operating system principles 7th edition ppt

... Chapter 2 Operating-System Structures 2.1 Operating-System Services 39 2.7 Operating-System Structure 582.2 User Operating-System Interface 41 2.8 Virtual Machines 64 2.3 System Calls 43 2.9 Operating-System ... a few otherinfluential operating systems Operating-System Environments This book uses examples of many real-world operating systems to illustratefundamental operating-system concepts However, ... What Operating Systems Do 3 1.9 Protection and Security 26 1.2 Computer-System Organization 6 1.10 Distributed Systems 28 1.3 Computer-System Architecture 12 1.11 Special-Purpose Systems 29 1.4 Operating-System

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 22:21

... Host Operating System The JVM is typically implemented on top of a host operating system (see Pigure 2.17). This setup allows the JVM to bide the implementation details of the underlying operating ... the host operating system. For example, implementations of a. JVM for the Windows family of operating systems might use the Win32 API when creating Java threads; Linux and Solaris systems might ... be mapped to the underlying operating system, instead leaving that decision to the particular implementation.of the JVM. For example, the Windows XP operating system uses the one-to-one

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 22:21

... simplest case is the single-user system Consider a single-user systemwith 128 KB of memory composed of pages 1 KB in size This system has 128frames The operating system may take 35 KB, leaving ... Replacement In certain cases, applications accessing data through the operating system'svirtual memory perform, worse than if the operating system provided nobuffering at all A typical example is a database, ... understandtheir memory use and disk use better than does an operating system that isimplementing algorithms for general-purpose use If the operating system isbuffering I/O, and the application is doing

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 22:21

... forhow to boot a specific operating system For instance, PCs and other systemscan be dual-booted Multiple operating systems can be installed, on such asystem How does the system know which one to ... containing a differenttype of file system and a different operating system The root partition, which contains the operating-system kernel and some-times other system files, is mounted at boot ... the operating system notes in its in-memory mount table structure that a file system is mounted, along with the type of the file system The details of this function depend on the operating system

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 22:21

... do it through the operating system To do I/O, a user programexecutes a system call to request that the operating system perform I/O on itsbehalf (Figure 13.11) The operating system, executing ... is no longer needed Other operating systems enforce a limit of oneopen file handle to such a device Many operating systems provide functions Trang 513.4 Kernel I/O Subsystem 515that enable processes ... protection system is generally more complex and less efficientthan are those used in current operating systems If protection interferes withthe ease of use of the system or significantly decreases system

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 22:21

... Distributed Operating Systems In this section, we describe the two general categories of network-orientedoperating systems: network operating systems and distributed operatingsystems Network operating systems ... users to access and utilize than are distributed operatingsystems, which provide more features 16.2.1 Network Operating Systems A network operating system provides an environment in which users, ... adifferent set of commands Distributed operating systems are designed toaddress this problem 16.2.2 Distributed Operating Systems In a distributed operating system, the users access remote resources

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 22:21

... UNIX system This gives a student of operating systems an opportunity to read—and modify— real operating-system source code. We also cover Windows XP in great detail This recent operatingsystem ... Linux operating system with a small real-time ker-nel, thereby providing a system that acts as both a general-purpose and a real-time system This is the approach taken by the RTLinux operatingsystem ... real-time systems, we distinguished between soft real-time systems and hard real-time systems Soft real-time systems simply give scheduling priority to critical processes A soft real-time systemensures

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 22:21

... implement particular operating-system personalities The client-server model is used for implementing a variety of operating-system services besides the environmental subsystems Security management, ... in the system. The lower 2 GB are specific to each process and are accessible by both user- and kernel-mode threads. Certain configurations of Windows XP reserve only 1 GB for operating-system ... name space. In contrast to UNIX, which roots the system name space in the file system, Windows XP uses an abstract name space and connects the file systems as devices. The object manager provides

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 22:21

... an operating system? Can busy waiting be avoidedaltogether? Explain your answer 6.4 Explain why spinlocks are not appropriate for single-processor systems yet are often used in multiprocessor systems ... gone.'" In this chapter, we describe methods that an operating system can use toprevent or deal with deadlocks Most current operating systems do not providedeadlock-prevention facilities, but ... in operating systems The basicapproaches can be combined, however, allowing us to select an optimalapproach for each class of resources in a system To ensure that deadlocks never occur, the system

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 22:21

... threecolor components), and because it is a color system with which many program-mers and end users are familiar with (it’s common to several operating systems).The BeOS defines rgb_color as a struct ... of 256 colors A pixel value in the range of 0 to 255 is used as an index into a color map This system color map isidentical for all applications That means that when two programs use thesame ... defining analpha byte, which is used to specify a transparency level for a color Trang 3RGB Color SystemAs listed above, the BeOS supports a number of color spaces The RGB colorspace is popular

Ngày tải lên: 26/01/2014, 07:20

... also provide a good platform for operating system research since many differentoperating systems may run on one physical system Trang 1812 Chapter 3 Operating-System Structures3.14 Why is a just-in-time ... modern operating systems A process is is a program in execution and is the unit of work in a modern time-sharing system Such a system consists of a collection of processes: Operating-system processes ... uniprocessorsystems 1.10 What is the main difficulty that a programmer must overcome in writing an operatingsystem for a real-time environment? con-straints of a real-time system If the system does

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 00:20

... for children and zombies now follow.The owner of a code segment is recorded here This allows the system todetermine which process owns any segment of code when swapping occurs code owners
= code ... other processes, so the con-stant devprocqueue denotes the queue of highest-priority processes System processes must be preferred by the scheduler to user processes but should be pre-empted by ... LowLevelScheduler It is defined as follows The scheduler has three queues (readyqs), one each for device, system and user process (in that order) It is worth noting that the process queues are all contained

Ngày tải lên: 23/07/2014, 23:20

... versions of Window's operating Systems hay ised preemptive scheduling The Mac OS * operating system for the M also uses preemptive scheduling, previous ns of the Macintosh ones 3 system relied on ... introduced threads to the process model O i systems that support them, it is kernel-level threads nel roce 2 eee in fact being scheduled by the operating system ae the oS a ee scheduling and thread ... Trang 1cpu scheduling is the basis o i Be aching the CPU among The operating systems By computer more Brodtictive.In oe độc nã —— system can make the concepts and present several ee ie NHAN „

Ngày tải lên: 29/04/2017, 10:18

... Prepared by Naomi Karolinski Monroe Community College  and Marianne Bradford Bryant CollegeAccounting Principles, 7th Edition Weygandt • Kieso • Kimmel Trang 24 explain the steps in the accounting cycle for a    ... Only one step is required in  determining net income or net  loss. Trang 42   OPERATING EXPENSES IN COMPUTING NET INCOME Net income is determined as follows: Operating expenses 114,000 Trang 45• Physical inventories are taken at end of period to  ... MERCHANDISE TRANSACTIONS UNDER A PERIODIC INVENTORY SYSTEM Trang 48To illustrate the recording of merchandise transactions under a periodic system, we will use the purchase/sale transactions between

Ngày tải lên: 16/01/2020, 19:37

... John Wiley & Sons, Inc. © 2005Chapter 25 Budgetary Control and Responsibility Accounting Accounting Principles, 7th Edition Weygandt • Kieso • Kimmel Prepared by Naomi Karolinski Monroe Community College ... Average Investment Center Operating Assets Return on Investment (ROI) • Operating assets  – Current assets and plant assets used in operations by the  center.  (Nonoperating assets such as idle plant assets and land held for future use are excluded) ... Controllable margin / Average operating assets Trang 51   ROI Computation decrease in operating assets $600,000 / $4,500,000 = Controllable margin / New average operating assets Trang 56   COPYRIGHT

Ngày tải lên: 16/01/2020, 19:50

... Trang 1 and Marianne Bradford Bryant CollegeAccounting Principles, 7 th Edition Weygandt • Kieso • Kimmel Trang 24  Describe the procedure for revising periodic depreciation. ... allocation of the cost of a plant asset to expense over its  useful (service) life in a rational and systematic manner. Trang 16   DEPRECIATION Trang 19   USE OF DEPRECIATION METHODS IN 600 LARGE ... activity, and 3 Declining-balance Each method is acceptable under generally accepted accounting principles Management selects the method that is appropriate in the circumstances Once a method

Ngày tải lên: 16/01/2020, 19:51

... memory All of the processes in main memory are blocked, and OS brings in Process D 35 Paging • Operating system maintains a page table for each process which contains the frame location for each page ... to the same copy of the program rather than have their own separate copy – Processes that are cooperating on some task may need to share access to the same data structure Logical Organization

Ngày tải lên: 30/01/2020, 00:31

... aspects of system behaviour • A set of criteria is needed to evaluate the scheduling policy Trang 14Short-Term Scheduling Criteria: User vs System• User-oriented – Behavior of the system as perceived ... Scheduling FunctionsTrang 9Long-Term Scheduling• Determines which programs are admitted to the system for processing – May be first-come-first-served – According to criteria such as priority, ... scheduling is to assign processes to be executed by the processor over time, – in a way that meets system objectives, such as response time, throughput, and processor efficiency Trang 4Scheduling

Ngày tải lên: 30/01/2020, 00:39

... Allocation Denial• Referred to as the banker’s algorithm • Consider a system with fixed number of resources – State of the system is the current allocation of resources to process. – Safe state ... is received). Trang 14Resource Allocation Graphs • Directed graph that depicts a state of the system of resources and processes an instance of a resource Trang 16Actual Deadlock Requires … ... conditions 1 through 4 hold and take action to recover Trang 21Deadlock Prevention Strategy • Design a system in such a way that the possibility of deadlock is excluded • Two main methods – Indirect:

Ngày tải lên: 30/01/2020, 01:28

... interleaved with other processes • These two characteristics are treated independently by the operating system Trang 3Processes and Threads• The unit of dispatching is referred to as a thread or ... process share this) Trang 9One view…• One way to view a thread is as an independent program counter operating within a process. Trang 10Threads vs processes Trang 11Threads vs processes• The thread

Ngày tải lên: 30/01/2020, 02:33