n fakotakis and g kokkinakis

... emerging technolo- gies and markets Info Franchise www.infonews.com Provides information franchisers, and being a franchisee. Franchise Law Internet Resources CCH Business Franchise Guide Trang ... & yellow pages, maps, and city guides pro-vides a link for necting people, companies, and in- dustries and offers unique blend of com- Trang 21con-mentary, financial analysis, and accessto the ... manufacturing community and is active on all issues concerning manufacturing, including legal system reform, regulatory restraint, and tax reform. National Association for the Self-Employed (NASE)

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 18:20

... is the unknown variable and g : X ⊂ H1 → g(X) a known nonlinear map-ping Usually,g(u) has the form whereh is a known element of H1depending on the initial conditions and the nonho-mogeneous term ... equationu = g(u) and obtain information for the initial nonlinear difference equation under consideration 3.1 The Putnam equation Consider the nonlinear, homogeneous, ordinary difference equation f ... concerning a nonlinear ordinary difference equation known as the Putnam equation, and a linear par-tial difference equation of three variables describing the discrete Newton law of cooling in three

Ngày tải lên: 23/06/2014, 00:20

... isuncertain, incomplete, imprecise, or vague, has been attracting increasing attention inrecent years In addition, nowadays, there is an increasing recognition that for under-standing vagueness, ... equations and their applications, see [1,2,7, 8,11] The problem of identifying, modeling, and solving a nonlinear difference equationconcerning a real-world phenomenon from experimental input-output ... http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/S1687183904311015 Trang 2concerning the corresponding family of systems of ordinary difference equations of (1.1)have been proved in [16] and others are given in this paper.2

Ngày tải lên: 23/06/2014, 00:20

... Trang 6Case 1 xN+1 ≤ xN −1 Then1> xN+2 = xN+xN −1 xN+1+xN −1 ≥ xN+xN −1 2xN −1 > c2+c/(2c c/(2c − −1)1)= c. (3.27) Case 2 xN+1 > xN −1,xN ≤ xN −2 In view of (3.2), we have Case 3 xN+1 ... Thus by induction we have Now let I =lim infxn n →∞ , S =lim supxn Thenγ ≤ I ≤ S ≤1 and there exist two solutions{ In } ∞ n =−∞ and{ Sn } ∞ n =−∞of (1.1) such thatI0= I, S0= S, and In,Sn ∈[I,S] ... an integerN ≥ −2 such that The case where the solution is eventually greater than or equal to ¯x =1 is similar and will be omitted Using (3.1), we have xn+1 > xn, n = N −2,N −1, , (3.4) and

Ngày tải lên: 23/06/2014, 00:20

... applications in automatic control (see [2,11,17,18] and the references cited therein) Nowadays, a modern and promising approach for engineering, social, and environ-mental problems with imprecise, uncertain ... parametric ordinary difference equations and then, using these results and the fuzzy analog of some concepts known by the theory of ordinary difference equations, we prove our main effects concerning the ... we find conditions so that the corresponding fuzzy equations (1.1) and (1.2) have unbounded solutions, something that does not happen in case of the ordinary difference equations (1.1) and (1.2)

Ngày tải lên: 23/06/2014, 00:20

... Schmidt andSidebottom [1], Ugural and Fenster [2] or Cook and Young [3] Many MEMS components and devices are built as thin structures, andtherefore the corresponding stresses and strains are defined ... strain By combining Eqs (1.25), (1.26) and (1.27), the following equations are obtained, which are known as Lamé’s equations: Equations (1.28) contain as unknowns only the three displacements and ... assimplifying assumptions in modeling, are addressed comprehensively Thechapter concludes with aspects regarding scaling laws that apply to MEMSand their impact on modeling and design This book is mainly

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:20

... U-spring configuration # 1, and by onlytaking bending of the three segments into account, the in-plane compliances of the constant cross-section design are: Trang 11By arranging these compliances ... applyingthe loads and and by calculating the corresponding tipdisplacements and through Castigliano’s displacement theorem.The strain energy collects contributions from bending and axial loading onthe ... three segments contribute to the total strain energy ofthe spring The in-plane compliances are calculated by applying the loadsand as shown in Fig 3.12, and by calculating the correspondingdisplacements

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:20

... leg as: Trang 2and for the given moment of inertia and Young’s modulus, the stiffnessdepends on and c, as shown in Fig 3.38 The stiffness decreases withand c increasing For the values of and ... case can be found afterdetermining the reactions and When taking into account that the y-displacement and z-rotation at point 1 are zero, the unknown reactions can bewritten in terms of in the ... R, a centerangle and a constant rectangular cross-section Figure 3.41 Curved spring with defining planar geometry This stiffness can be determined by utilizing the compliance formulation thathas

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:20

... determining the basic relationship betweenthe capacitance change and the gap change, which is fundamental to bothactuation and sensing, means solving an integral-differential equation andthis can only ... (4.19), and by considering that: the tangential force becomes: Equation (4.44) shows that the generated force is constant for a given voltage U and defining geometry, and is independent on the ... calculated as: By analyzing Eqs (4.27) and (4.28), it is evident that a change in distancetranslates in a change in capacitance, on one hand, and, on the other hand,this relationship is not linear because

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:20

... simpleforce generation mechanism can be used in actuation Figure 4.50 Force and stroke potentially gained through SMA transformation in the Trang 11and the underlying mechanism can be utilized in micro-scale ... magnetization The dimensional change under the action of an externalmagnetic field in piezomagnetic materials is produced through alignment ofthe material magnetic domains in accordance to the external ... efficiency The mechanical energy is: and the electrical energy simplifies to: By substituting Eqs (4.116), (4,117) and (4.118) into the definition equation and it can be shown by analyzing the

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:20

... modeling thecombined effects of actuation, sensing and elastic suspension The number ofmicrodevices that can be custom-built by integrating spring designs such asthose presented in Chapters 2 and ... ofcross-sectional area A and Young’s modulus E The piece is magnetizedabout its height direction by means of a magnetic field H Also determine thecoupling coefficient Known are the magnetic charge constant ... located underneath the free Trang 3end at a distance h Known are the cross-sectional dimensions w and t, andthe magnetization m of the magnet.Answer: Problem 4.12 A thin sheet is constructed

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:20

... is R and the corresponding centerangle (not indicated in Fig 5.38) is The lengths of the two adjoining rigidlinks are and respectively The input stiffness, output stiffness anddisplacement amplification ... particularpoint By combining now Eqs (5.91) and (5.92), results in the followingequation giving the input stiffness: It should be mentioned that Eq (5.93) is generic in the sense that it canaccommodate any ... shown in Fig 36 (b) results from Trang 14combining two springs in parallel, each having the stiffness and itsstiffness is the sum of these two intermediate stiffnesses, namely:Figure 5.36 Spring-based

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:20

... Fig 5.55 is taken as the paradigmexample, and will also be utilized here Figure 5.55 Pinned-pinned column in buckling. The pinned-pinned column is originally straight and its length is 1 Figure5.55 ... producing buckling. One method of solving this problem is formulating and solving thedifferential equation of a column subjected to axial compressive load Mostoften, the pinned-pinned configuration ... sought maximum postbuckling deflection 8 COMPOUND STRESSES AND YIELDING 8.1 Introduction Often times‚ normal and tangential stresses are produced concomitantly in deformable MEMS components In

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:20

... sketched in Figs 6.8 (c) and 6.8 (d) Figure 6.7 Main fabrication techniques in bulk micromachining Trang 6Figure 6.8 Bulk micromachining of a microcantilever: (a) deposition and patterning of amask; ... mentioned by Madou [1].The LIGA acronym comes from the German words Lithographie,Galvanoformung, Abformung meaning lithography, electroplating andmolding Therefore, LIGA is a mixed process consisting ... etching of the side channels; (c) undercutting and partial freeing of the microcantilever; d) top view of the microcantileverAlthough materials such as quartz, germanium and compounds ofgallium and

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:20

... measured in length units can only be equal to anotherquantity that is also being measured in length units The magnitude ratio of two similar quantities is independent of themeasurement units when the ... Because of the linear relationships between forceand deflection, on one hand, and moment and slope (rotation angle), on theother hand, which are: the force will also scale to as does, and scales to ... the generatingforce and the corresponding stiffness and it scales as: Trang 9Similarly, a rotary displacement which is produced by a moment is the ratiobetween the moment and the corresponding

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 05:20

... and TM-1, and one hybridizing band in G herbaceum and G raimondii (Figure not shown), which indicated that Exp1 had two copies in both TM-1 and Hai7124 Combining sequence and southern blot analysis, ... Based on the alignments between the genomic DNA and the cDNA sequences in orthologs, twelve genes (70.59%) shared the same intron/exon structures in different genomes, and varia-tions in length ... moelab@njau.edu.cn National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics & Germplasm Enhancement, Cotton Research Institute, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China © 2011 Zhu et al; licensee

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 11:21

... provides key evidence indicating functional interaction between Gag residues 205 in CA NTD and 340 in CA CTD The Gag is a promising candidate as a vaccine immunogen for CTL induction, because cumulative ... structures near positions 205, 312, and 340 of wild-type and mutant SIVmac239 CAs. Trang 6presenting a structural constraint for functional interac-tion between SIV CA NTD and CTD HIV and SIV Gag proteins ... incorporating the GagD205E substitution suggested shortening of the distance between Gag205 and Gag340 residues, which looked to be compensated by GagV340M substitution (Figure 4) The modeling

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 01:20

... trong trường hợp này khi bên chuyển nhượng không giao đất, giao không đúng hiện trạng đất ghi trong hợp đồng cho bên được chuyển nhượng, ngược lại khi bên chuyển nhượng đã giao đất nhưng bên nhận ... trường Đại học Cần Thơ, những người đã trực tiếp giảng dạy những kiến thức cũng truyền đạt những kinh nghiệm cho người viết; Bạn bè của người viết- những người luôn giúp đỡ người viết về tinh ... triền sông lớn, những vùng có địa giới không rõ ràng, không có mốc giới nhưng là vị trí quan trọng, ở những nơi có nguồn lâm, thổ sản quý Cùng với việc chia tách các đơn vị hành chính tỉnh,

Ngày tải lên: 01/10/2015, 18:54

... tiếp giảng dạy những kiến thức cũng truyền đạt những kinh nghiệm cho người viết; Bạn bè của người viết- những người luôn giúp đỡ người viết về tinh thần, và những khó khăn trong cuộc sống; ... nhượng Tranh chấp xảy ra trong trường hợp này khi bên chuyển nhượng không giao đất, giao không đúng hiện trạng đất ghi trong hợp đồng cho bên được chuyển nhượng, ngược lại khi bên ... biệt người viết xin gửi lời cám ơn sâu sắc nhất đến Thầy Trương Thanh Hùng- người đã tận tình giúp đỡ, hướng dẫn người viết trong quá trình hoàn thành luận văn tốt nghiệp này Cuối cùng, người

Ngày tải lên: 01/10/2015, 22:39

... water when using plugged-in appliances Never touch power lines with anything, including kite stringand ladders Always respect warning signs and labels Trang 38Electric Circuits • In an electric ... between your hand and the door Describe how the spark was formed. Grounding Lightning is an electric discharge thatcan cause damage and injury because alightning bolt releases an extremely largeamount ... information can bestored? 75 Trang 142 ◆ N Electricity and MagnetismElectricity and Magnetism T he brilliant flash of lightning during a thunder-storm might not be new to you But did you knowthat

Ngày tải lên: 01/07/2017, 10:07