disorders of the eye

... rate the fre-quency with which they were bothered by their eye aller-gies while carrying out activities, in addition to their level of bother, proved confusing for some subjects Further-more the ... frequency as the more pertinent index of severity, whereas patients consider intensity of bother to be of greater salience Consequently, instead of deleting either the 'intensity of bother' or 'frequency ... presented as posters [4,5] The objective of the present study was to further validate the questionnaire by investigating the psy-chometric properties of the EAPIQ in a sample of patients with ocular

Ngày tải lên: 20/06/2014, 15:20

... the origin of what we now call mental disorders The Hippocratic Doctors of Ancient Greece left us with scripts describing the early philosophical-scientific thoughts of the nature of the brain ... For all the advances in the medical and life sciences, the brain is perhaps still the least understood organ of the human body This is in no way due to the lack of interest or research on the brain ... anticipated, the scientific advances that have allowed the functional validation of the existence of a "psychic cell" in the PFC and its extension to human cognition at the end of the 20th

Ngày tải lên: 28/06/2014, 11:20

... completely proven, treatment of the BV appears to decreasethe incidence of these complications and provides at least part ofthe rationale for prophylactic antibiotic therapy in these circum-stances Additionally, ... tions of exudate often are present, and some are lightly attached collec-to the cervical and vaginal mucosa When these are removed,slight oozing occurs There may be both erythema and edema ofthe ... States) The source often can betraced to the male partner, who may harbor the flagellate beneaththe prepuce or in the urethra or urethral prostate, yet remain asymp-tomatic Moreover, ⬃25% of females

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 16:20

... cavity, and the greater the gestation of the pregnancy, the greater the amount of dilatation required Priming of the cervix with... and that the continuance of the pregnancy ... regeneration of the endometrium. During normal menstruation, the upper functional layer of the endometrium is shed, whilst the ba.sal 3 mm of the endometrium is retained (see Chapter 4). At the end of ... regardless of the ye are a few exceptions proportion of women their reproductive life) t their blood toss is in > reassure them and make ermine the duration of other symptoms or fac- L The following

Ngày tải lên: 05/08/2014, 16:20

... and their diagnosis Because of the complexity of many disorders of the auditory system the clinician must have a thorough understanding of the basic functions of the entire tory system and the ... physiology of the ear and the nervous system The book also provides a comprehensive coverage of disorders of the auditory system emphasizing the interaction between patholo-gies of the middle ear and the ... Importance of the Acoustic DISORDERS OF THE AUDITORY SYSTEM AND THEIR 3.4 Accuracy of Measurements of ConductiveHearing Loss 213 3.5 Implications of Impairment of Conduction of Sound to the Cochlea

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:21

... ismeasured in the place of the head The effect of thehead on the sound at the entrance of the ear canal isrelated to the size of the head and, the wavelength2 of sound This means that the “amplification” ... effect of the head on the sound pressure at the entrance of the ear canal depends on the frequency of the sound and on the angle of incidence of the sound (direction to the sound source) 6 The difference ... measure of the ability of the tympanic membrane to convert sound into vibration of the malleus, thus a measure of the function of the tym- panic membrane (The velocity of the vibration is the first

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:21

... in the ventral parts of the MGB of the thalamus, the non-classical sensory pathways use the dorsal and medialdivision of the MGB as relay (Fig 5.10) [122] Thesedivisions of the MGB receive their ... axons to the AAF The neurons of the medial division of the MGB project to the AAF, which may send collaterals to the reticular nucleus (RE) of the thalamus The RE controls the excitability of neurons ... understanding ofthe anatomy and physiology of the auditory nervoussystem of clinical importance understand-Most studies of the function of the auditory systemhave aimed at the coding of different kinds of

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:21

... [59] The difference between the latency of the N1 of the AP and that of the response from the intracranial portion of the auditory nerve is the travel time in the auditory nerve from the ear to the ... The caudal portion of the floor of the lateral recess is the (dorsal) surface of the dorsal cochlear nucleus and the rostral portion of the floor of the lateral recess is the dorsal surface of ... Trang 12The interpretation of the sources of the differentcomponents of the waveform of the response from anucleus is based on studies of nuclei of the somatosen-sory system, done early in the history

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:21

... standard error of the mean are shown as a function of the intensity of the noise The TTS was measured 20 s after the end of the exposure In this study the noise exposure consisted of a band of noise, ... shorter than that of the change in the acoustic impedance, which involves the time it takes to build up strength of the contraction of the stapedius muscle The response of the acoustic middle-ear ... [16] The threshold of the reflex response increases as a function of the concentration of alcohol in the blood Blood alcohol concentration of one tenth of one percent results in anelevation of the

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:21

... selectivity of the ear (cf Chapter 3) Thewidening of the tuning of the basilar membranebroadens the “slices” of the spectrum of broad bandsounds from which the cochlea provides information to the (temporal) ... spectrum causes the greatest hearing loss at about one half octave above the frequency of the highest energy of the sound The reason for this half octave shift is most likely the shift of the maximal ... resonance frequency of the ear canal (2.814 kHz) and that the greatest hearing loss occurs at a frequency that is 1.5 times the frequency of the maximal energy of the noise exposure, then the maximal

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:21

... (synthesized) sound Because the results of the matching of the intensity of tinnitus to other sounds does not seem to correspond to the perceived intensity of tinnitus, other ways of evaluating the ... mality of recruitment of loudness is the ear, most oftenthe cochlea, but absence of function of the acousticmiddle-ear reflex can also cause an abnormal growth ofthe sensation of loudness above the ... tinni-of the physiological abnormality that generates thesensation of tinnitus would be the auditory nerve.However, the tinnitus often persists after removal ofthe tumor despite the fact that the

Ngày tải lên: 11/08/2014, 06:21

... instrument is in the area of abnormality, but also the proximity of the instrument to the pleural surface If the forceps are too close to the pleural surface, there is a risk of violating the visceral ... inflammation of the mucosa of the lower airways One of the main aims of treatment is to reduce this inflammation examining the lungs of patients who have died of asthma and from bronchial biopsies The ... just one-third the length of the alveolar capillary Thus the uptake of alveolar oxygen is ordinarily limited by the amount of blood transiting the alveolar capillaries rather than by the rapidity

Ngày tải lên: 26/05/2017, 22:34

... membrane The latter is a function of the porosity and thickness of the membrane, the size of the solute molecule, and the conditions of flow on the two sides of the membrane According to laws of diffusion, ... increases the density and activity of the basolateral Na+-K+ ATPase and Trang 14the number of Na+ channels in the apical membrane of the collecting duct In CKD, the excretion of the dietary load of ... hypercalcemia.concentra-Recognition of the role of the extracellular calcium-sensing receptor has led to the development of calcimimetic agents that enhance the sensitivity of the parathyroid cell to the suppressive effect of

Ngày tải lên: 26/05/2017, 22:35

... derived from the protein on the cell surface bound to class I MHC molecules CD8+T cells migrate to the mucosa and recognize these peptide-MHC complexes Which of the following components of the TCR ... on the surface of APCs, mediating “signal 2” 17 Binds to GlyCAM-1 on high endothelial venules of lymph nodes, mediating rolling of T cells on endothelium 18 Binds to ICAM-1 on the surface of ... concentrated, and these form the hypervariable or complementarity-determining regions (CDRs) Three CDRs in the a chain are juxtaposed to three similar regions in the b chain to form the part of the TCR

Ngày tải lên: 01/03/2019, 09:51

... and other types of disorders For all these reasons, the field of immunology has captured the attention of clinicians, scien-tists, and the lay public This chapter introduces the nomenclature of ... (some of which are long-lived) The effector cells of the CD4 T phocyte lineage produce cytokines (The effector cells of the CD8 lineage are CTLs; these are not shown.) Other progeny of the antigen-stimulated ... sheaths of the spleen When the lymphocytes are activated by antigens, they alter their expression of chemokine receptors The B cells and T cells then migrate toward each other and meet at the edge of

Ngày tải lên: 21/01/2020, 14:12

... to the ability of these pro-teins to assist, or complement, the antimicrobial activity of antibodies The complement system may be activated by microbes in the absence of antibody, as part of the ... a component of C1 of the classical pathway and serves to activate C4 The subsequent steps are essentially the same as in the classical pathway The net result of these early steps of com-plement ... because of the vast surface area of the intestines, IgA accounts for 60% to 70% of the approximately 3 grams of antibody produced daily by a healthy adult The propensity of B cells in mucosal epi-thelial

Ngày tải lên: 22/01/2020, 03:31

... around the bars of the grate and pushed gently.Feeling the weight of the heavy bars as they came loose from their resting place, she struggled thegrate to the side, to lean against a leg of the ... appropriately while accepting the condolences of some neighboring nobles.Among them were the wife of the merchant Berwick and her daughter Ingrid, the betrothed of thedead young cavalier Guerrand ... pathetic attempt to fend off themissiles Another rock hit the ground in front of her, splashing mud and dirty water into her face.Guerrand DiThon, brother of the local lord, watched in horror The

Ngày tải lên: 31/08/2020, 16:08

... cytokine-activated endothelium In a 17 CD44 expressed on the surface of T cells is critical for the binding of activated T cells to endothelium at sites of inflammation, and for the retention of T cells ... migrate to the mucosa and recognize these peptide-MHC complexes Which of the following components of the TCR actually bind to the viral peptide-MHC complex? 5 Hypermutated regions: 1 in the a chain, ... rolling of T cells on endothelium 18 Binds to ICAM-1 on the surface of a variety of cells, mediating firm adhesion Trang 16between T cells and APCs or endothelial cells 19 Binds to VCAM-1 on the

Ngày tải lên: 17/12/2020, 17:37

... diffusion of Western, or American, beauty ideals at the expense of local discourses, the the meaning of this diffusion is complex. In the cities of Asia, Latin America and elsewhere, the spread of ... cosmetics company whose sales reached £360 million by the end of the decade The combination of the toiletry and cosmetics interests of the two firms had the apparent potential to create a significant ... identified Revlon as one of the symbols of the globalization of the beauty (and other) markets. 81 Yet during the 1970s Revlon diversified domestically into health care and other unrelated products...

Ngày tải lên: 10/12/2013, 04:15

... are therefore 37 Male Reproductive Health Disorders and the Potential Role of Environmental Chemical Exposures the pelvis, then through the pelvis (inguinal canal) into the bottom of the ... and expensive studies as the vast majority of baby boys in the study will not have the disorders. Finally, the larger the number of boys studied, the more accurate the study is likely to ... other factors in the mother – in other words, it is the lifestyle that is causal but this lifestyle also happens to increase phthalate exposure of the mother (for example, by heavy use of...

Ngày tải lên: 13/02/2014, 10:20