recent developments for quantitation of lipid oxidation

... formula (13) is only a method of confirming the correctness of the results Figure 7 Influence of the mesh density on the value of air gap energy for rotor position 30◦ Trang 5Figure 8 Ratio of ... Convergence to zero of the above difference was observed Like before the tendency appears irrespective of the rotor’s position Convergence of solutions determined on the basis of the values of potentials ... common for both the rotor and the stator meshes and obtained results were compared The quality of energy calculation was determined on the basis of numerical testing of the convergence of the

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 09:20

... the stochastic nature of the DTC control strategy, direct comparison of the wave-forms doesn’t give much information Instead, the results are gathered from several cycles of the fundamental frequency ... non-sinusoidal nature of the supply voltage must be taken into account in modeling the drive to reflect the effect on machine performance of the harmonic content of the supply voltage In the case of a voltage ... the fundamental frequency and Fourier analysis is performed to find out the harmonic content of the waveforms Fig 6 presents the spectrum of the line-to-line supply voltage ob-tained by FEM and

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 09:20

... The majority of the electric machines operate at variable speed In most of cases, it involves a generation of noise and vibrations, for a given speed and frequency For industries of manufacture, ... Main characteristics of the machine Frequency of the supply f r 237 Rotational frequency frot 237/p Frequencies of components of forces h ∗ 237(h = 2, 4, 6, ) (multiple of 2 f ) Trang 10106 ... Spectrum of Induction F.E.M Analytical Model F.E.M Analytical model Figure 2 Comparison of the form induction and FFT. Electromagnetic model It is assumed that forces in the air-gap of the machine

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 09:20

... by the intervals of variation, for the five factors (Table 3) The Fig 11 gives a representation of the influence of each factor on the noise Firstly, it shows that the opening of the permanent ... ELECTROMAGNETIC FORCES AND MECHANICAL OSCILLATIONS OF THE STATOR END WINDING OF TURBO GENERATORS A Gr ¨uning and S Kulig Institute of Electrical Drives and Mechatronics, University of Dortmund, ... Numerical methods of calculating the electromagnetic forces and of simulating the oscilla-tion behavior of the stator end winding are introduced The end winding oscillaoscilla-tions of different

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 09:20

... electromagnetic force computation are given by force vectors instead of uniform loads. The magnitude of the force vector acting on a certain node is therefore dependent on the length of the respective ... principle of superposition after applying a discrete form of (1) to each segment. The three-dimensional distribution of electromagnetic forces can afterward be obtained by computing the vector of force ... highest magnitudes in the force distribution occur in the area of the involute parts of the windingcoilsnearertothe end core plane.Inbothforcedistributions the number ofpoles of the corresponding

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 09:20

... 3Motion transformation ratioStatic Dynamic Figure 2 Torques vs transformation ratio (5). For the dynamic torque, the increase of the transformation ratio will reduce the component of the torque ... fv + F  dyn The two types of torque are dependent on the transformation ratio level For the static torque it is obviously interesting to use a high value of the transformation ratio because the ... the design of a drive consisting of a voltage supplied brushless motor and a lead-screw transformation system In order to reduce the cost and the weight of this drive an optimization of the main

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 09:20

... case of an unsaturated salient-pole synchronous machine, is shown in Fig 2(a) It is given for various values of the inductance difference between the two magnetic axes The trajectories of i m for ... trajectory ofφ m, shown in Fig 2(b), are elliptical with axes of symmetry in q- and d-directions, corresponding to the point of minimum and maximum modulus of r respectively Furthermore, for a given ... betweeni mandφ mfor the sameβ The trajectory of i mfor a circular trajectory ofφ mis shown in Fig 3(b) The figure shows elliptical trajectories with a maximumi m in the direction of i m, corresponding

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 09:20

... function ofμ for various magnetic states in the case of an approximated magnetizing current Trang 2152 De Belie et al.Figure 6 Estimation error on the rotor angle of an IPMSM as a function ofβ in ... Schr¨odl, “Optimization of Saliency Effects of External Rotor Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors with Respect to Enhanced INFORM-Capability for Sensorless Control”, Proc of the 10th European Conference ... have some advantages, such as easiness of maintenance In addition, sensorless speed control of the AC motors has been proposed for the demand of the reduction of weight, size, and total cost Synchronous

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 09:20

... (eds.), Recent Developments of Electrical Drives, 165–176. 2006 Springer. Trang 5166 Duran et al.hand, parameter estimation is carried out to account for thermal and skin effects Models for both ... measured For the measurements of the currents a digital filter is used before considering the transformation matrix into the dq values. The difference between them is due to the fact that the information ... Parameters for both models are calculated experimentally, in the case of the motor heating, and considering the analytical case for the deep-bar effect [8] Additionally, the problem of current

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 09:20

... voltage, are then used for stator flux-linkage vector and electromagnetic torque estimation Some methods of compensation for the effect of stator-resistance variation and for the DC offset in the measurements, ... Different coordinate systems for vector representation of IPMSM quantities. Trang 9A comparison between the two IPMSM rotor designs of Fig 1, for constant rotor-PM volume and for identical magnetic ... single-layer IPMSM, for the same armature mmf However, the torque performances using flux-weakening at high speeds for both IPMSMs are quite similar DTC of VSI-fed IPMSM for wide-speed operation

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 09:20

... function of rotor speed and the main control parameters Next, optimization software generates optimal control parameter combinations out of these surfaces for equidistant torque-speed performance ... implementation of an optimal control strategy for an 8/6 SRM, operating in a broad supply voltage range Robust control must be applied for a dc-link voltage range of 115–325 V and a speed range of 0–2,000 ... combinations of phase current and control angles are possible for a given reference torque This degree of freedom enables optimization of the torque control parameters A complete optimization of machine

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 09:20

... transients For steady state behavior, [7] describes the similarity between supply voltage decrease and rotor speed increase on the current waveform of SR generators This reduces the number of parameter ... parameters for the unique peak value of a surface is not an obvious task for any search tool SRM objective functions (surfaces) Objective functions, describing the SRM behavior as a function of the ... functions of the optimization platform Different functions or surfaces can Figure 7 SRM maximum torque control angles and behavior for u and i Trang 4Figure 8 Torque, efficiency, and torque ripple for

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 09:20

... magnetostrictive force (normalized to 50,870 N/m) and deformation (magnified 20,000 times) of the stator core of the induction machine (a) Forces (b) Deformation The calculated magnetostrictive forces ... displacedisplace-ments of a node on the outer surface of the stator core are transformed with Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and numerically differentiated to obtain the frequency components of the velocity of ... magnetostrictive forces are the set of nodal forces due to this stress The measurements presented in [10] give the component of magnetostrictive stressσ ms in a direction parallel to that of the magnetic

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 09:20

... because of C-C covalent bonding and seamless hexagonal network architecture • Young’s modulus of over TPa vs 70 GPa for Aluminum, 700 GPA for C-fiber - strength to weight ratio 500 time > for Al; ... field, application of mechanical deformation… • Very high current carrying capacity • Excellent field emitter; high aspect ratio and small tip radius of curvature are ideal for field emission ... Roadmap for Silicon) • Must be easier and cheaper to manufacture than CMOS • Need high current drive; should be able to drive capacitances of interconnects of any length • High level of integration...

Ngày tải lên: 21/02/2014, 17:20

... layers of reinsurance protection, e.g., protection against events that have a probability of occurrence of 0.01 or less (i.e., a return period of at least 100 years) The higher layers of protection ... layers of protection often go unreinsured by ceding companies for two primary reasons for events of this magnitude, ceding insurers are more concerned about the credit risk of the reinsurer, and ... payoff is triggered by specified physical measures of the catastrophic event such as the wind speed and location of a hurricane or the magnitude and location of an earthquake There are a number of...

Ngày tải lên: 06/03/2014, 04:20

... ings for explanation of deposition to Rex texture transformation 11 12 Recent Developments in the Study of Recrystallization Figure 10 directions in [110] oriented fcc crystal For ... systems of to as a function of rotation angle about TD [-110] of 18 15 Figure 19 Shear strains oncrystal [43] of to as a function of rotation angle about TD [-110] of (001)[110] crystal 32 of (001)[110] ... strains The driving force for Rex must be the 15 16 Recent Developments in the Study of Recrystallization internal stress due to defects such as vacancies and dislocations Therefore, the texture...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 21:20

... limit of pore size in the BBTB of the microvasculature of early, less mature and smaller malignant brain tumor colonies is to nanometers lower than that of the BBTB of the microvasculature of late, ... consistent with the formation of new anatomic defects within and between endothelial cells of the BBB following disruption of the overlaying glycocalyx On the basis of our recent findings[73,74], ... and the sizes of Gd-G7 and Gd-G8 dendrimer particles are large enough for estimation of particle diameters, which are approximately 11 nm for Gd-G7 dendrimers and approximately 13 nm for Gd-G8 dendrimers...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 15:20

... task-oriented or "dynamic biofeedback" (in comparison to static biofeedback) While several past studies employed a form of dynamic biofeedback for rehabilitation of postural control or walking ... applications for task-oriented biofeedback training Information fusion An information/sensory fusion approach is one way to reduce information overload to patients during biofeedback therapy Information ... be made, and in what format information will be presented to the patient or therapist They often take the form of direct mapping from sensory information to various types of augmented feedback,...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 10:20

... 23.1% for MRGluc, and 20.0% for MRGlucMAX Figure illustrates the distribution of COV values for each of the three PET metrics Sensitivity analysis for the between-animal COV as a function of KM ... a coefficient of variation of 3.7% Image analysis Regions of interest [ROIs] were drawn using the image analysis software IRW from Siemens For any given tumor model, all scans for all animals ... (B) MRGluc for all 1,192 scans from the 112 studies The data are grouped into one box for each of the 11 tumor models, with the median for each box shown as a horizontal line Data for each tumor...

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 17:20

... RECENT DEVELOPMENTS OF ELECTRICAL DRIVES Recent Developments of Electrical Drives Best papers from the International Conference ... Effect of Stress-Dependent Magnetostriction on Vibrations of an Induction Motor A Belahcen 201 Contents Comparison of Stator- and Rotor-Force Excitation for the Acoustic Simulation of ... Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work Printed in the...

Ngày tải lên: 02/07/2014, 09:20