techniques for recognition of translation initiation sites

... nonfunctional translation initiation sites For example, weak or nonfunctional annAUG sites might be expected if there is translation initiation at upAUGs followed by translation EURASIP Journal on Bioinformatics ... effectiveness of using score distributions of 0-upAUG sets as control test distributions for analysis of TRII scores Comparisons of 0-upAUG distributions with distributions for sets of translation initiation ... and P P Mueller, “Evidence for regulation of reinitiation in translational control of GCN4 mRNA,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol 85, no 19,...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 11:20

... 2549 Study of the interactions of the Anp32a LRR module C de Chiara et al A B Fig Solution structure of the LRR domain of murine Anp32a (A) NMR bundle of the 10 best structures in terms of energy ... therefore analyzed this complex and compared its features with those of our structure Recognition of the two molecules occurs by fitting a helix of U2B¢¢ (residues 25–35) into the concave surface of ... 222-232 of PP2AC protrudes out enough to fit well into the groove formed by the concave surface of the LRR domain Stabilizing interactions could form between His230 of PP2A-C and Asp119 and Asn94 of...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 17:20

... of the second language allow, the exact conventional meaning of the original? A semantic translation B free translation C word -for- word translation D communicative translation Communicative translation ... as possible to that obtained on the readers of the original? A semantic translation B literal translation C word -for- word translation D communicative translation Which method atempts to render, ... closely as possible the linguistic content of the message C tends to produce a literal translation D tends to produce a word -for- word translation Semantic translation A remains within the original...

Ngày tải lên: 02/03/2014, 15:15

... mathematical forms of optimal multimedia authentication systems, a description of robust digital signature, the theoretical bound of information hiding capacity of images, an introduction of the Self-Authentication-and-Recovery ... spatial domain techniques, transform domain techniques and feature domain techniques The algorithms of the frequency domain are further subdivided into wavelet, DCT and fractal transform techniques ... spatial domain techniques, transform domain techniques or feature domain techniques The algorithms of the frequency domain were further subdivided into wavelet, DCT and fractal transform techniques...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 11:20

... concentration of Co2+; L, formamide ladder; T1, limited hydrolysis by RNase T1 Guanine residues are labeled on the right Sites of interference are denoted with arrows moieties in the formation of the ... the presence of Mg2+ demonstrated the importance of the N7 group of purines and Mg2+ ions in the organization of the catalytic site of the ribozyme and in the glucosamine 6-phosphate recognition ... the resin, only two sites remain available for interactions with RNA ligands, including the N7 atom of purines Therefore, there is the possible involvement of the N7 atom of the neighboring tandem...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 06:20

... long central helix, which shows a Ê translational displacement of  A that allows the accommodation of the heme cofactor (Fig 1C) [12] The hydrophobic core of the three domains is generally well ... Leu127 in HERG [16] For both FixL and PYP, structures are known for the inactive and active signaling states In the case of PYP, conformational changes occur in the neighborhood of the p-hydroxycinnamoyl ... modi®cations A model for recognition of PCDDs by Ah receptors The most noticeable conformational difference between the mAhR model and the FixL template is the relative position of the helical connector...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 00:21

... effects on translation initiation, it is not crucial in the in vitro translation system based on purified components, in contrast to the other translation initiation factors IF2 and translation initiation ... MG1655, for corresponding initiation region sequences for both assay systems 2432 Increased sensitivity of IF1 mutants to kasugamycin The mRNA sequence-specific inhibition of translation initiation ... step in translation initiation Mol Cell 30, 712–720 44 Stenstrom CM, Jin H, Major LL, Tate WP & Isaksson LA (2001) Codon bias at the 3¢-side of the initiation TIR dependence of translation initiation...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 09:20

... (Lithography) Galvanoformung (Electroforming) Abforming (Molding) The exact English meaning of LIGA is given in parenthesis This process involves X-ray irradiation, resist development, electroforming and ... which is now being treated as one of older techniques This also uses anisotropic etching of single crystal silicon For example, silicon cantilever beam for atomic force microscope (AFM) Surface ... of nanoquantum mechanical electron devices and their applications Classification of machining Micromachining is the basic technology for fabrication of micro-components of size in the range of...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 02:20

... the spectrum of applications for microfabrication techniques The width and depth of most microfluidic channels fall in the range of 10-1000 µm, and this feature size is thus small for conventional ... other microfabrication processes become more applicable for the manufacture of microfluidics Roll-to-roll stamping, lamination, hot embossing, and injection molding of plastic components offer excellent ... which will prove essential for the rapid development of these applications This chapter will discuss the fundamentals of laser ablation in the microfabrication of microfluidic materials After briefly...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 02:20

... 56 Micromachining Techniques for Fabrication of Micro and Nano Structures Laser micromachining of plastic laminates for microfluidics nearly always involves through-cutting of each layer CO2 ... method of fabrication offers enormous flexibility in both the design of the microfluidic plumbing as well as the materials which are used to create it One example of a fairly advanced microfluidic ... laser fluences for sapphire, silicon and Pyrex using the 266 nm and 355 nm Nd:YAG lasers extensively applied to the field of microfluidics, principally in the form of through-cutting of plastic laminates...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 02:20

... Micromachining Techniques for Fabrication of Micro and Nano Structures Fig Depth of tilting micro-trenches as a function of scan cycles (with permission for reproduction from American Institute of Physics ... of trenches laser micromachined at different focus offset planes: (a) small offset of 300 μm; (b) optimal offset of 450 μm; (c) large offset of 600 μm The pulse energy, pulse repetition rate, ... (Figure 12 (c)) Fig 12 Control of laser fluence by focus offset (with permission for reproduction from American Institute of Physics) A number of factors affect the quality of trenches In our study,...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 02:20

... the centre of the profile, I is the intensity at any other point, and r is the radius of the beam taken at a point where the beam axis intensity of its maximum Although this Gaussian profile is ... uniform intensity across the entire profile similar, in principle, to that shown in Figure 2b This is described as a ‘top-hat’ (or ‘flat-top’) profile perhaps due to the ‘flatness’ of the top of ... mode of operation just like a given wavelength implies the fundamental (i.e dominant) wavelength of operation = ( ) Fig Typical laser bean profile (a) Gaussian beam profile, (b) overlapping of...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 02:20

... than for grinding and most of the heat is transferred to and removed with the chips A good approximation for the removal of heat is, that 75% are transferred to 160 Micromachining Techniques for ... recently due to a 164 Micromachining Techniques for Fabrication of Micro and Nano Structures number of advantages like reduced costs due to handling of smaller amounts of liquid, less storage and disposal ... machining characteristics of Ti-6Al-4V Journal of Materials Processing Technology (87)107–111 Chiang, K (2007) Modeling and analysis of the effects of machining parameters on the performance characteristics...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 02:20

... edges but consisting of a softer material For steel e g spicular tools made of brass are suitable For microstructures e g made of PMMA or PTFE, wood can be used The disadvantage of this method is ... made of a wide variety of materials We acknowledge support by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and Open Access Publishing Fund of Karlsruhe Institute of Technology 180 Micromachining Techniques for ... Micromachining Techniques for Fabrication of Micro and Nano Structures Fig 19 Micro gearwheel top of teeth diameter: 800 µm, depth: 300 µm, diameter of column: 160 µm, height of the cone: 140...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 02:20

... limit for SiO2 Results are shown in Fig 14 Fig 14 Deformation and stress for Geometry B 196 Micromachining Techniques for Fabrication of Micro and Nano Structures Next, Geometry C showed a deformation ... before, a high etching rate 200 Micromachining Techniques for Fabrication of Micro and Nano Structures 50 minutes: Here it can be seen that a column with {110} facets is formed at the centre of ... Rodríguez for the preparation of the etching test masks for photolithography, Benito Nepomuceno for the oxidized silicon substrates preparation and Gaspar Casados for the SEM images of the structures...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 02:20

... The advent of personal computing has led to the development of PC-based “smart” software programs for controlling the operations of most modern AWJ systems and a host of accessories for speeding ... quality of cuts The flexibility of PC programming incorporates the versatility of waterjet technology very well, and the integration of modern PC-based software and hardware takes full advantage of ... characteristics of a waterjet Note that the jet spreads with the distance it travels Therefore, the profile of the jet, the abrasive size distribution, the abrasive flow rate, and the uniformity of abrasive...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 02:20

... versatility of waterjet technology for low-cost micromanufacturing of components for medical implants/devices and microelectronics, for green energy production systems, and for the post-processing of ... striking area of diameter less than the tool diameter, i.e 200 µm, is of the order of 500 kJ/m2 4.3 Width of microchannels Columns of Table gives post process measured values of the width of the microchannels ... -20% concentration range for NaOH electrolyte is 238 Micromachining Techniques for Fabrication of Micro and Nano Structures arrived at Moreover use of low concentration of NaOH as electrolyte makes...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 02:20

... interesting feature of this process is that the deposition of the micromechanical structures is performed before the gate oxidation 268 Micromachining Techniques for Fabrication of Micro and Nano ... of the wafer, which can be a PECVD layer and etching is performed through the wafer to produce, for example, membranes for pressure sensors, or mass/spring structures for accelerometers One of ... Technology Many of the technologies used in silicon sensors were developed for the IC industry, although the development of micromachining led to a new range of technologies and opportunities for new...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 02:20

... the method of separation of variables However, in the more general case of three-dimensional form of equation (1) with boundary conditions (i) to (iv), the versatile numerical methods of finite ... shots for later analysis For dc operation mode, a stable current source was used, and both the input voltage and current were monitored for accurate determination of input power For RF mode of operation, ... nature of MEMS calls for consideration of many interacting physical phenomena, thus leading to involvement of many types of equations that are coupled weakly or strongly depending on the type of...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 02:20