embedded dram in nano scale technologies

... facing severe challenge in maintaining sufficient cell stability margin under relentless area scaling Meanwhile, rapid expansion in mobile application, including new emerging application in sensor ... early technology choice for embedded logic applications With technology scaling challenges in the floating-gate technologies, including the increasing need for integrating NVM along with more advanced ... the device miniaturization driven by the technology scaling into nanometer regime has made it more challenging to maintain a sufficient SRAM cell stability margin while continuing to increase a...

Ngày tải lên: 08/03/2016, 10:33

... Falsifying Business Records in the First Degree and related charges Loan processors, including defendants WAI CHING “ALICE” WONG and YUK YIN “LORETTA” LAM CHENG, are accused of helping originators ... protection of the nation’s financial system remains a top priority for IRS-Criminal Investigation.” The indictment, representing the culmination of a two-and-a-half-year investigation, charges that ... Currency, Fannie Mae, IRS Criminal Investigations, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, Federal Housing Finance Agency, and the Federal Housing Finance Agency Office of the Inspector General, whose...

Ngày tải lên: 16/02/2014, 11:20

... Tetsuya Sakai 2001 Generic Summaries for Indexing in IR In Proceedings of the 24th Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval, pages 190–198, ... measure for assessing the relative decrease in retrieval performance when indexing summaries instead of full documents The idea behind it is similar to (Sparck-Jones and Sakai, 2001) In that experiment, ... summing over individual judges and normalizing The average interjudge precision and recall is computed by averaging over all judge pairs However, precision and recall not take chance agreement into...

Ngày tải lên: 20/02/2014, 16:20

... acids important in animal feeds Duckweeds are rich in leucine, threonine, valine, isoleucine and phenylalanine and are low in methionine and tyrosine.1 Some information on the amino acid content ... corresponding increase in its lignin content Digestibility clearly decreases after the linear growth phase with increasing lignin content (Van Hove et al., 1987) It is therefore important to maintain ... rich in certain amino acids that are often rather low in plant proteins The nutritional value of Lemnaceae can be compared favourably with that of alfalfa in terms of lysine and arginine, two amino...

Ngày tải lên: 14/03/2014, 11:21

... beginner-much as I was when I graduated from college She has a background in computer science or engineering and a few years of programming experience The beginner is interested in writing embedded ... forgot to wrap the calls to toggleLed and delay in an infinite loop - 27 - Programming Embedded Systems in C and C++ Chapter Compiling, Linking, and Locating I consider that the golden rule requires ... by including the associated code and data sections within the output object file.[2] [2] Beware that I am only talking about static linking here In non -embedded environments, dynamic linking...

Ngày tải lên: 17/03/2014, 13:20

... relaxations must involve the molecules in the surrounding environment through coupling interactions among the polymer chains These interactions depended on the amount of intermolecular and intramolecular ... the surface could act as a crosslink in the polymer by restraining certain chains.11 For thin films, those less than approximately 60 nm, significant increases in Tg could occur These researchers ... decrease in the “cooperative length scale. ”10) The chains near the surface interact with proportionally less polymer chains than those in the center Their coupling parameter decreases due to fewer interactions,...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 01:20

... of attempting to see whether or not checking can be accomplished using the current items in the “processing buffer” and those in the “input queue,” and if not, shifting a word from the input queue ... solution and, indeed, Sayeed and Szpakowicz (2004) in general is that in order to maintain incrementality, we not attempt to return items displaced during generation to their original positions ... onto the processing buffer The distinction is marked, in our notation, by a |: the words and trees before | are in the processing buffer, and those that are after | are in the input queue The...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 19:20

... lexical meaning may be defined in terms of any number of ontological primitives, called con= cepts Any of the concepts in the ontology may be used (singly or in combination) in a lexical meaning representation ... There in Linguistic Semantics for Natural Language Processing? In Sergei Nirenburg (ed.), Proceedings of Natural Language Planning Workshop Blue Mountain Lake, N.Y.: RADC, pp 78-96 Victor Raskin ... verbs (including "suppletivism" ) Adjs denoting the corresponding size of all or some external organs Figurative meanings of same adjectives Adj -scale( d) Human Organs LR Size adjs Adjs denoting...

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 20:21

... funding In 2003, the United States issued the National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) in which the outline of U.S nanotechnology research was defined In this initiative, the particle range of nanotechnology ... with engineering The first International Particle Technology Forum took place in Denver in 1994, followed by the second in San Diego in 1996, and the third in Miami in 1998 The Denver meeting should ... Technology in the world is alive and kicking in 2008 In many parts of the Americas, mining is still the focus In the United States, the subject has moved more into the mainstream of science and engineering...

Ngày tải lên: 04/06/2014, 14:32

... 2011 Printed in India A free online edition of this book is available at www.intechopen.com Additional hard copies can be obtained from orders@intechweb.org Advances in Vehicular Networking Technologies, ... coverage According to Figure 1, the cell crossing time lasts since the vehicle enters the wireless cell in Pin at tin, and then exits the wireless cell in Pout at tout, respectively During ∆T interval, ... will cross inside the wireless cell during the time interval ∆T = tout — tin is: Δx = v ΔT (1) From (1) we can introduce the Cell Crossing Time [s] parameter, according to the following assessment,...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 00:20

... inter-symbol interference (ISI) and degrades the system performance This problem will be more severe in inter-vehicle communication as maintaining synchronization in fast moving nodes is very difficult In ... be increased to maintain the spectral efficiency which then reduces the performance gain over non-cooperative single-input single-output (SISO) scheme Asynchronous Cooperative Protocols for Inter-vehicle ... (29) 38 Advances in Vehicular Networking Technologies and h N0 = N0 + k2 r PLrd (30) The detected data in frequency domain is then transformed back to time domain by using inverse discrete Fourier...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 00:20

... Networking Technologies 2.1 Description of the involved technologies In this subsection we describe the technologies involved in the process of collection information from devices, first detailing ... Based Gossiping for VANETs in an Intersection Scenario, 4th International Conference on Networked Computing and Advanced Information, Gyeongju, Korea Efficient Information Dissemination in VANETs ... analysis are included in the diagram in brackets A part of the process using the terms from the application domain is shown in Figure Here the means of Petrinets is used for the process modelling This...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 00:20

... Advances in Vehicular Networking Technologies information into a cloud of services In this sense, from lower layer related protocols we now move into solutions which were defined to integrate ... graphics explaining occurrences of problems in certain vehicle models or in certain zones 3.1 Architecture specification Fig shows the main required entities for the proposed reporting architecture ... Advances in Vehicular Networking Technologies thus presenting a resource efficient solution The way our framework handles this integration is explained bellow in Section 3.3.2 3.3.1 User behavior information...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 00:20

... frequency hopping, channel coding, modulation, and signal processing 134 Advances in Vehicular Networking Technologies The received power Pr in Equation (1) is characterized by large -scale fading and ... the route towards a destination BU The neighbor unit id is contained in the MAC header Note that the unit maintains only the next-hop routing state, which provides the routing protocol with a high ... also contained in the MAC header Once a DU/MU has determined its position, it can broadcast its position The hop count in the NWK header is obtained from the selected route in the routing table...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 00:20

... 142 Advances in Vehicular Networking Technologies discover a route since the BU started broadcasting the routing information End-to-end delays are determined using position reporting packets which ... Advances in Vehicular Networking Technologies of Route dropped to 5, which was the same as Route At this point a route change occurred since MU0 selected Route again All the remaining packets in its ... Routing in Wireless Sensor Networks, MILCOM Proceedings on Communications for Network-Centric Operations: Creating the Information Force, McLean, VA, 2001 148 Advances in Vehicular Networking Technologies...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 00:20

... second line of equation (14) and equations (15) and (8) The following cases are obtained by induction using again the second line of (14) in conjunction with (9) Now, using the first line of equation ... strategy In fact, since the channels are assumed to be slow fading, if the direct link is in outage in the first slot of the frame, it will be the case in the second So it is better not to transmit in ... performance by minimizing the outage probability of the channel at high SNR We underlined that the need of such an optimization increases with the increasing quality difference within the links (source-relay...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 00:20

... Networks, in Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, 2004 [sahin07] Mustafa E Sahin, Sadia Ahmed, and Hüseyin Arslan The Roles of Ultra Wideband in Cognitive Networks, in IEEE International ... (LOS) increases following a linear shape The coefficient of determination is used to measure how much of the original uncertainty in the RTT measurements is explained by the linear model Unfortunately, ... were no other wireless nodes interfering Finally, according to (Bahillo et al., 2009) the elapsed time in the AP, between receiving a RTS frame and sending the corresponding CTS frame, can be assumed...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 00:20

... network in Data Forwarding in Wireless Relay Networks 241 figure RS1 receives all the packets containing in first frame and stores the MPDUs destining to RS1, RS2, RS3, RS5, and RS6 In second ... as to eliminate the processing in MPDU level Moreover, checking CIDs in MAP also saves unnecessary processing for the data destining to other destinations Before relaying data, BS identifies the ... Without MAP indications, CID-based forwarding scheme performs worst in saving processing and storage overheads, no matter in 2-hop or 5-hop cases (2) In tunnel-based schemes, enabling MAP indication...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 00:20

... engine-turned off 264 Advances in Vehicular Networking Technologies Car with engine-turned but not moving Car with engine-turned but not moving and effects of lightning, warnings, radio, windscreen ... Caprini, D.; Facchinetti, T.; Benzi, F & Nolte, T (2009) Experiments on timing aspects of DC-powerline communications, Proceedings of IEEE 278 Advances in Vehicular Networking Technologies international ... generated by a swinging slider-crank mechanism Our previous findings indicated that the pulse frequency determines the effective generation of the kinesthetic illusion of being pulled In this chapter,...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 00:20

... terminals (feeding point) The input impedance of an antenna is expressed in terms of its real and imaginary parts as Zin = Rin + jXin , where Zin is the antenna impedance at the input terminals ... curve in the waterfall region Compared to plain physical layer coding with inter-frame interleaving, joint physical/link layer coding clearly shows an improvement of performance Note that for joint ... terminals a – b, Rin is the antenna resistance at the input terminals a – b, and Xin is the antenna reactance at the input terminals a – b (1) 298 Advances in Vehicular Networking Technologies Fig...

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 00:20