regulation of vertebrate left right axis development by calcium

... polyamine in the regulation of apop-tosis [21,22] Thus, the possibility that the antiviral effect of spermine is mediated by induction of apop-tosis was analyzed For this purpose, the effect of spermine ... isoforms of arginase, I (hepatic isoform) and II (extrahepatic isoform), may contribute to the arginase activity measured in the previous experiment, A B C Fig 1 IRF-3 5D-inducible expression of ... early events of innate response to virus infection In a previous study, we used a constitutively active form of IRF-3 (IRF-3 5D) to stimulate tran-scription of genes in the absence of virus infection...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 21:20

... with a stochiometry of 1 : 1 of dTTP bound per subunit of dCTP deaminase Mutational analysis of amino acid residues involved in dTTP regulation of dCTP deaminase The design of the mutant enzymes ... roles of His121 and Val122 in catalysis and regulation of dCTP deaminase Removal of the imidazole ring in H121A was anticipa-ted to relieve or reduce inhibition by dTTP by prevent-ing expulsion of ... proceeds by the reductive methylation of dUMP, which is obtained via one of two parallel pathways One path-way, considered to be a minor supplier of dTTP [1–3], involves the reduction of UDP (UTP) by...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 16:20

... stoichiometry of phosphorylation in the case of PKA, and by the existence of multiple phosphorylation sites in all cases To assess the contribution of a well estab-lished site to the regulation of calpain ... Effects of phosphorylation on the activation and activity of calpain B Because the location of the phosphorylation sites suggested an effect of phosphate incorporation on the Ca2+regulation of calpain ... Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary 4 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Hungary 5 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 02:20

... ligand-induced downregulation of LHR is paralleled by a specific, transient disappearance of its mRNA transcripts [7,10] Further studies on the mechanism of rapid degradation of LHR mRNA led to ... side chains of Glu193 and Ser146 help to stabilize the transition state of the c-phosphate group of ATP by magnesium ion Lys13 is also found to be within 3–4 A˚ of the C5 hydroxyl group of mevalonic ... were performed in the presence of 5 lg of tRNA and 40 U of RNasin (Promega) at 30C for 30 min Unprotected radiolabeled RNA was degraded by the addi-tion of 25 U of RNase T1 at 37C for 30 min...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 06:20

... the action of SOCS2 is in the regulation of the GH signaling pathway SOCS3 SOCS3 KO mice die by placental function defects during the embryonic stage of development [41,42] Deletion of SOCS3 causes ... of SOCS3 by adenoviral gene transfer could prevent the development of experimental arthritis [77] The IL-6/STAT3 pathway therefore promotes the progression of the chronic status of diseases by ... underlying mechanism by which STAT1 Figure 5 Regulation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) signaling by STAT3 (signal transduction and activators of transcription 3) and suppressor of cytokine signaling...

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 06:23

... ROLE OF GLABRA3 IN TRICHOME DEVELOPMENT AND THE RELATION OF GLABRA3 FUNCTION TO THE EXPRESSION OF GENES INVOLVED 3.2.2 Plants with Both 35S::GL1 and Extra Copies of GL3 3.2.3 Identification of ... Transcripts of 5.2.5 Sub-Cellular Localization of SIM 137 5.2.6 The Effect of Ectopic Over-Expression of SIM 140 Trang 8APPENDIX: LIST OF PCR PRIMERS USED IN THIS WORK 170 Trang 9LIST OF FIGURES ... expression as determined by 4-4: Expression of At2g28210 in various organs of the plant 98 4-5: Analysis of the expression of At2g28210 using 4-7: ClustalW alignment of genes related to At2g28210...

Ngày tải lên: 14/11/2014, 11:55

... ROLE OF GLABRA3 IN TRICHOME DEVELOPMENT AND THE RELATION OF GLABRA3 FUNCTION TO THE EXPRESSION OF GENES INVOLVED 3.2.2 Plants with Both 35S::GL1 and Extra Copies of GL3 3.2.3 Identification of ... Transcripts of 5.2.5 Sub-Cellular Localization of SIM 137 5.2.6 The Effect of Ectopic Over-Expression of SIM 140 Trang 8APPENDIX: LIST OF PCR PRIMERS USED IN THIS WORK 170 Trang 9LIST OF FIGURES ... expression as determined by 4-4: Expression of At2g28210 in various organs of the plant 98 4-5: Analysis of the expression of At2g28210 using 4-7: ClustalW alignment of genes related to At2g28210...

Ngày tải lên: 14/11/2014, 12:16

... support of many people I hereby thank you all Trang 4TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ii TABLE OF CONTENTS iv LIST OF PUBLICATIONS vi SUMMARY vii LIST OF TABLES ix LIST OF ... affinity of glycine decreases the rate of development of glycine-dependent desensitization and the rate of dissociation of glycine from the NMDA receptors However, the rate for dissociation of NMDA ... Trang 1REGULATION OF NR1/NR2B NMDA RECEPTOR FUNCTION BY THROMBIN LEUNG HOW WING B.Sc (Hons.), NUS A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOLOGY...

Ngày tải lên: 11/09/2015, 10:18

... of Egr2 (Fig 1c, left panel) and more specifically, isolated mouse mammary epithelial cells (MMECs) from Sfrp1−/− mice express higher levels of Egr2 (Fig 1c, right panel) Regulation of EGR2 by ... absence and presence of 1 μg/ml rSFRP1 a M2 polarization was evaluated by the mRNA expression of CD163 (left panal) and M1 polarization was evaluated by HLA-DRA mRNA expression (right panal) b Explant ... design of this study, collection, analysis, interpretation, and writing of the manuscript were made possible because of the funding support by the Rays of Hope Foundation. Availability of data...

Ngày tải lên: 06/08/2020, 06:04

... down-regulation of Pax6 in turn suppressed Tlx3 expression in CGNs (Fig. 2K) The specificity of Pax6 siRNA was confirmed by checking the down regulation of Pax6 and corresponding down regulation of ... 2Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai-400005, India †Present address: Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine ... expression of specific genes such as Tlx3 in distinct areas of the cerebellum Therefore, to understand this regulation of Tlx3 in cerebellum, we first need to know the upstream regulators of Tlx3...

Ngày tải lên: 04/12/2022, 16:03

... the nucleus of the mammillo-tegmental tract (nMTT), the nucleus of the tract of the posterior commissure (nTPC) and the nucleus of the descending tract of the mesencephalic nucleus of the tri-geminal ... nerve nmesV nucleus of the descending tract of the mesencephalic nucleus of the trigeminal nerve nMLF nucleus of the medial longitudinal fascicle nMTT nucleus of the tract of the mammilotegmental ... tract nTPC nucleus of the tract of the posterior commissure nTPOC nucleus of the tract of the postoptic commissure p1, p2, p3 prosomere 1, prosomere 2, prosomere 3 TPC tract of the posterior commissure...

Ngày tải lên: 04/12/2022, 16:13

... the presence of various concentrations of 2A2 mAb The binding of 2A2 mAb was followed by native gel elec-trophoresis Increasing the concentration of 2A2 mAb at a fixed molar ratio of cathepsin ... in the regulation of cell growth through degradation of internalized growth factors and their receptors [11], as well as in the pathways of programmed cell death [12,13] Increased levels of cathepsin ... hindered by the occlud-ing loop and occurs by a two-step mechanism in which the N-terminus of the inhibitor first binds to the enzyme, displacing the occluding loop, followed by the binding of another...

Ngày tải lên: 18/02/2014, 11:20

... Inhibition of the ATPase activity was then explained by a slowing down of the formation of active complex in solution On the other hand, the acceleration of the sliding velocity (and the lower number of ... properties of an additional natural component of the thin filament framework, nebulin Nebulin spans the entire length of thin filaments and is capable of modulating the rate of formation of the actin– ... titin, we performed MALDI-TOF MS following in-gel digestion of T800 by trypsin The set of molecular weights corresponding to the resulting tryptic peptides was then examined by a search in the NCBI...

Ngày tải lên: 19/02/2014, 16:20

... mechanism of regulation of both domains involves a common iron dependent process [74,75,79]. Regulation of HIFa subunits by oxygen-dependent prolyl and asparaginyl hydroxylation A variety of oxygen ... Control of cell lineage-specific development and transcription by bHLH-PAS proteins Genes Dev 12, 607–620 60 Fedele, A.O., Whitelaw, M.L & Peet, D.J (2002) Regulation of gene expression by the ... during embryo development (i.e. HIF-1a for vascularization, HIF-2a for catecholamine production; for a comprehensive review see [60,61]). Regulation of HIF proteins by hypoxia One of the major...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 23:20

... The University of Tokyo, Japan The Sp family is a family of transcription factors that bind to cis-elements in the promoter regions of various genes Regulation of transcription by Sp proteins ... progression of the cell cycle and the differentiation of cells [11,12] The methylation of DNA plays a role in the regulation of gene expression [13,14], genomic imprinting [15] and inactivation of the ... 2002) Trang 2sites of initiation of transcription of Dnmt1 [24] mighthave been a mistake and that there is a single site only [23] To understand the regulation of expression of the Dnmt1 gene...

Ngày tải lên: 22/02/2014, 07:20

... finely tuned by a single kinase Taken together, this study suggests a versatile regulation of protein activation by the combined effect of structural, kinetic and thermodynamic aspects of multisite ... variables will again be denoted by Yn, as indicated in Fig 1A (second panel) The Yn values are determined by a system of algebro-differential equations of the form of Eqns (2)–(4) when the following ... overall steepness of the response curve by means of the effective Hill coefficient nH¼ ln 81⁄ ln R, where the global response coefficient R is the ratio of the concentration of active kinase K0.9at...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 10:20

... increasing concentrations of NGF or TNFα were added in the presence of a fixed amount of TNFα or NGF, respectively Figure 2B Page of 13 (page number not for citation purposes) Journal of Neuroinflammation ... concentrations of NGF in the presence or absence of 10 ng/ml TNFα (Top) or treated with increasing concentrations of TNFα in the presence or absence of 25 ng/ml NGF (Bottom) Positive control (Pos) is µg of ... control of culture gene construct under transfected with a in the enhancers specific PC12 cells the Detection of SEAPSEAP reporter medium offor NF-κB, AP-1 Detection of SEAP in the culture medium of...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20

... the KIND family of proteins, only KIND2 binds to MAP2 Pull-down assay (PD) of the endogenous MAP2 from cerebellar lysates of P21 mice (A, left) and purified MAP2a ⁄ b (A, right) by GST-fused KIND ... effect of the overexpression of v-KIND, but similar to the effect of knockdown of v-KIND [12], thereby suggesting that the 32 amino acids core polypeptide acts as a dominant-negative molecule by ... full-length v-KIND; DKIND1, deletion of KIND1; DKIND2, deletion of KIND2; DKIND1 + 2, deletion of both KIND1 and KIND2; DRasN, deletion of RasN; DGEF, deletion of RasGEF; KIND1, KIND1 domain; KIND2,...

Ngày tải lên: 14/02/2014, 19:20

... desumoylation by inhibition of conjugating enzymes activity through the formation of a disulfide bridge in 432 12 h C 100 PIASxα 150 F ** C % of control 3h SAE1 600 % of control ** ** % of control ... the effect of cAMP signaling on SUMO pathway is complex and cell type dependent Notwithstanding, the up regulation of E1, the down regulation of E2 or E3 and the increased expression of SENP2 lead ... cerevisiae Induction of protein sumoylation by cellular stresses J Biol Chem 279, 32262–32268 44 Bossis G & Melchior F (2006) Regulation of SUMOylation by reversible oxidation of SUMO conjugating...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 06:20

... findings, we next investigated the time course of mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines by real-time PCR in brain of burned mice On account of the lack of significant improvement in pathology ... single dose of gelsolin can dramatically reduce mortality by ameliorating cerebral inflammatory lesions and apoptosis via acceleration of recruitment of monocytes and down -regulation of phospho-ERK1/2 ... dysregulation of glucose metabolism [7], and disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) [8,9] Neuroinflammation is a frequent consequence of sepsis and septic shock [10] Approximately 93% of...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 22:20