ethical dilemmas in coral reef restoration

... Modeling for Coral Reef Restoration 312 17.5 Summary 312 References 313 17.1 INTRODUCTION Especially since the second World War, considerable effort has been invested in attempts to maintain and ... Considering the entire pan-tropic coral reef environment, this reef is certainly a strong “performer” (at least it was in the 1970s) Nevertheless, many similarly well-developed coral reefs exist in ... efforts involve coral reef organisms, although usually as individuals of a relatively few species Only rarely does current practice involve any semblance of a coral reef ecosystem, either in terms...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 00:21

... training and has been studying coral reefs since 1978 He was first introduced to coral reefs at Discovery Bay Marine Lab in Jamaica as an undergraduate student and has been working there ever since ... cases, people need to intervene in the process by restoring and rehabilitating the injured resource The process of restoring coral reefs is in its infancy when compared to restoration of other ... succession Inasmuch, we are interested in what determines the development of coral reef ecosystems from very early beginnings through senility and what may cause variation in them at points in time...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 00:21

... grounding damage on shallow-water massive corals of patch reefs throughout the Florida reef tract In this assay 315 shallow-water massive coral colonies from 49 reef sites within the Florida reef ... patch reef, John Pennekamp Coral Reef State Park (JPCRSP) D East Basin Hill Shoals patch reef, Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS) E Basin Hill Shoals patch reef, JPCRSP F Patch reef ... 4:36 PM 34 Coral Reef Restoration Handbook 2.4.5 MOORING BUOYS One would expect to find higher levels of damage to shallow-water massive corals at reef sites with mooring buoys since mooring buoys...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 00:21

... Beginning in the late 1970s, coral reef scientists became alarmed by the rapid, widespread decline in coral reefs around the world resulting from a variety of causes, including coral disease, coral ... replacement in Guam132–135 • Avoiding and minimizing coral loss from outfall pipe repairs in Florida136 • Avoiding coral loss in Guam from pollution137 • Rehabilitation of reefs following dynamite ... itself, indirect action may not result in complete restoration of the damaged reef If thereef has experienced very severe damage (e.g., large-vessel grounding, coral mining, blastfishing), it...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 00:21

... Reef Gardening 121 7.2 CORAL REEF GARDENING IN THE CONTEXT OF REEF RESTORATION Gardening can be a valuable adjunct to coral reef restoration when there is need: To accelerate healing on damaged ... the one within your village, resort, or national marine sanctuary, you are likely to take a sudden interest in coral reef restoration Reef restoration is expensive, whether measured in sweat or ... Come? Toward a Concrete Basis for Coral Reef Gardening Les S Kaufman CONTENTS 7.1 7.2 Introduction 119 Coral Reef Gardening in the Context of Reef Restoration 121 7.2.1 Task...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 00:21

... becoming increasingly aware of the importance of coral reef ecosystems and of the rapid pace at which coral reefs are dying Given the large array of local, state, and national initiatives attempting ... in the ocean, these initial efforts provided tangential protection for coral reefs, butnone was specifically directed at coral reefs 8.2.1 T HE N ATIONAL M ARINE S ANCTUARIES A CT Beginning in ... ship intentionally ran aground theWestern Sambo Reef in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary during a storm in 1993, damaging or destroying 1025 m2 of live coral and 133 m2 of established reef...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 00:21

... drawn to the branching coral morphology of EcoReefs Modules look instantly organic, as seen in the picture of an EcoReef team installing the EcoReef modules in Figure 10.7 EcoReefs, Inc., has the ... into endless combinations As reef visitors desire variation in topography, reef restoration efforts can increase aesthetics by including a range of Reef Ball™ morphologies The Reef Ball Development ... a coral reef (©2004 www.ecoreefs.com , with permission). 2073_C010.fm Page 195 Tuesday, April 18, 2006 11:17 AM Trang 4196 Coral Reef Restoration Handbookin a number of restoration efforts using...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 00:21

... increasingly interested in developing legislation to provide guidelines for conducting coral reef injury assessment and restoration planning as a means to recover damages When discussing international ... containing antifouling paint from a vessel grounding on the Great Barrier Reef in 2000 were found to significantly inhibit larval settlement and metamorphosis in laboratory studies.24 Injuries to coral ... text Restoration strategies for localized injuries have included removing unconsolidated sediment and rubble, adding structure, transplanting and translocating corals to increase coral cover, introducing...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 00:21

... Caribbean reef systems.4 Several interacting factors likely contribute to this recruitment failure in reef-building corals As live coral cover declines by the loss of adult corals, and/or adult corals ... the grazing urchin D antillarum in maintaining substrate quality suitable for successful coral recruitment, we have chosen to pursue experimental restoration approaches that include restocking Diadema ... grazing sea-urchin, Diadema antillarum, in 1982 to 1983,8 namely, the increase of macroalgal cover and loss of substrate types associated with intense grazing (e.g., live corals, crustose coralline...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 00:21

... party amounting to U.S $1.25 million for primary and compensatory restoration, including $650,000 to conduct an emergency restoration of coral resources injured as a result of the incident.2 The ... colonies within and outside of the grounding site (Figure 14.8E) In August 2003, 4% of the living fragments and 15% of the standing colonies were affected by WBD The wire used in the initial restoration ... 14 Restoration Outcomes of the Fortuna Reefer Grounding at Mona Island, Puerto Rico Andrew W Bruckner and Robin J Bruckner CONTENTS 14.1 14.2 14.3 Introduction 257 Initial Restoration...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 00:21

... of reef coral populations and/or coral habitats in damaged areas Techniques for active intervention include reef repair, coral transplantation, reef seeding with coral fragments or larvae, increasing ... 8278 Coral Reef Restoration Handbooklifted from the reef flat and shallow areas in the footprint of the intended cable landing and were transported in submerged baskets 60 m to a neighboring reef ... occurred during the following winter, causing damage to many of the transplants by burial or physical removal The remaining transplants continued to decline over time, suffering from fish grazing, sedimentation,...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 00:21

... 2292 Coral Reef Restoration Handbook16.1 RESTORATION THROUGH THE “CORAL REEF GARDENING” CONCEPT The decline of coral reefs worldwide1–4 has prompted the need for urgent development of adequate restoration ... Rijn, J., and Rinkevich, B., A mid water coral nursery, Proc 10th Int Coral Reef Symp., in press. 18 Fox, H.E., Coral recruitment in blasted and unblasted sites in Indonesia: assessing rehabilitation ... active restoration is not yet well accepted It is probably best exercised in the gardening concept of reef restoration and in restoration of ship grounding sites Impacts of ship grounding include...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 00:21

... resulted in changes in the characteristics and trophic structure of coral reef substrate, including declines in cover of certain crustose coralline algae that release chemical cues triggering coral ... LONG-TERM CORAL REEF RESTORATION MONITORING EFFORTS In 1997, the 325-foot vessel Fortuna Reefer ran aground on a coral reef off Mona Island, Puerto Rico in an area dominated by Acropora palmata The initial ... 328 Coral Reef Restoration Handbook FIGURE 19.1 “Human chain” of volunteers passing burlap bags containing exotic algae removed from a reef in the Waikiki, Hawaii, area to the beach for sorting...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 00:21

... fuel Chlorine is a problem in certain plastic varieties, particularly PVC (polyvinyl chloride) When incinerating chlorine-containing plastics, a bag filter can be used to capture the chlorine particles ... commercial painting operations (spent solvents, paint solids), metal cleaning fluids (solvent based mixtures, metal working and machining lubricants, coolants, cutting fluids), electronic industry ... fuel substitutes used in cement manufacturing in 2001 (Cement Sustainability Initiative 2005) The use of agricultural biomass residues in cement manufacturing is less common in industrialized countries...

Ngày tải lên: 24/03/2014, 05:20

... PROMIS is an NIH initiative aimed at revising instruments in many domains including PF, using IRT calibrations and computerized adaptive testing (CAT) [45] The PROMIS PF item bank contains 124 calibrated ... status instruments in patients with rheumatoid arthritis participating in a clinical trial Minocycline in Rheumatoid Arthritis Trial Group J Rheumatol 1997, 24(10):1910-1915 70 Deyo RA, Inui TS: ... function in rheumatoid arthritis Clinical use of a self-administered health status instrument Arch Intern Med 1982, 142(5):879-882 72 Deyo RA, Inui TS, Leininger JD, Overman SS: Measuring functional...

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 00:20

... Within APEC little is known on the introduction of marine pests  Little practical information on measures to prevent introductions  Lack of knowledge in what individual countries are doing ... enhance the effectiveness of existing instruments within APEC  Institutional arrangements for managing the marine environment is fragmented in most economies  Baseline surveys to identify IMP are ... Conclusions, including the results of the November 2001 Workshop Management Framework - Introd uced Marine Pests Management capabilities and approaches  APEC and the MRCWG have a role in liaising with...

Ngày tải lên: 28/10/2013, 11:15

... of Training Session Three The Training Setting Summary of the Training Activities Reminders Session Three Training Activities (Estimated Time: 3.5 Hours) Preparation of the SPs for Training Session ... Practice Exam Training Options: Variations on the Training Sessions Determining the SP Training Necessary Reorganizing the Middle Training Session Activities The Practice Exam: Final Dress Rehearsal ... Improving Their Performances Chapter Chapter 164 Training Session Two: Learning to Use the Checklist Principles for Checklist Coaching The Goal of Training Session Two The Training Setting Summary...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2014, 16:20

... receive special training in examining children who may have been abused persistent vomiting; stridor in a calm child; lethargy or unconsciousness; inability to drink or breastfeed In children younger ... unacceptable to penetrate the vagina of a woman who is a virgin with anything, including a speculum, finger or swab In this case you may have to limit the examination to inspection of the external ... the vaginal orifice are not sensitive indicators of penetration 34 Do not carry out a digital examination (i.e inserting fingers into the vaginal orifice to assess its size) Look for vaginal discharge...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 23:21

... demonstrated to inhibit the binding and activity of MCP-1 in vitro (data not shown) Stability AF488-MCP-1 reagent stability was determined by examining both the binding of AF488-MCP-1 in whole blood ... staining positive for AF488 MCP-1 internalization was 22.7 ± 0.7 giving a 3.2%CV for all of the individual pre-dose values advances in instrument platforms, reagent quality and the increase in ... allows the clinical researcher to determine CCR2 saturation and a pharmacodynamic-pharmacokinetic relationship in clinical trials investigating CCR2 ligand antagonists Competing interests Drs...

Ngày tải lên: 18/06/2014, 15:20

... chains growing out of it, and which are a different kind of polymer than the backbone chain In this case, it's a polystyrene chain with chains of polybutadiene growing out of it Food Packaging ... for making large aquariums, whose windows must be thick in order to contain the high pressure millions of gallons of water In fact, the largest single window in the world, an observation window ... packaging, medical tubing, wire and cable insulation, film and sheet, construction products such as pipes, fittings, siding, floor tiles, carpet backing and window frames Packaging, loose-leaf binders,...

Ngày tải lên: 01/08/2014, 07:20