effect of noise in communication systems ppt

... imbalance compensation in predistortion linearization systems [5, 7, 9 11] The drawbacks of the existing compensation techniques are the following: (1) offline training using special calibration ... between the input and output of the linearized PA This will demonstrate the IQ imbalance effect on the accuracy of the MOP PD in linearizing the PA and increasing memory effects by thickening the curves ... with an indirect learning structure, as shown in Figure 1 The benefit of this structure is that we can obtain directly the PD parameters instead of assuming a model for the PA, estimating the

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 20:20

... Short training and long training symbols in time are obtained by IFFT operation of the frequency domain sequences of that The time sequence of total preamble sequence power in time is shown inFigure ... PLCP includes 10 identical short training symbols and two long training symbols that are shown inFigure 6 Each short training symbol consists of 16 samples while long training symbol consists of ... multiplexing (OFDM-) based intelligent packet communication systems are proposed In the channel estimation scheme, we use additional 8 short training symbols besides 2 long training symbols for intelligently

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 23:20

... the remaining 6 had originated in C coli and been acquired by C jejuni With the exception of a single mosaic allele, having originated in. .. those lineages that are found in a niche ... the maintenance of alleles of C jejuni origin within the C coli gene pool demonstrates that mechanistic barriers are not preventing interspecies gene... infections in Norway Scand J Infect ... accuracy of information contained in the published chapters. The publisher assumes no responsibility for any damage or injury to persons or property arising out of the use of any materials, instructions,

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 08:20

... Broadcasting (DVB); Framing structure, channel coding and modulation for cable systems – European Broadcasting Union. 13. ETSI EN 302 307 V1.2.1 (2009-08) – Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); ... Video Broadcasting (DVB); Second generation framing structure, channel coding and modulation systems for Broadcasting, Interactive Services, News Gathering and other broadband satellite applications ... and Data communications – The Morgan Kaufmann Serries in Networking Editor – 2 nd Edition. 17. ROHDE & SCHWARZ - SOUND and TV BROADCASTING – CCIR and FFC tv standards – Printed in the federal

Ngày tải lên: 26/11/2013, 20:44

... measures the effect of these actions via the outputs of the problem domain The disturbances represent uncertainty in the problem domain The solution of a problem is composed of the sequence of inputs ... Issues and Techniques in AI Planning Systems In this section we briefly outline some of the issues and techniques in AI planning systems A relatively complete summary of planning ideas and an extensive ... determine the state These definitions also apply to the planner and the planning system 3.3 Open Loop AI Planning Systems In this section we define open loop planning systems and outline some of

Ngày tải lên: 14/12/2013, 12:15

... and enjoy a range of outdoor activities — from kayaking, water rafting, sailing, skiing, snowboarding and skydiving to hiking, rock climbing, horse riding, biking and whale watching You can also visit our world-class museums, exhibitions, performances, sporting events, and festivals ... Computer systems analysis; database administration; IT consulting; software engineering; network administration; network security analysis; system administration * Please note: course offerings may change without notice ... This full-time course is provided by UMass Boston for students who do not have the required English proficiency test scores to enter directly into the UPP Mixed program Course work includes intensive practice in the basic language skills of listening, speaking, reading, and writing The learning process is enhanced through assigned readings and exercises, as well

Ngày tải lên: 10/03/2014, 16:20

... skyover the offing, to the deepening of shadows in the alley of Wolfe's Cove Not a sound passed unheard fromthe fluttering wing of the sparrow that had built its winter nest in the guns of the battery, ... underlying andleavening it, there was a germinating principle of freedom, a parent idea of autonomy and nationality He readthe proceedings of the Congress at Philadelphia with ever-increasing admiration, ... blotting out the lines of the horizon Theheights of Levis melted in the distance, the bed of the river was surmounted by a wall of vapor, and the tallrock of the citadel wavered like a curtain of

Ngày tải lên: 23/03/2014, 17:20

... detected in human urine [13], indicating the formation of DNA AGEs in the healthy human organism A significantly increased number of CEdGpositive cells were immunostained in glomeruli of patients ... observed during 14 days of incubation To obtain insights into the functional consequences of DNA glycation, CEdG was introduced into a luciferase reporter gene vector and transfected into human ... number of cells was analyzed (Fig 2B) In order to investigate whether CEdG has the potential to accumulate in genomic DNA of nongrowing cells, HSC-T6 cells were kept in minimal medium containing

Ngày tải lên: 30/03/2014, 04:20

... distortionmay lead to effectsnot only very marked and pronounced but occasionally disastrous In general, in investigating the effect of iron in alternating-current circuits, the curveof excitingcurrent ... form This brings up the question of the desirability of extending Dr Bedell's investigation to still higher har-monics, the fifth, seventh, ninth, etc An interesting investigation ofthe wave-shape ... circuitinthe formofa hysteresisloop supplyingmorepowerthan isconsumedin the iron by molecular magnetic friction; the difference is consumed in the vibration of the laminations, resulting in noise

Ngày tải lên: 04/06/2014, 12:44

... addition of relays is slightly beneficial since the increase in SINR afforded by shorten-ing the hop distances increases the MIMO gain In Figure 8b, with spatial reuse, RNetcontinuously increases ... rich scattering environment (which is good for MIMO) also becomes depleted with decreasing LOS path loss In the following figures, we examine the effects of Krand SINR jointly using the Kr(x) ... general and simple method of modeling the channel for the purposes of studying the interaction of MH relaying and MIMO in this paper The precise RF propagation characteristics of a system will depend

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 01:20

... implementation 4.4 Training Algorithm The classification process basically consists of two phases: training phase and testing phase A training set is used in supervised training to present the proper ... parameters of digital modulation used in training, validation, and evaluation of the proposed algorithm. Besides fast convergence, one of the main advantages of RPROP lies in the fact that no choice of ... processing chain of different features subsets extraction Features extraction subsystem Features pre-processing Training phase using RPROP Classifier subsystem Features subset selection using PCA

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 16:20

... variety of applications depend on position knowl-edge, including the tracking of inventory in warehouses or cargo ships in commercial settings and blue force tracking in military scenarios In cluttered ... modeling the ranging error can be found in [21], where ranging data is analyzed as a function of the true distance instead of the number of walls However, the Gaussian behavior of the ranging ... to perform ranging by estimating the ToA of the first path using a thresholding technique [20] A grid of 20 possible target positions (numbered 1–20 inFigure 1) defined the points from which

Ngày tải lên: 21/06/2014, 22:20

... video data hiding has found usage in a great number of applications In this work, we introduce the detailed framework of using data hiding for privacy information preservation in a video surveillance ... preserve the original video, selective scrambling of sensitive information using a private key have been recently proposed in [10,11,15] These schemes differ in terms of the types of informa-tion ... hiding may be important for maintaining the authenticity of the original video We shall consider both in this work Most irreversible data embedding and extracting appro-aches can be classified into

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 00:20

... Multiple Solutions for a Class of px-Laplacian Systems Yongqiang Fu and Xia Zhang Department of Mathematics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China Correspondence should be addressed ... example3 6 In 7, De Figueiredo and Ding discussed the multiple solutions for a kind of elliptic systems on a smooth bounded domain Motivated by their work, we will consider the following sort of px-Laplacian ... multiplicity of solutions for a class of Hamiltonian systems with the px-Laplacian. Under suitable assumptions, we obtain a sequence of solutions associated with a sequence of positive energies going

Ngày tải lên: 22/06/2014, 03:20

... occurrence of τ in β not lying entirely in some β i must start from a point of λ(µλ) k−1 . Any such point M should be an initial point of some λ in the expression λ(µλ) k−1 , (i.e., one of the bold ... of all strings with length up to 4 has been presented in [19], whereas some strings of arbritrary length have been studied in [13, 14]. Strings in k-colored Motzkin pa ths have been studied in ... whereas strings in ballot paths have been studied in [15, 16]. So far, all results that appear in the literature involve particular strings. In this paper, we consider arbitrary strings, obtaining general

Ngày tải lên: 08/08/2014, 14:23

... explain some of the increased radiation-induced cytotoxicity observed with loratadine pre-incubation Likewise, enrichment of the cells in G2/M phase may also explain some of the increase in susceptibility ... loratadine at all radiation doses (Figure 2D) resulting in a DMF of 2.6 ± 0.14 for loratadine Effect of Histamine on Radiation Modification by Loratadine To establish whether the observed effects of ... [3], loratadine alone results in Chk1 activation leading to an increase in the percen-tage of cells in the G2/M phase of the cell cycle Since the G2/M phase of the cell cycle is one of the most

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 10:20

... population of D melanogcrster used in this experiment was SA-FIV It was. constituted in 1979 with 200 pairs of adults derived from a stock obtained, in 1977, from 21 isofemale lines, found to be inversion ... for egg laying on 15 vials containing 20 cc of S101 medium with live yeast ’ E3 : discrete 25-day generation, 18 °C, RH of 60 p 100, 3 days for egg laying on 15 vials containing 30 cc of axenic ... different life histories In the present study we have tested experimentally LrwoNT!N’s schema using a population of Drosophila melanogaster maintained during 5 generations in each of 3 successive environments

Ngày tải lên: 09/08/2014, 22:23

... the level of produc-tion and/or a differential role of GH genotype in grow-ing animals In contrast, Dybus et al [20] determined an effect of GH genotype on milk, fat and protein yield in primiparous ... feeding-related diseases Anim Feed Sci and Technology 2006, 126:175-213. 8 Gong JG, Lee WJ, Garnsworthy PC, Webb R: Effect of dietary-induced increases in circulating insulin concentrations during ... traits in Holstein cattle In addition, the BB genotype has been associated with greater body weight at weaning in commercial beef lines of Bos taurus [31] and greater growth rates in Holstein-Friesian

Ngày tải lên: 12/08/2014, 18:22

... injecting drug users (n = 11), and transport workers (n = 5) In-depth interviews were conducted using flexible guidelines, which were developed after obtaining prelim-inary information from mapping ... occasionally shared injecting equipment with boatmen Sexual linkages In-depth interviews with other vulnerable groups includ-ing commercial female sex workers, injectinclud-ing drug users, and ... lack of condom use, and prevalence of sexual violence have been found to be associated with increased vulnera-bility of fishing communities to HIV infection [5,9,11] Since some studies in fishing

Ngày tải lên: 13/08/2014, 13:21

... existence of acupuncture points in the light of modern medicine. Using sEMG, the determination of the chemical mediators involved in pain control mechanisms have important implications in the evaluation ... point, Qi point, Qi Fu and the most familiar name today is acupoint. - The classification of acupoint: These can be divided into three main types of acupoint: acupoint of meridian, acupoint of external ... current intensity + Shen Shu point's skin impedance - The effective study of EA in treating LBP with kidney failure type: + The level of pain, pain threshold + Improving the expansion of the

Ngày tải lên: 04/10/2014, 13:22