space time signal design for two antennas using sp

... with size N t for user k. 2) Time Spreading: Then each signal in x0 k is spread in time domain with ck orthogonal code for user k with size N c Let’s denote x00 k as spread signal in time, x00 k,i ... details the Joint STF spreading block shown in Fig 1b, where the signal is first spread in space, followed by time spreading and then time-frequency mapping is applied to ensure signal independency ... Their spreading technique uses space-time block codes or space-time trellis codes and then uses subcarrier selectors to map signals to different OFDM frequency subcarriers Our proposed STF spreading

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 22:20

... by spreading on all the signal domains; i.e, space-time frequency spreading is employed to transmit users’ signals The flexibility to spread on all three domains allows us to independently spread ... Performance Evaluation for Zero Forcing Receiver In this section, we will calculate probability of bit error for Zero-Forcing receiver (ZF) [18,19] to examine the performance of our space-time-frequency ... for wideband CDMA systems based on space-time spreading IEEE J Sel Areas Commun 19, 48–60 (2001) doi:10.1109/49.909608 L-L Yang, L Hanzo, Performance of broadband multicarrier DS-CDMA using spacetime

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 21:20

... proposed space-time chip equalizer for the proposed space-time coded downlink CDMA transmission scheme with the space-time RAKE re-ceiver for the space-time spreading scheme, which encom-passes the space-time ... that for the space-time spreading scheme, the MMSE space-time RAKE receiver significantly outperforms the matched space-time RAKE receiver Figures 2,3, and4compare the performance of the two transceivers ... compare the pro-posed MMSE space-time chip equalizer for the propro-posed space-time coded downlink CDMA transmission scheme with the MMSE time RAKE receiver for the space-time spreading scheme (see

Ngày tải lên: 23/06/2014, 01:20

... using Equation 4, and the second time adjusting for risk factors and covariates using Equation 6 Compar-ison of the results identifies cases for which space-time interaction is explained by the ... interaction inspected maps of the local statistics to identify clusters of high space-time interaction through time We then adjusted the tests for known risk factors (smoking) and covariates using the ... resultsobtained using static spatial point distributions can lead to erroneous conclusions regarding the timing, existence, extent, and locations of disease clusters [12,13] Tests for space-time interaction

Ngày tải lên: 02/11/2022, 11:35

... Recommended for Publication by Lee Swindlehurst Adifferential detection scheme for space-time spreading with two transmit antennas is proposed. The scheme does not require channel state information ... discussed in [4]. Inspired by the space-time block codes [3, 9], Hochwald and his colleagues proposed a transmit diversity scheme known as space-time spreading (STS) [11] for the downlink wideband ... antenna arrays, and so forth. Transmit diversity techniques have attracted great enthu- siasm in the past few years. Space-time trellis coding (STTC) [1, 2] and space-time block coding (STBC)

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 22:20

... orthogonal space-time block codes were given in [15]. One of the key a spects of orthogonal designs has been to ensure diversity for any symbol constellation. For more than two transmit antennas ... Full-Diversity Quasi-Orthogonal Space-Time Codes 1255 antennas,” Wireless Personal Communications,vol.6,no.3, pp. 311–335, 1998. [2] G. J. Foschini, “Layered space-time architecture for wireless communication ... noise conditions; see, for example, [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11] and references therein. For two transmit antennas, Alamouti’s orthogonal de- sign gave a full-r ate space-time block code with

Ngày tải lên: 23/06/2014, 01:20

... cannot form spike trains on the time scale of action potential spike trains An NO ‘spike’ lasts 50–100 times as long as an action potential It is more productive to consider it as a response ... The time frame of the NO pulse is appropri-ate for a retrograde signal (e.g one that functions as a mediator in synaptic plasticity) Because signaling is inherently time-dependent, pulse formation ... low spin⁄ high spin thermal equilibrium in citrulline-saturated NOS Figure 3 (upper trace) shows a difference spectrum obtained by subtracting the spectrum of nNOS, NADPH and arginine from the spectrum

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 00:20

... SNR of relay networks employing distributed space-time codes with BPSK signals based on MGF given in (51) with the full-rate, full-diversity distributed GABBA space-time codes For GABBA codes, ... R-relay wireless network, using the so-called distributed space time codes (DSTCs) In this strategy, a two-phase protocol is used In phase one, the transmitter sends the information signal to the ... could vary Therefore, power control among the relays is required for such a cooperation In [10], a closed-form expression for the moment generating function (MGF) of AF space-time cooperation

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 19:20

... (CCF) for two subchannels of a MIMO multicarrier wireless channel, that is, of two pairs of antenna elements, two time indices and at two carrier frequencies Trang 2The calculation of the CCF for ... [1] Most of existing MIMO models for outdoor environments assume wave propagation in a two-dimensional (2D) horizontal space, considering a special geometry for the scatterers combined with appropriate ... 3D theoretical channel model for scatterers that form a half-spheroid with a given axial length ratio [7] Using a 3D cylinder scattering model (specific geometry for the distribution of scatterers),

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 23:20

... distributed space-time coding Distributed space-space-time coding in asynchronous found in [44–46] This paper has two main contributions First, we extend the idea of distributed space-time coding ... Chakraborty The idea of space-time coding devised for multiple-antenna systems is applied to the problem of communication over a wireless relay network, a strategy called distributed space-time coding, ... been looking for methods to exploit spatial diversity based on Hurwitz-Radon matrices in wireless relay networks of space-time coding devised for multiple-antennasystems is applied to the problem

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 19:20

... averaging time needs to correspond to the stationarity time An addi-tional difficulty occurs specifically for the TF representation: independence between two signals in a certain band around ω corresponds ... experiment, two female speakers were recorded by two microphones with 4.5 cm spacing.Figure 1 shows the measured versus smoothed spatial transfer func-tions for this difficult case of two female speaker ... describe the spatial transform for a sufficiently narrow frequency band represen-tation and assuming a linear spatial system We can rewrite the model (11) for the case of two sources and two micro-phones

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 23:20

... Trang 1EURASIP Journal on Applied Signal ProcessingVolume 2006, Article ID 62052, Pages 1 17 DOI 10.1155/ASP/2006/62052 Space-Time Joint Interference Cancellation Using Fuzzy-Inference-Based Adaptive ... based on a fuzzy-logic controlled LMS or RLS algorithm for space-time joint asynchronous DS-CDMA signals The FLC system is employed to perform the non-linear mapping of the input variables into ... Direct-sequence code-division multiple access (DS-CDMA), a specific form of spread-spectrum transmission, has been adopted as the multiaccess technology for nonorthogonal transmission in the third-generation

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 23:20

... UNITARY SPACE-TIME CODING The differential encoding and decoding schemes using star QAM method for unitary space-time coding are analyzed in this section. The differential unitary space-time coding ... differential unitary space-time coding and differential orthogonal space-time coding, by using the star QAM method, two kinds of multiple amplitudes differential space-time coding schemes ... differential unitary space-time coding For the developed... space-time coding For the developed MDOSTC scheme, it has higher coding gain than existing differential orthogonal space-time coding

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 23:20

... proposed for space-time coded wideband CDMA systems using aperiodic and possi- bly multirate spreading codes. Using a decorrelating front end, the received signal is projected onto a subspace from ... for generalized space-time block codes,”... the channel of each transmit-receive pair simultaneously, exploiting the subspace structure of CDMA signals and the orthogonality of space-time ... corresponding antenna. Note that the data sequences for the two transmit antennas are spread by the same spreading code here. The separation of the two antenna signals is possible with a single spreading

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 23:20

... then designing a space-time code/decoder for the resulting flat-fading chan-nel For example, the use of a linear minimum mean-square-error (MMSE) equalizer combined with Alamouti’s space-time ... estimation for time-reversal space-time block-coded transmission,” IEEE Trans Veh Technol., vol 53, no 4, pp 1273–1278, 2004 [17] N Al-Dhahir, “Decision-feedback sequence estimation for time-reversal space-time ... Liu, M P Fitz, and O Y Takeshita, “On the design of space-time and space-frequency codes for MIMO frequency-selective fading channels,” IEEE Trans Inform Theory, vol 49, no 9, pp 2277–2292, 2003.

Ngày tải lên: 23/06/2014, 00:20

... The additional spatial dimension allows for so-called space- time codes which basically transmit replicas of the same information over, for example, different antennas in different time slots In ... symbols transmitted from two Tx antennas The signals are ordered as follows (from top to bottom): I -signal of Tx1, Q -signal of Thomas Haustein et al Tx1, I -signal of Tx2, and Q -signal of Tx2 The arrow ... calibration and signal processing at the Txs and Rxs REFERENCES [1] G J Foschini, “Layered space- time architecture for wireless communication in a fading environment when using multielement antennas, ”...

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 23:20

... van der Veen, S Talwar, and A Paulraj, “A subspace approach to blind space- time signal processing for wireless communication systems,” IEEE Trans Signal Processing, vol 45, no 1, pp 173–190, ... “Differential unitary spacetime modulation,” IEEE Trans Communications, vol 48, no 12, pp 2041–2052, 2000 [13] N D Sidiropoulos and R S Budampati, “Khatri-Rao spacetime codes,” IEEE Trans Signal Processing, ... Hanzo, Space- time codes and concatenated channel codes for wireless communications,” Proceedings of the IEEE, vol 90, no 2, pp 187–219, 2002 [7] V Tarokh, N Seshadri, and A R Calderbank, Space- time...

Ngày tải lên: 23/06/2014, 01:20

... needed to perform each action? What actions need to be performed in groups? For example, will you use transaction processing of information? Module 3: Using a Conceptual Design for Data Requirements ... What are the two phases in conceptual design that can result in the creation of use cases? Information gathering and information analysis 64 Module 3: Using a Conceptual Design for Data Requirements ... Module 8: Designing Data Services Module 7: Implementing Data Integrity Module 2: Solution Design Processes Designing Data Services and Data Models Module 3: Using a Conceptual Design for Data...

Ngày tải lên: 10/12/2013, 17:15

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Ngày tải lên: 03/06/2014, 17:01

... ) = for k ≠ ⎩ Digital Filters Design for Signal and Image Processing ⎧ u ( k ) = for k ≥ ⎪ Unit step signal: ⎨ ⎪u ( k ) = for k < ⎩ ⎧ r ( k ) = k for k ≥ ⎪ Unit ramp signal: ⎨ ⎪r ( k ) = for ... look at the z-transform of discrete -time exponential signals x(k ) = e −αk for k ≥ and x(k) = for k < and y(k) = x(k-m) where m is a natural integer 30 Digital Filters Design for Signal and Image ... continuous -time or analog signal can be measured at certain instants This means physical phenomena create, for the most part, continuous -time signals Time (s) Figure 1.1 Example of the sleep spindles...

Ngày tải lên: 05/06/2014, 12:05