the biology of the aging brain

... with the advance of ana- tomoradiologic correlations The right and left hemispheres of the reconstructed brain show the extent of variability of the sulci and gyri in the two hemispheres of the ... Space The general course of these fibers is influenced by the meanderings of the cortex and the spatial distribution of the interconnected cortical regions Cortical Areas The topography of the ... In the ensemble of compact structures that constitute the brain, knowledge of the space occupied by the pathologic process itself repre- sents only one aspect of the problem Knowledge of the

Ngày tải lên: 12/05/2014, 16:51

... example is the effect of the insecticide DDT on the loss of durability ofthe eggshell of predatory birds, such as the bald eagle (Carson, 1963) Overuse ofDDT after World War II threatened their extinction ... mam-mals, the great cetaceans, so spectacularly adapted for life in the sea, are confined to the surface layers of the ocean The crushing pressure of the seawater, the cold,and the darkness make the ... but if both occur the probability of death is (set at) 1.0 (certainty) Therefore, the overall risk of death is the sum of the three products, or 2.1 in 100,000 The bottom part of the diagram shows

Ngày tải lên: 11/06/2014, 10:45

... therapeutics [21], these pores are nar-row enough to prevent the effective transvascular passage of most nanoparticles [22-25] If the upper limit of the therapeutically relevant pore size of the BBTB could ... nanoparticles in traversing the BBTB of malignant gliomas is the large size of these particles relative to the physio-logic pore size of the BBTB In this work, using the RG-2 malignant glioma model ... by the kidneys; therefore, these particles possess longer blood half-lives [19] The BBTB of malignant glio-mas becomes porous due to the formation of discontinu-ities within and between endothelial

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 15:20

... of the slope of the linear part of the Logan plot, curvature of the plot throughout the duration of scanning impairs the estimation of the binding potential (see Figure 3) Since the binding of ... rate constant of the parent compound from the plasma to the free tissue compartment; k2 (min−1) is the rate constant of transfer from the free to the plasma compartment; k3 (min−1) is the rate constant ... transfer from the free to the bound compartment; k4 (min−1) is the rate constant for transfer from the bound to the free compartment; and V0 (ml ml−1) is the fractional blood volume in the brain In

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 18:20

... entry into the brain because of blood-brain barrier (BBB) efflux transporters so that the brain serves as a reservoir for HIV-1 [2] and a source for viral escape [3] Therefore, HIV-1 in the brain ... act at the luminal, but not the abluminal, endothelial surface to increase the transcellular permeability of BMECs to HIV-1 Furthermore, the results suggest that the LPS-induced increase in the ... To quantify the relative levels of protein expression, the intensity of specific protein bands was quantified using ImageJ software (National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD) and then normalized

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20

... in the p53 gene in these same cells Because the p53 mutations were found predomi-nantly in the distal fimbrae of the fallopian tubes (the cells that are in contact with the OSE), the location of ... sloughing of tumor cells into the peritoneal cavity These individual or groups of exfoliated cells float in the fluid of the peritoneal cavity and can subsequently bind to the wall of the peritoneal ... what the stage of the cancer is without examining the extent of the metastasis surgi-cally Metastasis of ovarian cancer spreads by direct extension to neighboring organs from the ovaries or by the

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 07:20

... chemotherapy Convergent and discriminant validity was examined by correlating the scales of the Japanese version of the Ped-sQL™ Brain Tumor Module with the theoretically-pre-dicted scales of the ... and Trang 9Table 4: Factorial validity of the Japanese version of the PedsQL™ Brain Tumor Module(n = 137, 64% of the cumulative variance) (n = 166, 78% of the cumulative variance) Cognitive Problems ... a relatively long period of time In the present study, to facilitate the sharing of data across international borders, we developed the Japanese version of the PedsQL™ Brain Tumor Module and investi-gated

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 16:20

... hear, and to distinguish the ugly and the beautiful, the bad and the good, pleasant and unpleasant It is the brain too which is the seat of madness and delirium, of the fears and frights which ... is in no way due to the lack of interest or research on the brain but rather due to the complexity of its structure at the macroscopic, microscopic and molecular levels The brain provides clinicians ... translation, The medical works of Hippocrates, 1950, Oxford: Blackwells, pp 179-189) For all the advances in the medical and life sciences, the brain is perhaps still the least understood organ of the

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 11:20

... complicated by the rar-ity of iGb3 and the dominance of the regioiso-mer Gb3 Furthermore, other than the enzy-matic pathways of synthesis and degradation, little is known about the general biology of iGb3, ... unknown, they reside within the liver sinusoids, which they appear to patrol Their expression of CXCR6 matches the ex-pression of CXCL16 on the endothelial cells lining the sinusoids and appears ... reports over the past 10 years, more than 300 of which were published in the past year alone We attempt to organize a critical understanding of the general biology of NKT cells, mainly of the predominant

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 03:20

... membrane of the cell walls of Sphingomonas and Escherichia coli The inner leaflet of the outer membrane is composed of phospholipids, whereas the outer leaflet is made of LPS for E coli In the case of ... with thosegoverning the trafficking of endogenous gly-cosphingolipids, which are synthesized in the lumenal part of the Golgi and thought to reach the plasma membrane first, then the endosome, through ... from the speci-ficity of the mutated enzyme ( J Mattner and A Bendelac, unpublished data, and Reference 101) Cathepsins Paradoxically, studies of cathepsin-mutant mice led to the first reports of

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 03:20

... 60) In the case of Salmonella, this is suggested by the abrogation of NKT cell activation in the presence of DCs lacking β-hexosaminidase B, the enzyme responsible for the generation of iGb3 ... enhances the ability of DCs to stimulate NKT cells through presentation of endoge-nous ligands (Figure 7). Whether TLR signaling induces an up-regulation of iGb3 or changes in the expres-sion of other ... complicating the task of drawing a clear picture of the involvement of NKT cells in noninfectious diseases Type I diabetes. The relative deficiency of NKT cells in NOD mice (36, 37), combined with the

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 03:20

... not thymic epithelial cells can mediate negative selection of NKT cells J Exp Med 197:907–18 137 Xu H, Chun T, Colmone A, Nguyen H, Wang CR 2003 Expression of CD1d under the control of a MHC class ... line deletion of the CD1 locus exacerbates diabetes in the NOD mouse Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98:6777–82 218 Bach JF, Bendelac A, Brenner MB, Cantor H, De Libero G, et al 2004 The role of innate immunity ... survival, and effector functions during the development of Vα14i NKT cells Blood 107:2797–805 163 Atherly LO, Lucas JA, Felices M, Yin CC, Reiner SL, Berg LJ 2006 The Tec family Immunity 25:79–91 164

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 03:20

... the metabolism of the brain Sensors around the volunteer’s head monitor the radioactivity Computers convert the information into two-dimensional images The more active an area of the brain, the ... with some of the vocabulary and imagery needed to talk about and visualize brain structure neuron—nerve cell in the brain The neuron is the basis of the brain It is estimated that the brain contains ... Chapter Support the Aging Brain Orchestrate the Interplay Between Mind and Body Facts About Aging Quiz Physical Aspects Of Aging Psychological Aspects Of Aging Cognitive Aspects Of Aging Self-Quiz...

Ngày tải lên: 27/12/2013, 15:19

... provided the original work is properly cited 4 Evolution of the Molecular Biology of Brain Tumors and the Therapeutic Implications high grade gliomas The structure and compounds of the ECM of the brain ... (components of the lamina basalis), the β-subunit is the transmembrane part that binds to dystrophin Overexpression of dystroglycan decreased Evolution of the Molecular Biology of Brain Tumors and the Therapeutic ... mortality of the patient Moreover, the presence of the blood -brain barrier (BBB) limits the passage of a wide variety of anticancer agents The high incidence of recur‐ rence and poor prognosis of malignant...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 10:20

... 1999), the PL face patch of the IT cortex (Issa & DiCarlo, 2012), as well as other IT regions of the cortex (Matsumoto, et al., 2005) Also, microstimulation of sites in the lower bank of the STS ... to the current state of knowledge about the properties and speed of object processing in the brain, from biology, through molecular and cognitive neuroscience to psychology Multiple brain imaging ... is also called the ―where‖ pathway The ventral stream on the other hand is primarily engaged in recognition of objects; hence it is also called the ―what‖ pathway The existence of these pathways...

Ngày tải lên: 22/12/2014, 20:09

... a sample of 439.1 Table summarizes the sociodemographic and psychological characteristics of the sample at the time of the first interview The majority of the sample was White (83%; the remainder ... in the composition of social networks over time could alter the relative availability and efficiency of different types of support because of changes in the availability of certain types of ties ... may change (e.g., according to the social convoy model), both theories lead us to the hypotheses that the quality of support in networks of older adults remain the same or actually increase over...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 15:20

... 77 FIVE The Mommy Brain 95 SIX Emotion: The Feeling Brain 117 SEVEN The Mature Female Brain 135 EPILOGUE The Future of the Female Brain 159 vii C o n t e n ts APPENDIX ONE: The Female Brain and ... displays of status They often express agreement with a partner’s suggestions And when they have ideas of their own, they’ll put them in the form of questions, such as “I’ll be the teacher, okay?” Their ... created The boys pushed the girls around, refused to take turns, and would ignore a girl’s request to stop or give the toy back By the end of the morning, Leila had retreated to the other end of the...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 23:20

... The rectangular part of the plot extends from the lower to the upper quartile; the centre lines within each box show the location of the sample medians; the crosses within each box indicate the ... 1990) The present work aims to study the reproductive biology of the marbled goby in the Aegean; more specifically to study the sex ratio, time of spawning, fecundity, and size at maturity of the ... goodness -of- fit test was undertaken to compare the sex ratios at each monthly sampling or within the size groups with the hypothesized sex ratio of 1:1 The gonadosomatic index (GSI), which describes the...

Ngày tải lên: 22/03/2014, 12:20

... and Björn Malmqvist The Biology of Mangroves Peter F Hogarth The Biology of Soft Shores and Estuaries Colin Little The Biology of the Deep Ocean Peter Herring The Biology of Lakes and Ponds, ... habitat The Biology of Rocky Shores Colin Little and F A Kitching The Biology of Polar Habitats G E Fogg The Biology of Lakes and Ponds Christer Brönmark and Lars-Anders Hansson The Biology of Streams ... Glacier Bay, on the coast of southeast Alaska, is one of the 12 THE BIOLOGY OF SOIL best known places for research on soil and ecosystem development because of the continuous retreat of the glaciers...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 17:20

... race against the media and surely also against other people The future of the adapted mind is the creation of artificial people 401 XIII THE FUTURE OF THE ADAPTED MIND A feature of the adapted ... kind of average representation of stimuli of one class There are some hints that our brain solves the problem of storing faces with the help of prototypes We seem to build facial prototypes and then ... Brennan & Carey, 1987), where averaging a large number of faces in the brain derives the norm The second hypothesis is the ‘density alone hypothesis’, where the Gestalt is a pointby-point representation...

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 16:20