fundamentals and applications in electronics and energy

... global and diffuse illuminances in 1-minute intervals are in Fig 19 with the G v/E vD v/E v analysis in Fig 20 in 1-minute and in Fig 21 in hourly alternatives All four cases document the low and ... again in Fig 10 In early morning hours under cloudy conditions G v/E v and D v/E v are almost the same as is not so noticeable from the winter course of illuminances, but evident in Fig 11 in ... Fig 11 in 1-minute or in Fig 12 in the hourly alternative compared with Fig 13 and 14 In this cloudy case the G v/E v and D v/E vvalues is very high reaching 0.25 to 0.6 level indicating a very...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 08:20

... the main drivers in the increase of energy demand as a result of their economic and population growth Trang 15EU Energy Policies and Sustainable Growth 5 Fig 1 Gross Inland Consumption in 2007 ... projection period and the dirtiest fuel, i.e coal, is expanding its share to face the raising in energy consumption mainly driven by developing countries, such as China and India Actually, non-OECD ... 1SUSTAINABLE GROWTH AND APPLICATIONS IN RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES Edited by Majid Nayeripour and Mostafa Kheshti   Trang 2              Sustainable Growth and Applications in Renewable Energy...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 08:20

... support schemes as the quota obligation system and in tariff Concerning wind energy, in 2002 the Italian government abandoned the feed-in-tariff, introducing the quota obligation system with tradable ... of EU GDP in 2020) The lower costs are due to several factors, including the reduction of world energy consumption due to economic and financial crisis and the rising in oil prices In the future, ... already implanted in the US quite successfully, and it has been introduced in Europe in 2003 in order to find market solutions to encourage firms cutting GHG emissions The Cap and Trade system...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 08:20

... community and society as a whole The phenomenon in principle is nothing new and appears already in ancient myth and religions, since it concerns the basis of life, i.e the usage of resources in general ... opportunities and tool set to examine the challenge of introducing a Sustained Renewability approach into practice (as e.g in the renewable energy or grid IT sectors) as well as its principle day-to-day ... continuously regenerating and realizing its networks of existence, and ii) the constitution of the system as a unity in space in which the component exist by specifying the topological domain...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 08:20

... idea of meeting energy needs by increasing efficiency instead of increasing energy production (Krech, 2004) Lovins viewed the energy problem not one of an insufficient supply of oil and other conventional ... social and economic well being and is indispensable to most industrial and commercial wealth organization It is the key for relieving poverty, improving human welfare and raising living standards ... environmental and human health impacts from energy production and use 7 Increase employment through interactions e.g in industry, housing, transport 3 Renewable energy and sustainable development...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 08:20

... lignite had begun increasing in time and the share of the hard coal decreased to 1% until beginning of 1988 and the share of renewable energy resources and lignite increased to 42% and 38% respectively ... lignite was being produced in many locations in Turkey, especially in Soma -Kütahya (Yılmaz, 2008) Hard coal is used intensively in industry and heating and especially in electricity production ... energy sources in Turkey are biomass energy and hydraulic energy While geothermal is the third source in the listing, its use is very limited Use of solar energy is at an emblematic level and...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 08:20

... (directly incorporated into the wind turbine) and energy storage The home system components are as follows:  Generation It consists of a wind turbine that converts the kinetic energy of wind into ... Moreover, gaining the confidence and trust of the beneficiaries and overcoming some internal conflicts in the communities also require dedication and perseverance The education and training according ... aimed to train the users in the maintenance of wind power systems and organizational management techniques for the sustainability of the systems A key point is the emphasis on training and awareness...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 08:20

... Literature about energy requirements for heating and cooling has largely focused on new building standards Government interventions in heating and cooling have mainly consisted of establishing construction ... Menkveld, M and Beurskens, L 2009 Renewable heating and cooling in the Netherlands Energy Research Centre of the Netherlands 122 Sustainable Growth and Applications in Renewable Energy Sources ... system (mandatory quotas) Different form Czech Republic, the Poland government maintains the tax exemption introduced in 1993 Incentives also remain valid in the United Kingdom where a duty incentive...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 08:20

... determined for any station location, date and clock time after: sin  s  sin  sin... 15 Activation model : non-linear capacitance and conductance (33) 142 Sustainable Growth and Applications ... reflection 1 48 Sustainable Growth and Applications in Renewable Energy Sources A clock controling system starting every minute count has to be recorded too either in local clock ... Applications in Renewable Energy Sources 5 Overvoltage model and experimental validation By combining models obtained (diffusion phenomena/Storage, activation and input cell) and experimental...

Ngày tải lên: 19/06/2014, 08:20

... -terminations Information regarding the nature of the terminating plane is contained within the CTRs However, the distinction between AO- and BO2 -terminated surfaces can be minute unless the incident ... structure and chemical state at interfaces and within composite materials and could play a prominent role toward understanding analyzing oxide heterostructures in the future To better understand how ... Ramanathan (ed.), Thin Film Metal-Oxides: Fundamentals and Applications in Electronics and Energy, DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-0664-9 1, c Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2010 T.T Fister and D.D Fong...

Ngày tải lên: 28/04/2014, 10:53

... of aluminum deposition in Dendrite formation and suppression applies also for charging the aluminum anode in molten salt batteries Obtaining a compact and adherent layer of aluminum during the ... Dusseldorf: Aluminium Verlag Grjotheim K and Matiasovsky K (1980) Some problems concerning aluminum electro-plating in molten-salts Acta Chemica Scandinavica Series A: Physical and Inorganic Chemistry ... Plating, refining, batteries Refining Anodizing Refining and plating AlCl3–N-(1-butyl)pyridinium chloride AlCl3–1-methyl-3-ethylimidazolium chloride AlCl3–trimethylphenylammonium chloride Refining,...

Ngày tải lên: 06/07/2014, 22:20

... transport, optical and magnetic properties appear to be quite distinct 1.2 Defects and Dopings in Semiconductors 1.2.1 Intrinsic and Extrinsic Defects in Semiconductors Defining classically, a ... Channeling random and channeling spectra for 6% Ta incorporated TiO2 on LAO substrate; (b) (Left axis) Minimum channeling yield for Ti and Ta and (Right axis) Ta substitutionality in Ti1-xTaxO2 thin ... the hole in the VB are mobile and can thus induce conductance in the semiconductors In its native state, an intrinsic semiconductor contains defects arising during the various growth and fabrication...

Ngày tải lên: 09/09/2015, 18:49

... Original papers Introduction Various kinds of optical sensor systems for tracking and displacement sensing are needed in industrial and commercial applications Typical examples include centring and ... implementations in tracking and displacement sensing applications is discussed in the following chapters 3 Sensors for tracking rangefinders The sensor subsystems for tracking rangefinders designed for industrial ... applications of such tracking rangefinders include vehicle positioning, checking the dimensional accuracy of large objects and interactive teaching of robot paths and environments using a pointing...

Ngày tải lên: 03/10/2014, 22:39

... through minimizing particle sizes, minimizing clustering and agglomerations of particles, increasing the electrochemically accessible area, facilitating electron and proton conduction, extending the ... integrate a multifunctional three-dimensional nanoarchitecture for energy storage Chapter 1 Introduction    devices, enabling the small areal footprint and accompanying improvement in power and ... electrode in M Na2SO3 at different cycles (c) and the corresponding areal capacitance retention against cycle numbers 128 ix    List of Abbreviations AAO anodic aluminum oxide BE binding energy...

Ngày tải lên: 10/09/2015, 09:27

... modes in strained and relaxed Si1−xGex alloys The solid and dot lines are fitting curves for strained and relaxed alloys The scattering dots are experimental results of two sets of strained and ... the in- plane carrier effective mass and a reduction of intervalley scattering The presence of strain resulted in the lifting of the degeneracy of the bands of interest (i.e the valence band in ... Band offset of (a) strained SiGe layer on unstrained Si substrate and (b) strained Si layer on unstrained SiGe virtual substrate 17 Fig 2.4 Energy band structure of a 2DEG in a tensile strained...

Ngày tải lên: 17/09/2015, 17:18

... coordinates for predicting sea level, currents in estuarine and shelf water (Muin and Spaulding 1996) Ye and McCorquodale (1997) developed a depth-averaged model in a non-orthogonal curvilinear system ... the advantage of reduction in computational cost while maintaining the accuracy when applied to flow in a channel with linear or almost linear bottom/bed But indeed, in many cases, water flows ... concept of simple Rankine vortex that including two parts: free vortex in outer zone and forced vortex in inner zone (Townson 1991)………………………………………33 Figure 4.5 Definition of coordinate components……………………………….36...

Ngày tải lên: 06/11/2012, 10:35

... using correct English we should In the limited time and scope, we have introduced some features of English morpheme system as well as its importance in learning English in general and spelling, ... supermarket Space and time relationship • Second, some morphemes in the language can increase or decrease the intensity of verbs, adjectives… E.g.: The reduplication increasing intensity: • • • ... mẽ: strong → powerful rực → rực rỡ: flaring → blazing The reduplication decreasing intensity: • • • • • nhẹ → nhè nhẹ: soft → mild (less) xinh → xinh xinh: pretty → cute đỏ → đo đỏ: red → reddish...

Ngày tải lên: 08/04/2013, 09:31

... area, and stoichiometric flow ratio The inlet velocities of air and fuel are calculated according to [22]: u in ,c = ζ c I RTin ,c AMEA xO2 ,in Pc Ach 4F (39) u in ,a = ζ a I RTin ,a AMEA x H ,in ... oxygen in ambient air results in ISSN 2076-2895 (Print), ISSN 2076-2909 (Online) ©2013 International Energy & Environment Foundation All rights reserved 14 International Journal of Energy and Environment ... cm2 serpentine flow-fields with single channel, double channel, cyclic-single channel, and symmetric-single channel patterns to investigate the effect of flow-field design High and low inlet humidity...

Ngày tải lên: 05/09/2013, 14:58

... data and interpolate values onto that grid; then use FFT methods In the missing data problem, you only have to interpolate on missing data points If a lot of consecutive points are missing, you ... applying the method as discussed so far In the upper figure, the data points are plotted against time Their number is N = 100, and their distribution in t is Poisson random There is certainly no sinusoidal ... few points to be kept in mind We are dealing with a slow algorithm Typically, for N data points, we may wish to examine on the order of 2N or 4N frequencies Each combination of frequency and data...

Ngày tải lên: 17/10/2013, 22:15

... turns magnetic inductance mutual inductance between primary and secondary coupling coefficient inductance of the winding of the primary (secondary open) inductance of the winding of the secondary ... the inductance is measurement with and without nucleus, and µref of the previous equation is obtained It can resort to the following approximated equation to obtain the final inductance µefFINAL ... Polarizing to the bases-emitter diode in direct and collector-bases on inverse, we have the model approximated for continuous The static gains of current in common emitter and common bases are defined...

Ngày tải lên: 23/10/2013, 16:15