polishing without wax—the finer points of grammar

... Examples: Fifty percent of the pie has disappeared Pie is the object of the preposition of Fifty percent of the pies have disappeared Pies is the object of the preposition One-third of the city is unemployed ... One-third of the people are unemployed Note Hyphenate all spelled-out fractions All of the pie is gone All of the pies are gone Some of the pie is missing Some of the pies are missing None of the ... branch of a tree (pronounced like cow) part of a set with arrows (pronounced like owe) boat front; a male’s form of curtsy, bending at the waist; comply (pronounced like cow) 22 The Blue Book of Grammar...

Ngày tải lên: 30/09/2015, 11:13

... with an awareness of intercultural differences in communication) Sub-project Conference West Diversity of linguistic contexts and effects on the perception of language needs types of groups (1/3) ... plurilingual repertoire factor of competitiveness 10 Sub-project Conference West Diversity of linguistic contexts types of groups (2/3) Ireland/UK • • • • • • • Role of English in the global market ... place Companies and sizable section of population: unawareness of the importance of foreign languages and intercultural skills Political level : promotion of language learning Decline in foreign...

Ngày tải lên: 01/12/2016, 23:18

... abuses of the rights of others Just as markets are not possible without “regulation,” private property cannot exist without a robust regulatory infrastructure There is no private property without ... exercise this kind of freedom But freedom of action without limits is not liberty Regulations may seem to deny us freedom, but regulation is just another word for “the rule of law.” Conservatives ... exercise of liberty by one person may infringe on the rights and liberties of others Laws establish background rules to enable the liberty of each to be compatible with the liberty of all Laws...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2018, 11:17

... market meets all of the criteria of any market.”14 In this view, compensation arrangements are the outcome of market interactions, a product of the combined forces of the supply of and demand for ... differs from other types of criticism Indeed, in some respects, our positions are closer to those of supporters of current pay arrangements than to those of other critics of these arrangements To ... first place The critical role of outsiders’ perception of executives’ compensation and the significance of outrage costs explain the importance of yet another component of the managerial power approach:...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2018, 13:37

... it.' Prepositions after adjectives characteristic of independent of typical of We hope that the examples will help you find your way around in grammar books so that you can successfully organise ... out without changing the basic message of the sentence.) Goethe, who died in 1832, was a famous writer Our car, which is quite old, is still reliable I'd like you to meet our secretaries, some of ... gave you the information? If you want to refer to a single item you can say 'a piece of information', 'a piece of furniture' Plural verb: Where are the scissors/trousers? The police have arrested...

Ngày tải lên: 05/10/2012, 09:58

... sequence of Colloc(ations), each of which consists of a sequence of Words sible for an adaptor grammar to generate a sentence as a sequence of collocations, each of which consists of a sequence of ... Colloc(ations), each of which is composed of a sequence of Words, each of which in turn is composed of a sequence of Syll(ables) This grammar achieves a word segmentation fscore of 0.78 at α = 100, ... into a single grammar In this section we combine the collocation aspect of the previous grammar with the morphology component of the grammar presented in section 3.2 to produce a grammar that...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 09:20

... synthesis of palmitate, the precursor of FFAs The inhibition of signaling by trophic factors, removal of trophic factors or inhibition of fat synthesis result in the down-regulation of lipogenesis ... 24 h with lgỈmL)1 of cerulenin (B), lgỈmL)1 of CdTe QDs (C) and both lgỈmL)1 of CdTe QDs and lgỈmL)1 of cerulenin (D) The scale bars correspond to 50 lm (E) The quantification of the lipid droplet ... degree of internalization of QDs and various other NPs is dependent on their size, surface charge, concentration in the medium and duration of exposure [4,7–11] We have also shown the release of...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 00:20

... question of whether the grammar constitutes input data can then be viewed as follows: while the grammar does not constitute a separate set of input data, it nevertheless will use separate sets of grammatical ... PARSING OF NATURAL LANGUAGES tions are pertinent in the case of a grammar having sufficient context-sensitivity to serve the needs of syntactic recognition adequate for the machine translation of ... since the proponents of this concept of simplicity admit that it applies only when the rules are held to the same format Another point raised in connection with the separation of grammar and algorithm...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 18:20

... the set of context-free languages properly includes the set of metalinear languages Metalinear grammars have non-terminating rules of the form A → xBy or of the form S → φ and no rules of the ... reference 17, the adequacy of a finite-state model is maintained The question of weak generative power is, of course, 13 only one factor in the determination of proper grammars of natural languages ... inclusion of sets within others is pictorially displayed by showing successive subsets as successively lower points on a vertical line, the equivalences of grammars and the inclusion of cer- GENERATIVE...

Ngày tải lên: 07/03/2014, 18:20

... (C) matching one of the dictionary shapes with the input represented Table of the verbs is searched for the input string may involve another component of the grammar DISTRIBUTION OF OBJECTS It r ... v i d u a l verbs of of patterns is given ,n table 2, according to their number in a s e n t e n c e and to t h e i r p r e p o s l h o n a l shape The nature of the lexicon -grammar should then ... free end frozen in t e r m s of t h e d i s t r i b u t i o n s sentences can be of n o u n s : - in a frozen nominal posibon, a change of noun either changes meaning of t h e e x p r e s s i o...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 18:20

... review that sentence-level grammar is contingent upon the notion of levels of text grammar (‘above the level of the sentence’) and of word grammar (‘below the level of the sentence’) Nevertheless, ... learning) of formal grammar As Braddock et al (1963) note, in a review of the state of knowledge about composition for the National Council of Teachers of English (US), the merit of formal grammar ... 'Text' level grammar teaching Teaching about the cohesion* of a stretch of written composition The term ‘text grammar applies the notion of grammar to whole texts, with an assumption of semantic...

Ngày tải lên: 10/03/2014, 05:20

... with the idea of shape grammars are possible and can define classes of grammars analogous to the different classes of phrase structure grammars (Ginsberg, 1966) Where we use shape grammars exclusively ... determination of the location and scale of the shape on a canvas of given size and shape A class of paintings is defined by the double (S,M) S is a specification of a class of shapes and consists of a ... ment of V contained in u combined with an element T * of V or (C) the element of V contained in u comT M * bined with an additional element of V and an eleT ment of Vw I is a shape consisting of...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 14:20

... a high yield of the sample If a very low pressure was used, plenty of Si atoms will be flowed away and have no time to contact Fig A) Binary phase diagram of Au and Si B) A mode of VLS mechanism ... results in formation of only a few of SiNWs The reaction temperature is usually decided with the consideration of the catalyst type According to the binary phase diagram of a metal and Si, the ... and discussion 3.1 Metal-assisted growth of SiNWs A basic aspect of the VLS mechanism is the metal particle acting as a catalyst for the anisotropic growth of SiNW with a crystalline structure A...

Ngày tải lên: 16/03/2014, 15:09

... size of a grammar for the inverse homomorphic image of a language need only be polynomiaUy bigger than the size of a grammar for the language itself The proof of this claim rests on inspection of ... language P,~ really has s counting Proof This proof is really just a generalization of the proof of Theorem It uses, however, the Q subsets in a way that the proof of Theorem does not First, we drop ... The number of strings in A is less than or equal to the number of ways of selecting one of the u strings Consider the u string to the leftof the boundary which z overlaps Because of wraparound,...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 20:20

... on (some of) the theoretical assumptions upon which the achievement of such a goal can be based realistically A presentation of the technical details of the LKB implementation of the grammar fragment ... situations that must be both changes of state and changes of location The locative alternant of the verb giefien (example (2) of Section (2.1)) denotes only a simple change of location This is captured ... properties of the arguments of the verb giefien (water) in example (1) of Section (2.1) above are captured by the following semantic type: (13) CONTENT value of giefien m i t giefien-ch-ofst-rel...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 22:20

... strings of symbols, shape grammars are defined over an alphabet of shapes and generate n-dimensional shapes The definition of shape grammars follows the standard definition of phrase structure grammars ... element of VM or (C) the element of V T * contained in u combined with an additional element of V T * and an element of V M I is a shape consisting of elements of V T * and V M Elements of the ... consistent with the idea of shape grammars are possible and can define classes of grammars analogous to the different classes of phrase structure grammars [5] SHAPE GRAMMARS AND THE GENERATIVE...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 11:21

... systems of GPSG [15], LFG [2] and PATR-II [17] All of them turn out to be specializations of our domain D of descriptions Figure provides a summary of two of the most critical formal properties of ... the essence of the method without an excess of obscuring detail The present enterprise should be contrasted with studies of the generative capacity of formalisms using the techniques of formal ... E~), where E is a set of equations between elements of ([0 m] - L ' ) C As with context-free grammars, local ambiguity of a grammar means that in general there are several ways of assembling the...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 01:21

... preferred methods of payment While Feinberg's and Soman's results are free of this confound, the generality of their ®ndings is also limited, but by different factors For example, only one of these studies ... values of any of the three prizes The speci®c descriptions were: (1) One pair of 3rd row balcony tickets for Celtics-Miami game, Sunday April 19, 1PM, at the Boston Garden (2) One pair of bleacher ... auction The other pair of tickets was to a regular season baseball game, between the Red ALWAYS LEAVE HOME Sox and the Toronto Blue Jays There was also a consolation prize of a pair of banners (one...

Ngày tải lên: 29/03/2014, 03:21

... which represent states of affairs and those which not The number of termination points of a chooser often exceeds the number of choices available Table shows the English forms of the Questions being ... novel part of Nigel is the semantics of :Re grammar One of the goals identified above was to "s~ecify '~ow the grammar can be regulated effectively by the prevailing text need." Just as the grammar ... regarded as parts of the semantic theory expressed by the choosers which use the inquiry The entire collection of inquiries for a grammar ~s a definition of the semantic scope to which the grammar is...

Ngày tải lên: 31/03/2014, 17:20

... not EXPENSIVE Advertising increases cost of product so the consumers must spend more money to own products Conclusion Advertising has both good and bad points Therefore, consumers should consider ... STRENGTHS They can supply a wide range of products to their customers because customers watch television many times a day so they can easily recognize brand name of the suppliers  The customers are ... interested in the purchase of that products because she/he is their idol For example, My Tam Singer advertised for Pepsi so there are many people use Pepsi products instead of Coca cola TELEVISION...

Ngày tải lên: 02/06/2014, 15:10