operating system principles 7th edition ebook

... Chapter 2 Operating-System Structures 2.1 Operating-System Services 39 2.7 Operating-System Structure 582.2 User Operating-System Interface 41 2.8 Virtual Machines 64 2.3 System Calls 43 2.9 Operating-System ... a few otherinfluential operating systems Operating-System Environments This book uses examples of many real-world operating systems to illustratefundamental operating-system concepts However, ... What Operating Systems Do 3 1.9 Protection and Security 26 1.2 Computer-System Organization 6 1.10 Distributed Systems 28 1.3 Computer-System Architecture 12 1.11 Special-Purpose Systems 29 1.4 Operating-System

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 22:21

... of Windows operating systems haveused preemptive scheduling The Mac OS X operating system for the Macintoshuses preemptive scheduling; previous versions of the Macintosh operatingsystem relied ... on the host operating system.For example, implementations of a JVM for the Windows family of operatingsystems might use the Win32 API when creating Java threads; Linux andSolaris systems might ... interrupt handling Operatingsystems need not necessarily be designed differently if they are to run on anSMT system; however, certain performance gains are possible if the operatingsystem is aware

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 22:21

... simplest case is the single-user system Consider a single-user systemwith 128 KB of memory composed of pages 1 KB in size This system has 128frames The operating system may take 35 KB, leaving ... Replacement In certain cases, applications accessing data through the operating system'svirtual memory perform, worse than if the operating system provided nobuffering at all A typical example is a database, ... understandtheir memory use and disk use better than does an operating system that isimplementing algorithms for general-purpose use If the operating system isbuffering I/O, and the application is doing

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 22:21

... forhow to boot a specific operating system For instance, PCs and other systemscan be dual-booted Multiple operating systems can be installed, on such asystem How does the system know which one to ... containing a differenttype of file system and a different operating system The root partition, which contains the operating-system kernel and some-times other system files, is mounted at boot ... the operating system notes in its in-memory mount table structure that a file system is mounted, along with the type of the file system The details of this function depend on the operating system

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 22:21

... do it through the operating system To do I/O, a user programexecutes a system call to request that the operating system perform I/O on itsbehalf (Figure 13.11) The operating system, executing ... is no longer needed Other operating systems enforce a limit of oneopen file handle to such a device Many operating systems provide functions Trang 513.4 Kernel I/O Subsystem 515that enable processes ... protection system is generally more complex and less efficientthan are those used in current operating systems If protection interferes withthe ease of use of the system or significantly decreases system

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 22:21

... Distributed Operating Systems In this section, we describe the two general categories of network-orientedoperating systems: network operating systems and distributed operatingsystems Network operating systems ... users to access and utilize than are distributed operatingsystems, which provide more features 16.2.1 Network Operating Systems A network operating system provides an environment in which users, ... adifferent set of commands Distributed operating systems are designed toaddress this problem 16.2.2 Distributed Operating Systems In a distributed operating system, the users access remote resources

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 22:21

... UNIX system This gives a student of operating systems an opportunity to read—and modify— real operating-system source code. We also cover Windows XP in great detail This recent operatingsystem ... Linux operating system with a small real-time ker-nel, thereby providing a system that acts as both a general-purpose and a real-time system This is the approach taken by the RTLinux operatingsystem ... real-time systems, we distinguished between soft real-time systems and hard real-time systems Soft real-time systems simply give scheduling priority to critical processes A soft real-time systemensures

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 22:21

... model The mental subsystems are servers that implement particular operating-systempersonalities The client-server model is used for implementing a variety environ-of operating-system services besides ... as the Common Internet File System (CIF5) and is supported on a number of operating systems 22.6.2.2 Network Basic Input/Output System The network basic input/output system (NetBIOS) is a hardware-abstraction ... root directory of the system device NTLDR is used to determine which boot device contains the operating system Next, the NTLDR loads in the HAL library, the kernel, and the system hive from the

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 22:21

... an operating system? Can busy waiting be avoidedaltogether? Explain your answer 6.4 Explain why spinlocks are not appropriate for single-processor systems yet are often used in multiprocessor systems ... gone.'" In this chapter, we describe methods that an operating system can use toprevent or deal with deadlocks Most current operating systems do not providedeadlock-prevention facilities, but ... in operating systems The basicapproaches can be combined, however, allowing us to select an optimalapproach for each class of resources in a system To ensure that deadlocks never occur, the system

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 22:21

... versions of Window's operating Systems hay ised preemptive scheduling The Mac OS * operating system for the M also uses preemptive scheduling, previous ns of the Macintosh ones 3 system relied on ... introduced threads to the process model O i systems that support them, it is kernel-level threads nel roce 2 eee in fact being scheduled by the operating system ae the oS a ee scheduling and thread ... Trang 1cpu scheduling is the basis o i Be aching the CPU among The operating systems By computer more Brodtictive.In oe độc nã —— system can make the concepts and present several ee ie NHAN „

Ngày tải lên: 29/04/2017, 10:18

... Prepared by Naomi Karolinski Monroe Community College  and Marianne Bradford Bryant CollegeAccounting Principles, 7th Edition Weygandt • Kieso • Kimmel Trang 24 explain the steps in the accounting cycle for a    ... Only one step is required in  determining net income or net  loss. Trang 42   OPERATING EXPENSES IN COMPUTING NET INCOME Net income is determined as follows: Operating expenses 114,000 Trang 45• Physical inventories are taken at end of period to  ... MERCHANDISE TRANSACTIONS UNDER A PERIODIC INVENTORY SYSTEM Trang 48To illustrate the recording of merchandise transactions under a periodic system, we will use the purchase/sale transactions between

Ngày tải lên: 16/01/2020, 19:37

... John Wiley & Sons, Inc. © 2005Chapter 25 Budgetary Control and Responsibility Accounting Accounting Principles, 7th Edition Weygandt • Kieso • Kimmel Prepared by Naomi Karolinski Monroe Community College ... Average Investment Center Operating Assets Return on Investment (ROI) • Operating assets  – Current assets and plant assets used in operations by the  center.  (Nonoperating assets such as idle plant assets and land held for future use are excluded) ... Controllable margin / Average operating assets Trang 51   ROI Computation decrease in operating assets $600,000 / $4,500,000 = Controllable margin / New average operating assets Trang 56   COPYRIGHT

Ngày tải lên: 16/01/2020, 19:50

... Trang 1 and Marianne Bradford Bryant CollegeAccounting Principles, 7 th Edition Weygandt • Kieso • Kimmel Trang 24  Describe the procedure for revising periodic depreciation. ... allocation of the cost of a plant asset to expense over its  useful (service) life in a rational and systematic manner. Trang 16   DEPRECIATION Trang 19   USE OF DEPRECIATION METHODS IN 600 LARGE ... activity, and 3 Declining-balance Each method is acceptable under generally accepted accounting principles Management selects the method that is appropriate in the circumstances Once a method

Ngày tải lên: 16/01/2020, 19:51

... The number of active processes is limited by the system – i.e., limited by the pre-determined number of partitions • Partition sizes are preset at system generation time, small jobs will not use ... exactly as much memory as required Trang 21• Can resolve using Trang 22Dynamic Partitioning• Operating system must decide which free block to allocate to a process • Best-fit algorithm – Chooses ... equal buddies – Process continues until the smallest block greater Trang 27Buddy SystemExample Trang 28Buddy System Tree Representation A binary tree representation of the buddy allocation immediately

Ngày tải lên: 30/01/2020, 00:31

... aspects of system behaviour • A set of criteria is needed to evaluate the scheduling policy Trang 14Short-Term Scheduling Criteria: User vs System• User-oriented – Behavior of the system as perceived ... Scheduling FunctionsTrang 9Long-Term Scheduling• Determines which programs are admitted to the system for processing – May be first-come-first-served – According to criteria such as priority, ... scheduling is to assign processes to be executed by the processor over time, – in a way that meets system objectives, such as response time, throughput, and processor efficiency Trang 4Scheduling

Ngày tải lên: 30/01/2020, 00:39

... Allocation Denial• Referred to as the banker’s algorithm • Consider a system with fixed number of resources – State of the system is the current allocation of resources to process. – Safe state ... is received). Trang 14Resource Allocation Graphs • Directed graph that depicts a state of the system of resources and processes an instance of a resource Trang 16Actual Deadlock Requires … ... conditions 1 through 4 hold and take action to recover Trang 21Deadlock Prevention Strategy • Design a system in such a way that the possibility of deadlock is excluded • Two main methods – Indirect:

Ngày tải lên: 30/01/2020, 01:28

... interleaved with other processes • These two characteristics are treated independently by the operating system Trang 3Processes and Threads• The unit of dispatching is referred to as a thread or ... process share this) Trang 9One view…• One way to view a thread is as an independent program counter operating within a process. Trang 10Threads vs processes Trang 11Threads vs processes• The thread

Ngày tải lên: 30/01/2020, 02:33

... Trang 1Chapter 1 and 2 Computer System and Operating System Overview – The Evolution of Operating Systems – OS Objectives and Functions Trang 2Evolution of Operating Systems• It may be easier to ... requirements of an OS by considering the evolution of Operating Systems • Stages include – Serial Processing – Simple Batch Systems – Multiprogrammed Batch Systems Trang 3Serial Processing (late 1940s ... Resource ManagerTrang 20– The Evolution of Operating Systems – OS Objectives and Functions Trang 22Example of Program ExecutionTrang 23– The Evolution of Operating Systems – OS Objectives and Functions

Ngày tải lên: 30/01/2020, 02:42

... critical and – data are rarely processed exhaustively – examples: airline reservation systems and inventory control systems Trang 21Directory Elements• Basic Information – File name: must be unique ... PictureHow to identify and locate a selected file? How to enforce user access control in shared systems? How to organize records as a sequence of blocks for I/O? individual block I/O requests ... the working directory unless an explicit full pathname is used Trang 28File Sharing• In multiuser system, there is almost always a requirement for allowing files to be shared among a number of

Ngày tải lên: 30/01/2020, 05:07

... Trang 1Chapter 11 I/O Management and Disk Scheduling– Operating System Design Issues – I/O Buffering – Disk Scheduling – Disk Cache Trang 2• Solution: use ... 14Single Buffer• OS assigns a buffer in the system portion of main memory for an I/O request Trang 15Block Oriented Single Buffer• Input transfers are made to system buffer • Block moved to user space ... I/O operation is taking place in system memory Trang 17Block Oriented Single Buffer•  Complicate the logic in OS – OS must keep track of the assignment of system buffers to user processes •

Ngày tải lên: 30/01/2020, 05:13