L sratio This implies that a certain detachment force that is balanced with the growth force is necessary in order to produce and maintain a compact...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... from the preceding chapters that a number of operating parameters of a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) can influence aerobic granulation This chapter looks into another SBR operating parameter, ... mediate both cohesion and adhesion of cells and play a crucial role in building and further maintaining structure integrity in a community of immobilized cells (see chapter 10) Figure 3.14 displays ... and Ahring 1996) In fact, extracellular polysaccharides are the key bounding material that interconnects individual cells into attached growth and are further responsible for the structural integrity...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... settling time are retained in the reactor; otherwise, they are discharged This chapter aims to offer in-depth insights into the role of settling time in aerobic granulation in SBR Such information would ... effect of settling time on aerobic granu-lation in four column reactors, namely R1, R2, R3, and R4, each with a working volume of 2.5 liters, which were operated in sequencing batch mode (figure ... developed in R1 to R3 instead of a pure aerobic granular sludge blanket as observed in R4 The fractions of aerobic granules in the reactors seem to be related to the settling times McSwain, Irvine,...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... different selection pressures in terms of minimum settling velocity of 0.6 and 0.7 m h–1 Even such a marginal difference in the minimum settling velocity could also result in distinct morphologies of ... granulation in both small- and large-scale sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) This Trang 2chapter looks into two other potential candidate parameters that may act as selectionpressures in aerobic ... a short settling time, bioparticles with poor settleability would be washed out according to the minimum settling velocity: T S S in which t s is settling time and L is the traveling distance...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... a minimum settling Trang 10velocity, (V s)minexists for the bioparticles to be retained in the reactor According toY Liu, Wang, and Tay(2005), (V s)mincan be defined as: min effective settling ... granulation in SBRs 6.4.4 F EEDING S TRATEGY McSwain, Irvine, and Wilderer (2004) reported that intermittent feeding is an effec-tive operating strategy for enhancing aerobic granulation in SBRs ... 1for Aerobic Granulation in Sequencing Batch Reactors Yu Liu and Zhi-Wu Wang CONTENTS 6.1 Introduction 85 6.2 Is Aerobic Granulation Inducible? 86 6.3 Earlier Understanding of Aerobic Granulation...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... demonstrated in sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) supplied with different organic loading rates, from 1.5 to 9.0 kg COD m–3d–1 (seechapter 1) Figure 7.1 shows the evolution of microbial aggregates in terms ... subsequently the substrate surface loading In biofilm culture, microbial growth kinetics has been reported to be surface loading-dependent (Trinet et al 1991) In fact, microbial surface growth rate ... substrate surface loading of 2.2 g COD m–2, about 40% of the input substrate is consumed through the maintenance metabolism, while only 10% of input substrate goes into the maintenance at the highest...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... aerobic granulation in sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) (chapters 1 to7) However, very limited information is currently available about the diffusion behaviors of substances inside aerobic granules ... decreased markedly with the increase in the size of aerobic granules, indicating that the microbial activity inside aerobic granules is inhibited as the granule size increases Moreover, the specific ... not be sustainable In view of the importance of substrate and oxygen in microbial culture, this chapter attempts to offer insights into the diffusion behaviors of substrate and oxy-gen in aerobic...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... attachment by facilitating and maintaining specific receptor-ligand inter-actions (Singleton, Masuoka, and Hazen 2001) Obviously, a sound understanding of the factors that may influence cell surface ... surface hydrophobicity results in a corresponding decrease in the Gibbs energy of the surface, which in turn promotes cell-to-cell interaction and further serves as an inducing force for cells to aggregate ... controlling feast-ing and fastfeast-ing cycles by operatfeast-ing activated sludge systems in a plug flow or by feeding the sludge intermittently, Chesa, Irvine, and Manning (1985) found that such an...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... main component of EPS in aerobic granular biomass in a sequencing batch biolter reactor was made of proteins, and protein- richEPSwouldimprovethestabilityofgranularbiomassstructure.Asthemain ... rate, hydraulic retention time, hydro - dynamic shear force, settling time in sequencing batch reactors (SBRs), feast-famine regimeninSBRs,culturetemperature,etc.,maystimulatebacteriatosecretemore ... McSwainetal.2005).ItismostlikelythatEPSplaysanimportantroleinmaintain - ingthestructuralandfunctionalintegrityofaerobicgranules(gure10.5). Tay,Liu,andLiu(2001b)investigatedtheroleofEPSintheformationand...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... (figure 11.11) These findings imply that the beta-linked PS are located mainly in the outer shell of the granule In fact, a similar distribution of beta-linked PS was also observed in anaerobic granules; ... cultivated in an acetate-fed sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was sliced and its internal structure was visualized by imagine analysis technique (Wang, Trang 2Liu, and Tay 2005) It was found, as shown in ... indicating a limiting number of live bacteria in the core part of the aerobic granule Similar observation was also reported by Toh et al (2003) and McSwain et al.(2005) In the study by McSwain...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... nonbiodegradable EPS in constructing and maintaining the spatial structure, integrity, and stability of aerobic granules Without doubt, the large fraction of biodegradable EPS in aerobic granules ... EPS in maintaining the spatial structures of biofilms, aerobic andanaerobic granules has been reported, but with no differentiation of biodegradable and nonbiodegradable EPS (Flemming and Wingender ... the minimum energy required formicrobial maintenance functions during cell starvation Biodegradable EPS has been discovered in many forms of bacteria exploited for environmental engineering Zhang...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 16:20

... as inputs under the Input column The remaining six lines are defined as Lists, with pH as the Input list, set by the modeler to vary from to 14 in steps of Because the solution procedure involves ... the curve-fitting feature available in MATLAB® is also illustrated here in transforming the original plots of Pasquill (1962) and Gifford (1976) into equations for integrating into the rest of ... Results from the ithink® model 10 mg/m3 However, it can be readily set to be a variable as in the ithink® example, using a Table or Function input block Unlike in ithink®, the underlying equations...

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 05:22

... monitoring monitoring monitoring monitoring monitoring monitoring monitoring general use 31.7~42.7 monitoring 121.5~138.0 monitoring general use 71.9~93.7 monitoring 113.0~129.5 monitoring 6.8~12.3 ... groundwater flow in the second aquifer (the third aquifer in Kinbo volcano area) in Kumamoto city with sampling points The allows indicate groundwater flow Location and grouping of sampling points based ... the zone having impermeable bed (nos 13-16 points) At nos 16 and 18 sampling points, the NO3-N concentration in shallow well was higher than in deep well as shown in Fig 5, indicating that the...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 09:38

... Nguyễn Tấn Bình 25 Calculating Cash Flows from Investing and Financing Activities (cont.) The main idea of investing and financing activities is the position of investments in fixed assets, and the ... Salaries Payable - Increase in Long-term Debt - Increase in Owners’ Equity - Decrease in Cash Balance Total Cash Uses - Increase in Accounts Receivable - Increase in Inventory - Increase in Fixed Assets ... recorded in the other activity (investing and financing) These profits (losses) are reflected in the other activities (investing or financing), so they should be adjusted to avoid from being double...

Ngày tải lên: 26/10/2013, 17:15

... (908) 3,361 OPERATING FINANCING Net Cash Flows from Financing INVVESTING Net Cash Flows from Investing Total Net Cash Flows (26) 61 Beginning Cash Balance 4,846 3,922 3,016 Ending Cash Balance ... Beginning balance + Receipts during period – Disbursements during period = Ending balance Receipts during period – Disbursements during period = Ending balance – Beginning balance Receipts during ... Economics Teaching Program 2005-2006 Principles of accounting Lecture Sources of data used for preparing the statement of cash flows Balance sheet, showing the beginning and ending balances Income statement...

Ngày tải lên: 26/10/2013, 17:15

... flows using the indirect method Investing and Financing Activities Investing and Financing Activities Retained earnings increased $116,000 during the year This increase can be explained by two ... statement of cash flows using the indirect method Investing and Financing Activities Investing and Financing Activities The additional information notes that the increase in common stock resulted ... statement of cash flows using the indirect method Investing and Financing Activities Investing and Financing Activities The additional information explains that the equipment increase resulted from...

Ngày tải lên: 15/12/2013, 20:24

... snapshot for every time interval) in chronological order resulting in one chain per host Various interaction capabilities allow for fine-tuning the layout, highlighting of hosts of interest, and retrieval ... classification of the incident is mapped to the angle around the circle For each incident, the attributes are linked through lines This linking in detail views is also utilized in other applications ... display netflow records as in- and outgoing links between two machines or domains [Yin et al., 2004] This techniques allows the analyst to discover a variety of interesting network traffic patterns,...

Ngày tải lên: 05/03/2014, 23:20

... wasted no time in moving Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) into China In 1993 there were already 35 Taiwanese subsidiaries in China as against 10 in Thailand, nine in Malaysia, and four in Indonesia ... Manufacturing Corp IC Integrated Circuit III Institute for Information Industry IPO Initial Public Offering IPR Intellectual Property Rights IT Information Technology - xxviii - ITRI Industrial ... Lee -in Chen Chiu, “The Pattern and Impact of Taiwan’s Investment in Mainland China,” in Sumner J La Croix, Michael Plummer, and Keun Lee, Emerging Partners of East Asian Investment in China:...

Ngày tải lên: 15/03/2014, 22:20