institute of environmental sciences and engineering

... of the causes and effects of acidic deposition and a comparison of the costs and effectiveness of alternative emission control scenarios Since adverse effects of acid rain on fish have been of ... regions of the United States, 4 percent of the lakes and 8 percent of the streams are chronically acidic Florida has the highest per-centage of acidic surface waters (23 percent of the lakes and ... varied, and thus the methods and the chemical parameters being mea-sured have varied greatly The surge of interest in the 1980s in the acidity levels of rain and snow was strongly stimulated by Scandinavian

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 20:20

... The first term on the right-hand side represents the rate of formation of particles of volume v due to coagulation, and the second term that rate of loss of particles of volume v by coagulation ... where Dp and s are, respectively, the mean and standard devi-ation of the distribution The mean diameter D pis defined by d and the standard deviation, indicating the dispersion of the distribution, ... respectively, which are the functions of u, l, D p and m The index of refraction m of a particle is given by the inverse of the ratio of the propagation speed of light in a vacuum k 0 to that

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 20:20

... engines and tailpipes; gasoline stations; the use of solvents, paints, and lacquers; and a variety of industrial operations Thus, the control of ozone is complicated by the variety of sources and ... PO  (HbCO) and (HbO2) are the concentrations of carboxyhemo-globin and oxyhemocarboxyhemo-globin, and PCO and PO2 are the partial pressures of carbon monoxide and oxygen Inspiration of air containing ... intensity of the activities producing the emissions, the effectiveness of the controls, and the quality of the surveillance instituted to ensure the continued proper use and maintenance of the con-trols

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 20:20

... involve-ment of scientists from many disciplines: physics, chemistry and mechanical engineering, meteorology, economics, and politics The amount of control necessary depends on the results of medical and ... later, and requires a fairly sophisticated handling of meteorological data The same models then also help in planning future growth of housing and industry Of course, not all problems of air ... importance of heat convection and mechan-ical turbulence is often characterized by the Richardson number, Ri Actually, – Ri is a measure of the relative rate of production of convective and mechanical

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 20:20

... devel-opment of community living, as well as with the growth of affluence and living standards in industrial societies These activities include the burning of fuel for heat and power, the processing of ... pollutants) and natural components of the atmosphere Some of these reactions require the ence of sunlight and are called photo-chemical reactions An example of such a reaction is the formation of ozone ... standard has been established In the selection of these standards, certain criteria are lished using observed levels of air pollution and the associated impacts on human health, vegetation and

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 20:20

... effects on stratospheric ozone, the sources and fates of toxic chemicals in the atmosphere, and urban and regional haze issues and the presence and effects of fine particulate matter in the atmosphere ... reaction mecha-nism Because of the large number of important reactions that take place in the atmosphere, the rapid rates of many of them, and the low concentrations of most of the reactants, the experimental ... (VOCs) due to photolysis and reaction with OH and NO 3 radicals and ozone (Seinfeld and Pandis, 1998) All of the processes identified in the table lead to the formation of organic peroxy radicals

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 20:20

... of tox-ic organtox-ics is the development of genettox-ically engineered microorganisms Knowledge of the physiology and biochem-istry of microorganisms and development of appropriate process engineering ... description of the process and the deriving reactor engineering equations and strategies for treatment of conventional and toxic pollutants are essential for proper design and operation of biological ... primarily of bacteria, protozoa, and fungi, coats the surface of filter media The activity in biological film is aerobic, with move-ment of oxygen, food and end-products in and out of it as shown

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 20:20

... comfort, and efficiency of residents Cities and towns are judged on the numbers and quality of existing rec-reation opportunities, schools and colleges, and transporta-tion routes, and fiscal services ... numbers of crimes solved and the convictions that result Social health indices would include the numbers of persons on public welfare or assistance, and the numbers and rates of out-of-wedlock ... funding for basic and advanced research in health sciences, and insur-ance reimbursements and private bequests or donations of money to enable the expansion of existing facilities and structures

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 20:20

... described as one “of brooks of water, of fountains, and depths that spring out of valleys and hills,” for water is a precious source of development and civ-ilization, because water and civilization ... the hour of the day, the day of the year, and the clarity of the atmosphere for a given location, as well as of the latitude of the earth at the point of observation These limitations of the solar ... water, and even seawater has not had our proper attention, respect and treatment Due to the increase of population, especially in certain regions, and the increase of living standards, water demand

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 20:20

... sterilization of surgical catgut (although this method is now little used) and is nowadays used for the disinfection of drinking and swimming pool water, the disin-fection of instruments and of clinical ... cultures of different identity, whether obtained different species, or consisting of spores and vegetative cells of the same species, can be shown to yield this type of response The first part of the ... The testing of disinfectants is a topic with a long history of controversy Differing opinions on the merits and relevance of various methods are legion, and have been the cause of many heated

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 20:20

... saprotrophs—bacteria and fungi of decay The metabolism of the system runs on sun energy, while the rate of metabolism and relative stability of the pond depend on the rate of inflow of materials from rain and ... groups of organisms Thus ecology is a basic division of biology and, as such, as also an integral part of any and all of the taxonomic divisions Both approaches are profitable It is often very ... have definite knowledge of his environment, i.e., of the forces of nature and of the plants and animals around him Civilization, in fact, began when man learned to use fire and other tools to modify

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 20:20

... thousand in rural areas and 52 per one hundred thousand in urban areas Similar data were gath-ered in Great Britain and the added effect of smoking was evaluated The conclusion of significance of ... propyl, octyl and dodecyl gallates, and tocopherols Antioxidant effect of a substance can often be increased by addition of a second material, producing a synergistic reac-tion and allowing more ... cigarette use abroad Cancer of the oral cavity in Asia is linked with chewing of tobacco leaves and betel nuts High incidence of gastric cancer in Chile, Iceland, and Japan has been associated

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 20:20

... including uneven distribution of the gas and dust as they enter the precipitator, uneven build up of ash on the wires and plates, mechanical misalignment of the wires or plates and the fact that the ... siding (and to provide a roof) for the fol-lowing reasons: 1) To eliminate the need to weatherproof the flue and equipment insulaton 2) To eliminate wind loading on the large exposed surfaces of ... assembly) were 7 /8 in diameter, and were made of M-50 steel as were the top and bottom assembly plates The ball bearing retainer was made of stainless steel The reaction of the G4 girder at Column

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 20:20

... control of, aquatic and terrestrial plants, and vectors; federal, state, and local programs; and effects of water, recreation, housing, and other land resource development n) Natural and manmade ... direct line of drainage from sources of pollution Concrete Mix one bag of cement, 2 cu ft of sand, and 3 cu ft of gravel Then add 5 gal of water, for moist sand, and mix again Water Treatment ... develop-ment and redevelopdevelop-ment f) Land use, present and future; spread of blight and obsolescence; inefficient and desirable land uses g) Drainage, water pollution control, and flood control

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 20:20

... method” of standardization, using a standard population to which the rates for various coun-tries are applied The “indirect method” of standardization makes use of a standardized set of mortality ... races and all gender death rates for Parkinson’s disease and cancer of bronchus and lung unspecified for 1979–1998 using 1970 and 2000 standardized populations Parkinson’s Disease Standard ... appropriateness and effi ciency of ment methods summarize the result of practice and observa-tion Many of the developments of modern medicine, both in methods of diagnosis and treatment, depend upon

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 20:20

... developed in the operation of this process include membrane clogging and precipitation of low-solubility salts of the membrane Acidifi cation of the water and removal of some of the solids prior to ... separated and removed This process offers a 30 to 50% removal of nitrogen and about a 20 to 40% removal of phosphorus without the spe-cial addition of carbohydrates Reverse Osmosis The process of ... concentration and organic nitrogen concentration amounted to 0.130 and 0.074 ppm, respectively 5) Agricultural Runoff—Agricultural runoff is one of the largest sources of enrichment material and may

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 20:20

... current plant facility is of 30,000 BPSD capacity with above mentioned feed Comparison of UOP and G O-Finer costs show that both are of the same order of magnitude and differ markedly only in ... feed and the forma-tion of tar-like coke deposits on the catalyst tended to cause a gradual build-up of pressure drop over they catalyst bed and 3) because of the relatively rapid deactivation of ... pro-cessing standards The capital investment for large reactors which operate at high pressures and high temperatures, the consumption of hydrogen during the processing and the use of large volumes of catalyst

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 20:20

... the extent and optical depth of call clouds, and especially of low clouds in middle and high latitudes, which reflect more of the solar radiation to space and therefore reduce the GHW of the atmosphere ... detrainment of air and the evaporation of precipitation Precipitation is calculated in terms of the water and ice content of the cloud; cooling of the atmosphere by evaporation of precipitation ... biological processes involved, and hence of the mag-nitude and timing of enhanced greenhouse warming await further research Nevertheless, very large and complex computer models of the climate system

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 20:20

... agricultural and forested lands The paving of large areas and the infl u-ence of buildings has a marked effect in increasing run-off rates and volumes, so that sewer systems must be designed to handle ... the various tributaries The question of land use and its infl uences on run-off occupies a central position in the understanding of hydrolog-ical processes Land use has been studied for its infl ... THE PURPOSES OF HYDROLOGICAL STUDIES Hydrology is concerned with all phases of the transport of water between the atmosphere, the land surface and sub-surface, and the oceans, and the historical

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 20:20

... corrosion capabilities of alkalies and acids, solubility of acetone, explosive properties of perchloric acid, health haz-ards of bacteriological aerosols, and poisonous properties of nickel carbonyl ... directly and as close to the point of origin for safety of laboratory personnel and protection of property To achieve this end, the accepted methods used for containment and removal of contaminants ... Correct selection of the type of makeup air system can be made only by an engineer-ing analysis and fl ow sheet of the hood exhaust system One of the most important characteristics of an exhaust

Ngày tải lên: 10/08/2014, 20:20